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Ihe ndekọ phonogram - ụlọ ọrụ ọkachamara na nchịkọta na nchekwa nke ụda olu mbụ. ndekọ, isi nyocha. na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba akụkọ ifo, linguistics, tụnyere. musicology na ndị ọzọ na sayensị. ọzụzụ metụtara ngbanwe, ọmụmụ na mbipụta nke phonographic. ihe ndekọ. A kwalitere okike F. site na mgbasa ozi sara mbara site n'ịnyịnya. Ihe ndekọ phonographic nke narị afọ nke 19 na ebumnuche sayensị, mkpa maka nhazi ha. Ná mmalite, e bu n’obi F. ka e were phonograph chekwaa phonograph wax e dekọrọ. rollers . Site na mmepe nke ụdị ọhụrụ nke ndekọ ụda, a malitere iji ụdị ụda ndị ọzọ mejupụta phonographs (tepe magnetik na diski gramophone).

Ọtụtụ pụtara. ikike mba ofesi: ikike nke Austrian Academy of Sciences (Phonogrammarchiv der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften), tọrọ ntọala na 1899 na Vienna na ụzọ nke Z. Exner.

F. na Berlin Psychological. Institute (Phonogrammarchiv am psychologischen Institut), tọrọ ntọala na 1900 na ụzọ nke K. Stumpf. Na 1906-33 E. von Hornbostel bụ onye ndu ya. O nwere nchịkọta ndekọ egwu kacha baa ọgaranya. akụkọ ifo nke Asia, Africa na Lat. America. Nchịkọta nke ndekọ ụda nke mba Prussian. Ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Berlin (Lautabteilung der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek).

Ọbá akwụkwọ egwu nke Paris Anthropological Museum. ob-va (Musye phonétique de la Société d Anthropologie, kemgbe 1911 – Musée de la Parole), nke a na-anakọta ihe ndekọ nke A. Gilman mere.

Archives of Folk and Primitive Music na Research Center for Anthropology, Folklore and Linguistics (Indiana State University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA). Isi na 1921.

Na USSR F. Nar. E guzobere egwu na 1927 na Leningrad. Ọ dabeere na nchịkọta nke phonographic ndekọ (mpịakọta 528 na 1700 songs e dekọrọ) mere EV Gippius na ZV Evald (na òkè nke philologists AM Astakhova na NP Kolpakova) n'oge njem na Russian. Ugwu (1926-30). Na 1931 F. zigara na usoro nke Academy of Sciences nke USSR. N'afọ 1932, a na-ejikọta mkpokọta niile gara aga nwere ndekọ muses na ya. akụkọ ifo, gụnyere Musical na Ethnographic Commission (mkpokọta EE Lineva - 432 rollers na ndekọ nke songs si Novgorod, Vologda, Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir na Poltava ógbè, akụkọ ifo nke ndị Yugoslavia), nchịkọta nke Museum nke Russian. nar. abụ nye ha. ME Pyatnitsky (400 rollers), ọba akwụkwọ abụ (100 rollers), ọbá akwụkwọ nke USSR Academy of Sciences, yana ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Oriental Studies, Linguistics, Museum of Ethnography nke USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad. . conservatories, wdg Ebe ọ bụ na 1938 F. (Central Ethnomusicological Academy of Sciences nke USSR) - ngalaba inyeaka nke Institute of Rus. Akwụkwọ nke Academy of Sciences nke USSR (Pushkin House, Leningrad). Na nchịkọta ya (na-ebi otu n'ime ebe mbụ n'etiti phonorepositories nke ụwa) enwere ihe ruru. 70 puku ndenye (dị ka nke 1979), gụnyere akụkọ ifo nke ihe karịrị 100 mba nke USSR na ná mba ọzọ. Mba ndị dị na ndekọ kemgbe 1894 (nchịkọta kachasị mkpa bụ Russian).

Dabere na ihe F. e bipụtara: Songs of Pinezhia, akwụkwọ. 2, Akụrụngwa nke Phonogram Archive, nke EV Gippius na ZV Ewald chịkọtara ma mepụta, n'okpuru nchịkọta akụkọ izugbe nke. EV Gippius. Moscow, 1937; Epics of the North, vol. 1, Mezen na Pechora. Ndekọ, mmalite. Art. na ikwu okwu. AM Astakhova, M.-L., 1938; Abụ ndị mmadụ nke mpaghara Vologda. Sat. ndekọ ụda olu, ed. EV Gippius na ZV Evald. Leningrad, 1938; Egwu ndị Belarusian, ed. ZV Ewald. M.-L., 1941; Egwú ndị Russia e dekọrọ na Leningrad. mpaghara, ed. AM Astakhova na FA Rubtsova. L.-M., 1950; Abụ ndị mmadụ Mari, ed. V. Koukalya, L.-M., 1951; Abụ nke Pechora, ed. NP Kolpakova, FV Sokolov, BM Dobrovolsky, M.-L., 1963; Akụkọ ifo nke Mezen, ed. NP Kolpakova, BM Dobrovolsky, VV Korguzalov, VV Mitrofanov. Leningrad, 1967; Abụ na Akụkọ Ebe Pushkin. Akụkọ ifo nke mpaghara Gorky, ed. VI Eremina, VN Morokhin, MA Lobanova, vol. 1, L., 1979.

References: Paskhalov V., Na mbipụta nke phonographic ndekọ nke songs na Central song Library, n'akwụkwọ: Proceedings of HYMN. Sat. Ọrụ nke ngalaba Ethnographic, vol. 1, M., 1926; Ihe ndekọ nke Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Sat., (vol. 1), L., 1933, p. 195-98; "Soviet Ethnography", 1935, Nke 2, 3; Minchenko A., Central phono-photo-film Archive nke USSR, "Azụmahịa Archive", 1935, Ọ dịghị 3 (36); Gippius EV, Phonogram-nchekwa nke Folklore Nkebi nke Institute of Anthropology, Ethnography na Archaeology nke Academy of Sciences nke USSR, na nchịkọta: Soviet folklore No 4-5, M.-L., 1936; Magid SD, Ndepụta nke mkpokọta nke phonogram-Archive nke Folklore Nkebi nke Institute of Archaeology na Ethnography nke USSR Academy of Sciences, ibid .; Afọ 50 nke Ụlọ Pushkin, M.-L., 1956 (ch. - nkà ndị mmadụ); Katalog der Tonbandaufnahmen… des Phonogrammarchives der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaft na Wien, W., 1960 (ya na okwu mmalite nke F. Wild na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke okike nke F. na ndepụta nke akwụkwọ Vienna F. maka 1900-1960, Mba Mba 1-80).

AT Tevosyan