Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki |

Mikhail Chulaki

MI Chulaki mụrụ na Simferopol, na ezinụlọ nke onye ọrụ. Mmetụta egwu mbụ ya jikọtara ya na obodo obodo ya. Egwu egwu egwu oge gboo na-adakarị ebe a n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ ndị nduzi a ma ama - L. Steinberg, N. Malko. Ndị na-egwu egwu kachasị ukwuu bịara ebe a - E. Petri, N. Milshtein, S. Kozolupov na ndị ọzọ.

Chulaki nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ọkachamara ya na Simferopol Musical College. Onye nkuzi mbụ Chulaki na nhazi bụ II Chernov, nwa akwụkwọ NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Njikọ a na-apụtachaghị ìhè na ọdịnala nke New Russian Musical School gosipụtara n'ọgụ ndị mbụ nke orchestral, nke edere n'okpuru mmetụta nke egwu Rimsky-Korsakov. Na Leningrad Conservatory, ebe Chulaki banyere na 1926, mejupụtara nkụzi mbụ bụkwa nwa akwụkwọ nke Rimsky-Korsakov, MM Chernov, na naanị mgbe ahụ ama Soviet dere VV Shcherbachev. Diplọma ọrụ nke na-eto eto dere bụ Symphony nke mbụ (nke mbụ e mere na Kislovodsk), egwu nke, dị ka onye edemede n'onwe ya, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu site na ihe oyiyi nke ọrụ symphonic nke AP Borodin, na ụlọ maka piano abụọ " Foto ndị dị na May", mechara mee ugboro ugboro site n'aka ndị pianist Soviet a ma ama na-ekwupụtalarị n'ọtụtụ ụzọ ụdị onye edemede ahụ.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na conservatory, mmasị onye na-ede egwú bụ nke kachasị mmasị na ụdị, bụ nke a tụrụ anya na ọ ga-aga nke ọma. Ugbua ballet mbụ nke Chulaki, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda (mgbe A. Pushkin, 1939 gasịrị), ọha mmadụ hụrụ ya, nwee nnukwu akwụkwọ akụkọ, na Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre (MALEGOT) gosipụtara na Moscow afọ iri nke Leningrad art. Chulaki abụọ sochiri ballet - "The Imaginary Groom" (mgbe C. Goldoni, 1946) na "Youth" (mgbe N. Ostrovsky, 1949), nke MALEGOT mekwara maka oge mbụ, e nyere USSR State Prizes (na 1949 na 1950).

Ụwa nke ihe nkiri ahapụkwala akara ya na ọrụ egwu egwu Chulaki. Nke a pụtara ìhè karịsịa na Symphony nke Abụọ ya, nke raara nye mmeri nke ndị Soviet na Great Patriotic War (1946, State Prize of the USSR - 1947), yana na usoro egwu egwu "Abụ na egwu nke Old France", ebe onye na-ede egwú na-eche n'ọtụtụ ụzọ na-eme ihe nkiri, na-emepụta ihe oyiyi mara mma, nke a na-ahụ anya. Edere Symphony nke atọ (symphony-concert, 1959) n'otu akwara ahụ, yana akụkụ egwu maka mkpokọta violin nke Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri - "Ezumike Russia", ọrụ na-egbuke egbuke nke àgwà ọma, nke nwetara ozugbo sara mbara. ewu ewu, bụ nke emere ugboro ugboro na ọkwa egwu yana na redio, dekọrọ na ndekọ gramophone.

N'ime ọrụ ndị na-ede egwú na ụdị ndị ọzọ, onye kwesịrị ibu ụzọ kwuo banyere cantata "N'akụkụ mmiri nke Volkhov", nke e kere na 1944, n'oge ọnụnọ Chulaka na Volkhov n'ihu. Ọrụ a bụ onyinye dị ịrịba ama na egwu Soviet, na-egosipụta afọ agha dị egwu.

N'ọhịa nke ụda olu na egwu egwu, ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke Chulaka bụ okirikiri nke ndị otu cappella "Lenin na anyị" na amaokwu nke M. Lisyansky, nke e dere na 1960. E mesịa, na 60-70s, onye na-ede egwú kere. ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụda olu, n'ime nke usoro okirikiri maka olu na piano "Uba" ruo n'amaokwu nke W. Whitman na "The Years Fly" gaa n'amaokwu nke Vs. Grekov.

Mmasị mgbe nile nke onye na-ede egwú na ụdị egwu egwu na ihe nkiri mere ka ọdịdị ballet ahụ pụta ìhè "Ivan the Terrible" dabere na egwu SS Prokofiev maka ihe nkiri nke otu aha ahụ. Ọ bụ Chulaki mere ihe omume na ụdị egwu nke ballet site n'usoro nke Bolshoi Theatre nke USSR, bụ ebe e debere ya na 1975, nke mere ka akụkọ ihe nkiri ahụ dịkwuo mma ma merie ndị Soviet na ndị si mba ọzọ.

Tinyere ihe okike, Chulaki lebara anya na ọrụ nkuzi. Ruo afọ iri ise, ọ na-enyefe ndị na-eto eto ihe ọmụma na ahụmahụ bara ụba: na 1933 ọ malitere izi ihe na Leningrad Conservatory (klas nke mejupụtara na ngwá ọrụ), ebe ọ bụ na 1948 aha ya nọ n'etiti ndị nkụzi na Moscow Conservatory. Ebe ọ bụ na 1962 ọ bụ onye prọfesọ na conservatory. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ya n'afọ dị iche iche bụ A. Abbasov, V. Akhmedov, N. Shakhmatov, K. Katsman, E. Krylatov, A. Nemtin, M. Reuterstein, T. Vasilyev, A. Samonov, M. Bobylev, T. Kazhgaliev, S. Zhukov, V. Belyaev na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Na klas nke Chulaka, a na-enwekarị ikuku nke ihu ọma na ezi obi. Onye nkụzi na-akpachara anya mesoo ndị kere individualities nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, na-agbalị ịzụlite ha eke ikike na organic ịdị n'otu na mmepe nke a ọgaranya ngwa agha nke oge a composing usoro. Ihe si na ya pụta ọtụtụ afọ nke pedagogical ọrụ na ngalaba nke ngwá ọrụ bụ akwụkwọ "Ngwaọrụ nke Symphony Orchestra" (1950) - kasị ewu ewu akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, nke gafeworo anọ mbipụta.

Ihe na-amasị onye na-agụ nke oge a bụ akụkọ ihe ncheta Chulaki, nke e bipụtara n'oge dị iche iche na akwụkwọ akụkọ oge na na nchịkọta monoographic pụrụ iche, banyere Yu. F. Fayer, A. Sh. Melik-Pashayev, B. Britten, LBEG Gilels, MV Yudina, II Dzerzhinsky, VV Shcherbachev na ndị ọzọ pụtara egwu egwu.

Ndụ okike nke Mikhail Ivanovich enweghị njikọ na egwu egwu na ihe omume ọha. Ọ bụ onye nduzi na onye nduzi nka nke Leningrad State Philharmonic Society (1937-1939), na 1948 ọ ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke Leningrad Union of Composers na n'otu afọ na First All-Union Congress, a họpụtara ya odeakwụkwọ nke Union of Union. Ndị na-emepụta Soviet nke USSR; na 1951 a họpụtara ya osote onye isi oche nke Kọmitii maka Arts n'okpuru Council of Minister nke USSR; na 1955 - director nke Bolshoi Theatre nke USSR; site na 1959 ruo 1963 Chulaki bụ odeakwụkwọ nke Union of Composers nke RSFSR. N'afọ 1963, ọ chịkwara Bolshoi Theatre, oge a dị ka onye nduzi na onye nduzi nkà.

N'ihi na oge nile nke ọchịchị ya, ọtụtụ ọrụ nke Soviet na mba ọzọ nkà e mere na ogbo nke ihe nkiri a na nke mbụ, gụnyere operas: "Nne" TN Khrennikov "Nikita Vershinin" site Dm. B. Kabalevsky, “Agha na Udo” na “Semyon Kotko” nke SS Prokofiev dere, “October” nke VI Muradeli, “Optimistic Tragedy” nke AN Kholminov dere, “The Taming of the Shrew” nke V. Ya. Shebalin, “Jenufa” nke L. Janachka, “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” nke B. Britten; opera-ballet The Snow Queen nke MR Rauchverger; ballets: "Leyli na Mejnun" nke SA Balasanyan, "Stone Flower" nke Prokofiev, "Icarus" nke SS Slonimsky, "The Legend of Love" nke AD Melikov, "Spartacus" nke AI Khachaturian, "Carmen suite" nke RK Shchedrin, "Assel" nke VA Vlasov, "Shurale" nke FZ Yarullin.

A hoputara MI Chulaki ka osote onye osote nke Soviet Kasị Elu nke RSFSR VI na VII convocations, bụ onye nnọchiteanya na XXIV Congress nke CPSU. Maka uru ya na mmepe nke nkà egwu Soviet, e nyere ya aha nke ndị mmadụ Artist nke RSFSR ma nye ya onyinye - Order of the Red Banner of Labour, Order of Friendship of People na Badge of Honor.

Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 29, 1989 na Moscow.

L. Sidelnikov