Стнислав Монюшко (Stanisław Moniuszko) |

Stanisław Moniuszko

Onye na-ede Polish pụtara ìhè bụ S. Moniuszko bụ onye mepụtara opera oge gboo na egwu olu ọnụ ụlọ. Ọrụ ya na-etinye aka na njirimara njirimara nke egwu ndị mmadụ nke Poles, Ukrainians na Belarusians. Kemgbe ọ bụ nwata, Moniuszko nwere ohere ịmara akụkọ ifo nke ndị Slav. Nne na nna ya hụrụ nka n'anya, nwee nkà nka dị iche iche. Nne ya kụziiri nwa nwoke egwu, nna ya bụ onye na-amu amu. A na-emekarị ihe omume ụlọ, na ịhụnanya Stanislav maka ihe nkiri ahụ, bụ nke sitere na nwata, gafere ndụ ya dum.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 8, Moniuszko gara Warsaw - afọ ọmụmụ na-amalite. Ọ na-enweta nkuzi site na organist na pianist A. Freyer. N'afọ 1830, Stanislav kwagara Minsk, bụ ebe ọ banyere na mgbatị ahụ ma mụọ ihe mejupụtara ya na D. Stefanovich, na n'okpuru nduzi ya, o mesịrị kpebie ịhọrọ egwu dịka ọrụ ya.

Moniuszko gụchara akwụkwọ egwu ya na Berlin, na Sing Academy (1837-40). Ọ na-eji ndị ukwe na ndị egwu egwu na-arụ ọrụ ahụ, na-enweta nkọwa zuru ezu nke omenala egwu (nke bụ operatic) nke Europe. N'ime afọ ndị a, ndị mbụ nọọrọ onwe ọrụ pụtara: a uka, 2 eriri quartets, atọ songs on St. A. Mickiewicz, egwu maka mmemme. N'afọ 1840-58. Moniuszko bi na Vilna (Vilnius). N'ebe a, n'ebe dị anya site na nnukwu ụlọ egwu egwu, a na-ekpughe talent ya dị iche iche. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye nhazi nke Ụka St. Otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ onye Russia na-ede egwú C. Cui, otu n'ime ndị sonyere na Mighty Handful. N'agbanyeghị nnukwu nsogbu ego, Moniuszko so ya rụọ ọrụ n'efu. Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nke onye na-ede egwú gosipụtara onwe ya na ụdị egwu na ịhụnanya. N'afọ 1841, e bipụtara akwụkwọ egwu mbụ Moniuszko (enwere 12 na mkpokọta). Egwu ndị e mepụtara na Vilna kwadoro ụdị nke operas ya n'ọdịnihu.

Ihe kacha arụ ọrụ Moniuszko bụ opera Pebble. Nke a bụ akụkọ jọgburu onwe ya banyere otu nwa agbọghọ onye ọrụ ugbo, nke nwa amadi ama ama ghọgburu. Obi eziokwu na ikpo ọkụ nke egwu ahụ, ịba ọgaranya mere ka opera a bụrụ ewu ewu karịsịa ma hụ ya n'anya nke ndị Poland. Edebere "Pebble" na Vilna na 1848. Ihe ịga nke ọma ya mere ka a ma ama na mpaghara mpaghara ozugbo. Ma naanị afọ 10 ka e mesịrị, opera na a ọhụrụ, budata mma version e haziri na Warsaw. Ụbọchị mmepụta a (January 1, 1858) ka a na-ewere dịka ọmụmụ nke opera oge gboo nke Polish.

Na 1858, Moniuszko gara mba ọzọ na Germany, France, na Czech Republic (mgbe ọ nọ na Weimar, ọ gara leta F. Liszt). N'otu oge ahụ, a kpọrọ onye na-ede egwú òkù ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Belki Theatre (Warsaw), nke o jigidere ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị ya. Ke adianade do, Moniuszko bụ prọfesọ na Musical Institute (1864-72), ebe ọ na-akụzi ọmụmụ na mejupụtara, nkwekọ na counterpoint (n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ onye dere Z. Noskovsky). Moniuszko bụkwa onye odee nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Piano na akwụkwọ nkwekọ.

Ihe ngosi ugboro ugboro na ihe nkiri odee na St. Petersburg mere Moniuszko nso na ndị na-ede egwú Rọshịa - ọ bụ enyi M. Gliyaki na A. Dargomyzhsky. Ihe kacha mma na ọrụ Moniuszko jikọtara ya na ụdị ndị ahụ nke nnukwu Polish kpochapụwo F. Chopin emetụghị ma ọ bụ na-enwetaghị nnukwu mmepe n'aka ya - ya na opera na egwu. Moniuszko kere operas iri na ise. Na mgbakwunye na Pebbles, ọrụ ya kachasị mma gụnyere The Enchanted Castle (The Terrible Yard - 15). Moniuszko na-atụgharịkarị na opera na-atọ ọchị (Yavnuta, The Timber Rafter), ballet (gụnyere Monte Cristo), operetta, egwu maka ihe nkiri (W. Shakespeare's Hamlet, The Robbers) F. Schiller, vaudeville nke A. Fredro). Na-adọtakarị onye na-ede egwú na ụdị nke cantata ("Milda", "Niola"). N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, e kere 1865 cantatas na okwu A. Mickiewicz: "Ghosts" (dabere na uri dị egwu "Dzyady"), "Crimean Sonnets" na "Nwaanyị Tvardovskaya". Moniuszko webakwara otu mba n'ime egwu ụka (3 masses, 6 "Ostrobramsky litanies"), tọrọ ntọala maka symphonism Polish (mmemme overtures "Fairy Tale", "Cain", wdg). Onye na-ede egwú dekwara egwu piano, nke ezubere karịsịa maka ịme egwu ụlọ: polonaises, mazurkas, waltzes, akwụkwọ ndetu 4 nke iberibe "Trinkets".

Ma karịsịa ihe dị mkpa, yana operatic creativity, bụ ihe mejupụtara nke abụ (c. 400), nke onye na-ede egwú jikọtara n'ime nchịkọta - "Akwụkwọ Abụ Ụlọ". Aha ha na-ekwu maka onwe ya: nke a bụ egwu nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị, nke e kere ọ bụghị naanị maka ndị ọkachamara, kamakwa maka ndị hụrụ egwu egwu. Anaghị m eke ihe ọhụrụ. Ka m na-eme njem na mba ndị Poland, mmụọ nke abụ ndị mmadụ juru m. Site na ha, megidere ọchịchọ m, mkpali na-abata n'ime ihe m niile. N'okwu ndị a Moniuszko na-ekpughe ihe nzuzo nke "mmekọrịta mmadụ" dị ịtụnanya nke egwu ya.

K. Zenkin

Ngwakọta:

opera - Ezigbo (Ideal, 1841), Carmagnola (Karmaniol, 1840), odo odo (Zulta szlafmyca, ca. 1842), Mmiri dị ebube (Woda cudowna, 1840s), Rural idyll (Sielanka, 1843, Spanish 1852), Pebbles. ., 1, Vilnius, nke abụọ , 1848), Castle Enchanted (Egwu Yard; Straszny dwur, 2), Pariah (Paria, 1858); operetta – Lọtrị (Loteria, 1843, Minsk; 1846, Warsaw), mbanye (Pobur rekrutуw, 1842), ọgụ ndị egwu (Walka muzykуw, 1840s), Yavnuta, ma ọ bụ Gypsies (mbipụta mbụ n'okpuru aha Gypsies – Cyga, 1 post 1850). , Vilnius, mbipụta nke abụọ n'okpuru aha Yavnuta, 1852, Warsaw), Beata (melodrama, 2, Warsaw); ballet – Monte Cristo (1866), Ichere (Na kwaterunku, 1868), Aghụghọ Setan (Figle szatana, 1870); egwu ballet maka operas The Merry Wives of Windsor nke O. Nicholas na The Bronze Horse nke D. Aubert dere; maka orchestra - Overtures Tale (Akụkọ Winter; Bajka, Conte d'hiver, 1848), Ken, ma ọ bụ Ọnwụ Abel (1856), Agha Agha, ma ọ bụ Hụrụ n'anya Hetman (Uwertura wojenna albo Kochanka hetmanska, 1857), Concert Polonaise (Polonez koncertowy) ; maka olu na egwu egwu - cantatas Milda (1848), Niola (1852), Krumine (anaghị emecha, 1852) - na-esote. Yu. Kraszewski, Madonna (1856), Ghosts (Widma, 1865), Crimean Sonnets (Sonety krymskie, 1868), Pani Tvardovskaya (1869), 6 masses (gụnyere Petrovinskaya), 4 Ostrobramsky litanies (Litanie ostrobramskie -1843); ọnụ ụlọ instrumental ensembles - 2 eriri. quartet (ruo mgbe 1840); maka piano (ihe dị ka egwuregwu 50) - Baubles (Fraszki, akwụkwọ ndetu 2 nke egwuregwu, 1843), 6 polonaises, waltzes, mazurkas; maka akụkụ – Abụ nke ụka anyị (Piesni naszego kosciola), ukwe, wok. kpọkọta; maka olu na piano - St. 400 abụ; egwu maka ihe nkiri ihe nkiri - maka vaudeville: A. Fredro "N'abalị na Apennines" (1839), "The New Don Quixote, ma ọ bụ otu narị Madness" (1842, post. 1923), na post. "Hamlet" na "Onye ahịa nke Venice" nke Shakespeare, "Ndị na-apụnara mmadụ ihe" nke Schiller, "Carpathian Highlanders" nke Kozhenevsky, "Lilly Venedy" nke Y. Slovatsky dere.