Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke lutes

Utetọ – ngwa egwu a tụrụ ụdọ e ji kụrie ya n’olu na ahụ nwere ụdị ube.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Lutu bụ otu n'ime ngwa egwu oge ochie, kpọmkwem ụbọchị na ebe ọdịdị ya na-amaghị nke ọma. Ihe osise nke mbụ na mbadamba ụrọ, nke yiri lute n'ụzọ na-edoghị anya, bụ akara ụbọchị n'etiti narị afọ nke abụọ BC. Ihe ndị e gwupụtara n’ala na-agba akaebe na e ji ngwá ọrụ a eme ihe na Bulgaria, Ijipt, Gris na Rom.

Ekele ndị Bulgarian, lute dị mkpụmkpụ na-ewu ewu na Balkans. Na narị afọ nke XNUMX ọ bịara gbasaa na mba Eshia, ọkachasị na Peshia na Byzantium, na narị afọ nke XNUMX Moors butere ya na Spen. N'oge na-adịghị, ngwá ọrụ na-ewu ewu n'ebe nile. Na narị afọ nke XNUMX-XNUMXth a na-egwuri egwu na Italy, Portugal na Germany.

ọdịdị

Ka ngwá ọrụ na-agbasa, ọdịdị na usoro nke ịkpọ ya gbanwere, ma ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị ka dị. A na-eji osisi eme lute. The soundboard bụ oval udi, mere nke mkpa osisi, na-emekarị spruce, nwere otu ma ọ bụ atọ ornate rosette karịa ụda oghere. A na-eji osisi siri ike mee ahụ ahụ: cherry, maple, rosewood. N'ịmepụta olu nke lute, a na-eji osisi ọkụ. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti lute na ngwá ọrụ eriri ndị ọzọ bụ na olu adịghị adabere n'elu ụda ụda, ma a na-etinye ya n'otu ọkwa ahụ.

Bilie na ewu ewu nke lute

Na Middle Ages, ngwa ahụ nwere eriri 4 ma ọ bụ 5 jikọtara ọnụ. Eji plectrum egwuri ya. Nha kacha dị iche iche. Ndị na-egwu egwu na-eji lute na-eso ya, bụ nke a na-emekarị nke ọma. Oge ahapụla akara ya na ọnụọgụ nke eriri. Na njedebe nke Renaissance, e nwere ụdọ iri jikọtara ọnụ, na ndị na-egwu baroque na-egwu egwu na iri na anọ. E nwere ngwá ọrụ nwere eriri iri na itoolu.

Narị afọ nke XNUMX ghọrọ ọla edo maka lute. Ọ ghọọla otu n'ime ngwa egwu kacha ewu ewu na Europe. N’ọtụtụ ihe osise n’oge ahụ, ndị na-ese ihe na-egosi ndị mmadụ na-akụ ùkwù. Usoro egwuregwu agbanweela. Dị ka a na-achị, a na-eji onye ogbugbo na mkpịsị aka na-egwu ya.

Na njedebe nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, mgbe a gbahapụrụ plait, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-egwu lute mụbara. Edeela ihe karịrị iberibe 400 na Europe maka ngwa egwu a. Onyinye kacha mkpa bụ Francesco Spinacino nyere. Enwekwu ohere ikwupụta, ekele maka ọrụ John Dowland.

N'oge dị iche iche, ndị na-ede egwú dị ka Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, Vincento Capirola, Karl Kohout na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dere ọrụ ha maka lute. Ndị na-ede egwú nke oge a - Vladimir Vavilov, Toekiko Sato, Maxim Zvonarev, David Nepomuk, bụkwa ndị a ma ama maka ọrụ ha.

Ebe lute na narị afọ nke XNUMX

Na narị afọ nke 1970, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe echefuru lute. Naanị ole na ole n'ime ụdị ya dị na Germany, Ukraine na na mba Scandinavian Peninsula. Na narị afọ nke XNUMX, ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu egwu si England kpebiri iweghachi ewu ewu nke lute furu efu. Onye Britain Lutenist na ọkà mmụta egwu Arnold Dolmech nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na nke a. Ugbua kemgbe XNUMX, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị otu egwu malitere ịgụnye ịkpọ lute na mmemme egwu ha. Lucas Harris, Istvan Shabo, Wendy Gillepsy jiri ọrụ sitere na Middle Ages na Baroque.