Балис Дварионас (Balys Dvarionas) |

Balys Dvarionas

B. Dvarionas, onye na-ese ihe dị iche iche, onye na-ede egwú, onye na-agụ pianist, onye nduzi, onye nkụzi, kere òkè dị ukwuu na mmepe nke omenala egwu Lithuania. Ọrụ ya nwere njikọ chiri anya na egwu ndị Lithuania. Ọ bụ ya bụ onye kpebisiri ike ịdị ụtọ nke asụsụ egwu Dvarionas, dabere na ntinye nke abụ ndị mmadụ; ịdị mfe na idoanya nke ụdị, echiche kwekọrọ; rhapsodic, ihe ngosi improvisational. Ọrụ Dvarionas nke onye na-ede egwú jikọtara ya na ihe omume ya. Na 1924 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Leipzig Conservatory na piano na R. Teichmüller, wee mee ka E. Petri kwalite. Site n'afọ nwata akwụkwọ ọ rụrụ dị ka onye na-egwu pianist, na France, Hungary, Germany, Switzerland, na Sweden.

Dvarionas welitere otu ụyọkọ kpakpando nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri - site na 1926 ọ kụziiri klas piano na Kaunas School of Music, site na 1933 - na Kaunas Conservatory. Site na 1949 ruo na njedebe nke ndụ ya ọ bụ prọfesọ na Lithuania State Conservatory. Dvarionas sokwa na-eduzi ihe. Ugbua onye nduzi tozuru okè, ọ na-eme ule na G. Abendroth na Leipzig (1939). Onye nduzi N. Malko, bụ́ onye mere njem na Kaunas ná mmalite afọ 30, kwuru banyere Dvarionas, sị: “Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke nwere ikike ebumpụta ụwa, onye na-agụ egwú na-emetụ n’ahụ́, maara ihe dị mkpa na ihe a pụrụ ịchọ n’aka òtù egwú e nyefere ya.” O siri ike ikwubiga ihe ókè nke Dvarionas dị n'ịkwalite egwu ndị ọkachamara nke mba: otu n'ime ndị nduzi Lithuania mbụ, o setịpụrụ onwe ya ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ịrụ ọrụ nke ndị na-ede egwú Lithuania ọ bụghị nanị na Lithuania, ma na mba na mba ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye mbụ na-eduzi uri symphonic "The Sea" nke MK Čiurlionis, gụnyere na mmemme nke concerts ya ọrụ nke J. Gruodis, J. Karnavičius, J. Tallat-Kelpsa, A. Raciunas na ndị ọzọ. Dvarionas rụkwara ọrụ site na ndị Russia, Soviet na ndị na-ede egwú si mba ọzọ. Na 1936, D. Shostakovich's First Symphony mere na bourgeois Lithuania n'okpuru nduzi ya. Na 1940, Dvarionas haziri ma na-eduzi Vilnius City Symphony Orchestra, na 40-50s. ọ bụ onye isi nduzi nke ndị Lithuania Philharmonic Orchestra, onye isi nduzi nke Ememme abụ Republican. “Abụ ahụ na-eme ndị mmadụ obi ụtọ. Otú ọ dị, ọṅụ na-enye ume maka ndụ, maka ọrụ okike, "Dvarionas dere mgbe ememme abụ obodo Vilnius na 1959 gasịrị. Dvarionas, onye nduzi, na ndị ọkà mmụta kasịnụ na narị afọ anyị kwurịtara okwu: S. Prokofiev, I. Hoffman, A. Rubinstein, E. Petri, E. Gilels, G. Neuhaus.

Ọrụ mbụ buru ibu nke onye na-ede egwú bụ ballet "Matchmaking" (1931). Ya na J. Gruodis, onye edemede nke ballet Jurate na Kastytis, na V. Batsevicius, bụ onye dere ballet In the Whirlwind of Dance, Dvarionas nọ na mmalite nke ụdị a na egwu Lithuania. Ihe ịrịba ama na-esote bụ “Festive Overture” (1946), nke a makwaara dị ka “Na Amber Shore”. N'ihe osise egwu egwu a, isiokwu dị egwu na-akpali akpali na-agbanwe n'ụzọ na-edoghị anya na ndị na-agụ egwu dabere na ntinye akụkọ ọdịnala.

Na emume nke 30th ncheta nke Great October Revolution, Dvarionas dere Symphony na E obere, nke mbụ Lithuania egwu egwu. A na-ekpebi ọdịnaya ya site na epigraph: “Ana m akpọ isiala nye ala nna m.” Anya nke symphonic jupụtara na ịhụnanya maka ọdịdị ala, maka ndị ya. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ isiokwu niile nke Symphony dị nso na egwu na ịgba egwu Lithuania.

Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, otu n'ime ndị kasị mma ọrụ Dvarionas pụtara - Concerto maka violin na Orchestra (1948), nke ghọrọ a ịrịba rụzuru nke mba egwú nka. Ntinye nke egwu ọkachamara Lithuania n'ime mpaghara niile-Union na mba ụwa jikọtara ya na ọrụ a. Na-emeju akwa nke Concerto n'ụdị egwu ndị mmadụ, onye na-ede egwú na-etinye n'ime ya ọdịnala nke egwu egwu egwu egwu na narị afọ nke XNUMX. Ihe mejupụtara ahụ na-adọrọ mmasị na ụtọ ụtọ, mmesapụ aka nke kaleidoscopically na-agbanwe ihe gbasara isiokwu. Akara nke Concerto doro anya ma doo anya. Dvarionas na-eji ebe a egwu ndị mmadụ bụ "Ụtụtụ Mgbụsị akwụkwọ" na "Beer, Beer" (nke abụọ bụ onye dere ya n'onwe ya).

N'afọ 1950, Dvarionas, ya na onye na-ede egwú bụ I. Svyadas, degaara okwu A. Venclova bụ́ National Anthem nke Lithuania SSR. Ụdị egwu egwu egwu bụ ọrụ atọ ọzọ nọchitere anya n'ọrụ Dvarionas. Ndị a bụ concertos 2 maka ngwa piano kacha amasị ya (1960, 1962) na Concerto maka mpi na ndị egwu egwu (1963). Ihe nkiri piano nke mbụ bụ ihe na-emetụ n'ahụ nke a raara nye na ncheta afọ 20 nke Soviet Lithuania. Ihe gbasara isiokwu nke concerto bụ nke mbụ, akụkụ 4 nke, maka ọdịiche ha niile, jikọtara ya na isiokwu ndị metụtara ya dabere na ihe akụkọ ifo. Yabụ, na akụkụ nke 1 na n'ikpeazụ, ebumnobi gbanwere nke egwu ndị Lithuania "Oh, ọkụ na-ere ọkụ" na-ada. Ngwa egwu mara mma nke ihe mejupụtara ahụ na-ewepụ akụkụ piano solo. Ngwakọta timbre na-emepụta ihe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na akụkụ nke atọ nke egwu egwu, piano na-ada ụda na-emegiderịta onwe ya na duet nwere mpi French. Na concerto, onye na-ede egwú na-eji usoro ngosi kachasị amasị ya - rhapsody, nke a na-egosipụta nke ọma na mmepe nke isiokwu nke 3st ije. Ihe mejupụtara ya nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke agwa egwu-ụdị, na-echetara sutartines folk.

Edere egwu egwu piano nke abụọ maka soloist na ụlọ egwu egwu, a raara ya nye ndị ntorobịa, onye nwere ọdịnihu. N'afọ 1954, n'afọ iri nke akwụkwọ na nkà nke Lithuania na Moscow, e mere Dvarionas cantata "Ekele na Moscow" (na St. T. Tilvitis) maka baritone, ndị na-abụ abụ na ndị òtù egwú. Ọrụ a ghọrọ ụdị nkwadebe maka naanị opera nke Dvarionas - "Dalia" (1958), nke e dere na nkata nke ihe nkiri B. Sruoga "The Predawn Share" (libre. I. Matskonis). The opera dabeere a ibé si akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Lithuania ndị mmadụ - obi ọjọọ emenyụ ọgba aghara nke Samogitian nkịtị na 1769. Isi agwa nke a akụkọ ihe mere eme kwaaji, Dalia Radailaite, nwụrụ, na-ahọrọ ọnwụ ka ịgba ohu.

“Mgbe ị na-ege egwu Dvarionas, ị na-enwe mmetụta dị ịtụnanya nke onye na-ede egwú batara n'ime mkpụrụ obi nke ndị ya, ọdịdị ala ya, akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, na oge dị ugbu a. Ọ dị ka a ga - asị na obi nke Lithuania gosipụtara ihe kachasị mkpa na mmekọrịta chiri anya site na egwu nke onye na-ede egwú ya kacha nwee nkà… Dvarionas n'ụzọ ziri ezi bigidere ya pụrụ iche na ebe dị ịrịba ama na egwu Lithuania. Ọrụ ya abụghị naanị ego ọla edo nke nka nke mba. Ọ na-achọ omenala egwú Soviet mba dị iche iche mma. " (E. Svetlanov).

N. Aleksenko