Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis |

Mikalojus Čiurlionis

Mgbụsị akwụkwọ. Ubi gba ọtọ. Ọkara gba ọtọ osisi rustle na-ekpuchi okporo ụzọ na epupụta, na mbara igwe isi awọ-agba ntụ, na dị ka mwute dị ka naanị mkpụrụ obi nwere ike mwute. MK Ciurlionis

Ndụ MK Chiurlionis dị mkpụmkpụ, mana okike na-egbuke egbuke na ihe omume. O kere ca. Ihe osise 300, ca. Iberibe egwu 350, ọkachasị piano miniatures (240). O nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ensembles, maka ukwe, organ, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ihe niile Čiurlionis hụrụ ndị egwú, ọ bụ ezie na o dere obere orchestral music: 2 symphonic poems "N'ime ọhịa" (1900), "Oké Osimiri" (1907), overture " Kėstutis” ( 1902) (Kyastutis, onye-isi ikpeazụ nke Lithuania tupu oge Ndị Kraịst, onye a ma ama n’ọgụ a na-alụso ndị agha ntụte, nwụrụ na 1382). Eserese nke “Lithuania Pastoral Symphony”, ihe osise nke uri symphonic “The Creation of the World” ka echekwabara. (Ugbu a, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe nketa Čiurlionis nile - eserese, eserese, ihe osise nke ọrụ egwu - na-edobe n'ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ya dị na Kaunas.) Čiurlionis bi n'ụwa dị egwu dị egwu, nke, n'okwu ya, "naanị nghọta nwere ike ịkọ." Ọ hụrụ n'anya ịnọrọ naanị ya na okike: ịhụ anya ọdịda anyanwụ, ịgagharị n'ime ọhịa n'abalị, ịgakwuru égbè eluigwe. N'ịge egwu egwu nke okike, n'ime ọrụ ya ọ chọrọ igosi ịma mma ya na nkwekọrịta ebighị ebi. Ihe oyiyi nke ọrụ ya bụ ọnọdụ, isi ihe dị na ha bụ ihe nnọchianya nke akụkọ ifo ndị mmadụ, na njikọ ahụ pụrụ iche nke fantasy na eziokwu, bụ nke e ji mara ndị mmadụ n'ụwa. Nkà ndị mmadụ “kwesịrị ịbụ ntọala nka anyị…” Čiurlionis dere. "Egwu Lithuania na-ezu ike na egwu ndị mmadụ… Egwu ndị a dị ka ngọngọ nke marble dị oké ọnụ ahịa na-echere naanị onye nwere ọgụgụ isi nke ga-enwe ike ịmepụta ihe na-adịghị anwụ anwụ site na ha." Ọ bụ egwu ndị Lithuania, akụkọ ifo na akụkọ ifo mere ka onye na-ese ihe na Čiurlionis zụlitere. Site n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ha banyere n'ime uche ya, ghọọ akụkụ nke mkpụrụ obi, were otu ebe n'akụkụ egwu JS Bach, P. Tchaikovsky.

Onye nkuzi egwu izizi Čiurlionis bụ nna ya, onye na-ahụ maka ihe. N'afọ 1889-93. Čiurlionis gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ orchestral nke M. Oginsky (nwa nwa nke onye na-ede egwú MK Oginsky) na Plungė; na 1894-99 mụọ mejupụtara na Warsaw Musical Institute n'okpuru 3. Moscow; na n'afọ 1901-02 ọ gara nke ọma na Leipzig Conservatory n'okpuru K. Reinecke. Nwoke nwere mmasị dị iche iche. Čiurlionis ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-etinye uche n'ihe egwu egwu niile, jiri ịnụ ọkụ n'obi mụọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nka, nkà mmụta sayensị, nkà ihe ọmụma, ịgụ kpakpando, physics, mgbakọ na mwepụ, geology, paleontology, wdg. N'akwụkwọ ndetu ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, enwere mkparịta ụka dị egwu nke sketches nke egwu egwu na usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ. nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na abụ.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na conservatory, Čiurlionis biri na Warsaw ruo ọtụtụ afọ (1902-06), ebe a malitere eserese, nke masịrị ya karịa. Site ugbu a gaa n'ihu, mmasị egwu na nka na-agbakọ mgbe niile, na-achọpụta obosara na ịdị iche iche nke ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na Warsaw, na kemgbe 1907 na Vilnius, Čiurlionis ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Lithuanian Art Society na ngalaba egwu dị n'okpuru ya, duziri Kankles. ukwe, ahaziri ahazi ihe ngosi nka Lithuania, asọmpi egwu , na-etinye aka na mbipụta egwu, streamlining Lithuanian musical terminology, sonye na ọrụ nke kọmitii akụkọ ifo, na-eduzi mmemme egwu dị ka onye na-eduzi ukwe na onye pianist. Na ole echiche na-emezughị! O ji echiche banyere ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu Lithuania na ọba akwụkwọ egwu, banyere Obí Mba dị na Vilnius. Ọ rọkwara nrọ ịgagharị mba ndị dị anya, mana nrọ ya mezuru naanị n'akụkụ ụfọdụ: na 1905 Čiurlionis gara Caucasus, na 1906 ọ gara Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Nuremberg, na Munich. N'afọ 1908-09. Čiurlionis bi na St. Petersburg, ebe kemgbe 1906, e gosipụtara ihe osise ya ugboro ugboro na ihe ngosi, na-akpali mmasị nke A. Scriabin na ndị na-ese ihe nke ụwa nke Art. Mmasị ahụ bụ otu. Ihe nnọchianya ịhụnanya nke Čiurlionis, òtù nzuzo nke mbara igwe - oké osimiri, anyanwụ, ebumnobi nke ịrịgo n'elu ugwu na-egbuke egbuke n'azụ nnụnụ na-arị elu nke obi ụtọ - ihe a niile na-egosipụta ihe oyiyi-akara A. Scriabin, L. Andreev, M. Gorky, A. Gbachie. A na-akpọkọtakwa ha ọnụ site na ọchịchọ maka njikọ nke nkà, njirimara nke oge. N'ọrụ nke Čiurlionis, uri, ihe osise na egwu egwu nke echiche na-apụtakarị n'otu oge ahụ. Ya mere, na 1907, ọ dechara symphonic uri "The Sea", na mgbe o dere piano okirikiri "The Sea" na ọmarịcha triptych "Sonata nke Oké Osimiri" (1908). Tinyere piano sonatas na fugues, e nwere eserese "Sonata of the Stars", "Sonata of Spring", "Sonata nke Sun", "Fugue"; okirikiri uri "Autumn Sonata". Ihe jikọrọ ha bụ na njirimara nke ihe oyiyi, n'echiche dị nro nke agba, na ọchịchọ ịmegharị ụda nke okike na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe niile - nnukwu Eluigwe na Ala nke echiche na echiche nke onye na-ese ihe mepụtara: "... The wider. nku na-emeghe sara mbara, ka okirikiri ahụ na-agakwuru, ka ọ ga-adịkwu mfe, ka ọ ga-enwekwa obi ụtọ na ọ ga-abụ mmadụ…” (M. K. Ciurlionis). Ndụ Čiurlionis dị nnọọ mkpụmkpụ. Ọ nwụrụ n'oge ike okike ya, n'ọnụ ọnụ nke nnabata na otuto zuru ụwa ọnụ, n'abalị nke nnukwu ihe ọ rụzuru, n'enweghị oge iji mezuo ọtụtụ ihe o zubere. Dị ka meteor, onyinye nka ya gbagoro wee pụọ, na-ahapụ anyị nka pụrụ iche, nke a na-apụghị ime eme, nke a mụrụ site n'echiche nke okike okike mbụ; nka nke Romain Rolland kpọrọ " kọntinent ọhụrụ kpamkpam".

O. Averyanova