Alexander Nikolaevich Kholminov (Alexander Kholminov) |

Alexander Kholminov

Ọrụ nke A. Kholminov aghọwo nke a maara nke ọma na mba anyị na ná mba ọzọ. Ma nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya, ebe ọ bụ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ọrụ ya, ma ọ bụrụ abụ, opera, a symphony, na-amasị mmadụ, na-eme ka ọmịiko na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Ezi obi nke nkwupụta ahụ, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-eme ka onye na-ege ntị ghara ikweta na mgbagwoju anya nke asụsụ egwu, ihe ndabere miri emi bụ abụ mbụ Russian. "N'ọnọdụ niile, egwu ga-emeri n'ọrụ," ka onye na-ede egwú na-ekwu. "Usoro nkà na ụzụ dị mkpa, n'ezie, ma m na-ahọrọ iche echiche. Echiche egwu ọhụrụ bụ ụkọ kachasị ukwuu, na, n'uche nke m, ọ dabere na mmalite ụda olu.

A mụrụ Kholminov n'ime ezinụlọ na-arụ ọrụ. Afọ nwata ya dabara na oge siri ike, nke na-emegiderịta onwe ya, mana maka nwata ahụ, ndụ nwata ahụ na-emeghe n'akụkụ ihe okike ya, na nke kachasị mkpa, enwere mmasị na egwu egwu n'oge. Akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ maka egwu egwu nwere afọ ojuju site na redio, nke pụtara n'ụlọ na mmalite 30s, bụ nke na-agbasa ọtụtụ egwu oge ochie, karịsịa opera Russia. N'ime afọ ndị ahụ, ekele na redio, ọ na-aghọta dị ka a kpere concert, na mgbe e mesịrị ghọrọ Kholminov akụkụ nke ihe nkiri arụmọrụ. Mmetụta ọzọ siri ike bụ ihe nkiri ụda na, karịa ihe niile, eserese a ma ama Chapaev. Ònye maara, ma eleghị anya, ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị, mmasị nwata kpaliri onye na-ede egwú na opera Chapaev (dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke otu aha D. Furmanov na screenplay nke ụmụnna Vasiliev).

Na 1934, ọmụmụ malitere na music ụlọ akwụkwọ na Baumansky district nke Moscow. N'ezie, aghaghị m ime ya n'ejighị ngwá egwú, ebe ọ bụ na e nweghị ego iji zụta ya. Ndị nne na nna egbochighị mmasị nke egwu egwu, ma ha na-eche banyere enweghị onwe ha nke onye na-agụ egwú n'ọdịnihu na-etinye aka na ya, mgbe ụfọdụ na-echefu ihe ọ bụla ọzọ. N'ịbụ onye na-amaghị banyere usoro nke ịmepụta, Sasha, bụ nwa akwụkwọ, dere opera mbụ ya, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda, nke furu efu n'oge agha ahụ, na iji hazie ya, ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ F n'onwe ya. Ntuziaka Gevart maka akụrụngwa dabara na mberede n'aka ya.

Na 1941, klaasị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ kwụsịrị. N'ihi na oge ụfọdụ Kholminov-arụ ọrụ na Military Academy. Frunze na akụkụ egwu, na 1943 ọ banyere ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu na Moscow Conservatory, na 1944 ọ banyere conservatory na klas nke mejupụtara nke An. Alexandrov, mgbe ahụ E. Golubev. Mmepe okike nke onye na-ede ihe na-aga n'ihu ngwa ngwa. Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na ndị na-agụ egwú na-eme ihe nkiri ya ugboro ugboro, a na-anụkwa piano preludes na "Cossack Song", bụ ndị natara ihe nrite mbụ na asọmpi Conservatory, na redio.

Kholminov gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Conservatory na 1950 na symphonic poem "The Young Guard", nabatara ozugbo na Union of Composers, na n'oge na-adịghị, ezigbo ihe ịga nke ọma na amara bịara ya. Na 1955, o dere "Abụ Lenin" (na stanza nke Yu. Kamenetsky), nke D. Kabalevsky kwuru banyere ya, sị: "N'uche nke m, Kholminov nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na mbụ art zuru ezu ọrụ a raara nye onyinyo nke onye ndú." Ihe ịga nke ọma kpebisiri ike na ntụziaka nke imepụta ihe na-esote - otu otu onye na-ede egwú na-emepụta egwu. Ma nrọ nke opera biri na mkpụrụ obi ya, na, mgbe ọ jụrụ ọtụtụ ihe na-enye ọnwụnwa sitere na Mosfilm, onye na-ede egwú na-arụ ọrụ maka afọ 5 na opera Optimistic Tragedy (dabere na egwuregwu Vs. Vishnevsky), na-emecha ya na 1964. Site na mgbe ahụ, opera ghọrọ onye na-eduga genre na ọrụ nke Kholminov. Ruo 1987, e kere 11 n'ime ha, na n'ime ha nile, onye na-ede egwú tụgharịrị gaa na isiokwu mba, na-adọta ha n'ọrụ nke ndị edemede Russia na Soviet. "Ahụrụ m akwụkwọ ndị Russia n'anya nke ukwuu maka omume ọma ya, usoro omume ya, izu okè nka, echiche, omimi ya. Agụrụ m okwu Gogol bara uru na ọla edo,” ka onye dere ya kwuru.

Na opera, a na-achọpụta njikọ na omenala nke ụlọ akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Russia. Ndị Russia na-atụgharị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba ahụ ("Optimistic Tragedy, Chapaev"), nsogbu nke Russian tragic mmata nke ndụ (B. Asafiev) site akara aka nke àgwà mmadụ site n'otu n'otu, psychological anya ("The. Brothers Karamazov" nke F. Dostoevsky, "The Overcoat" nke N Gogol, "Vanka, Wedding" nke A. Chekhov, "Twelfth Series" nke V. Shukshin) - dị otú ahụ na-elekwasị anya nke Kholminov si operatic ọrụ. Na 1987 o dere opera "Steelworkers" (dabere na egwuregwu nke otu aha G. Bokarev). "Onwe mmasị ọkachamara bilitere iji nwaa itinye isiokwu mmepụta ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ihe nkiri egwu."

Na-amị mkpụrụ nke ukwuu maka onye na-ede egwú bụ mmekorita ogologo oge na Moscow Chamber Musical Theatre na onye nduzi nkà ya B. Pokrovsky, nke malitere na 1975 site na mmepụta nke abụọ operas dabeere na Gogol - "The Overcoat" na "ụgbọala". Azụlitere ahụmahụ Kholminov na ọrụ nke ndị na-ede egwú Soviet ndị ọzọ ma kpalie mmasị na ụlọ ihe nkiri ụlọ. "Nye m, Kholminov kacha m nso dị ka onye na-ede egwú na-ede operas ụlọ," ka Pokrovsky na-ekwu. “Ihe dị oké ọnụ ahịa karịsịa bụ na ọ na-edeghị ha n’usoro, kama ọ bụ n’uche ya. Ya mere, eleghị anya, ọrụ ndị ahụ ọ na-enye ihe nkiri anyị na-abụkarị ndị mbụ. The director nnọọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi hụrụ isi atụmatụ nke na-ede ihe okike ọdịdị, onye ahịa bụ mgbe mkpụrụ obi ya. “Ekwesịrị m ikweta na nke a bụ ọrụ m ga-ederịrị ugbu a. M na-agbalị ka m ghara imegharị onwe m, ọ bụghị imeghachi onwe m, mgbe ọ bụla m na-achọ ụdị ụda ụda ndị ọzọ. Agbanyeghị, m na-eme nke a naanị dịka mkpa nke ime m siri dị. Na mbụ, e nwere ọchịchọ maka nnukwu frescoes egwu egwu, mgbe ahụ, echiche nke ụlọ opera, nke na-enye ohere ka mmadụ banye n'ime omimi nke mkpụrụ obi mmadụ, masịrị ya. Naanị mgbe ọ bụ okenye ka o dere egwu egwu mbụ ya, mgbe ọ chere na ọ dị mkpa na-enweghị ike ikwupụta onwe ya n'ụdị symphonic bụ isi. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ tụgharịrị gaa na ụdị nke quartet (enwekwara mkpa!)

N'ezie, symphony na ụlọ-instrumental music, na mgbakwunye na nke onye ọrụ, pụtara na ọrụ nke Kholminov na 7080. Ndị a bụ 3 symphonies (First - 1973; Nke abụọ, raara nye nna ya - 1975; Nke atọ, na nsọpụrụ nke 600th ncheta nke "Agha Kulikovo" - 1977), "Greeting Overture" (1977), "Festive Poem" ( 1980), Concert-symphony maka ọjà na eriri (1978), Concerto for cello and chamber choir (1980), 3 string quartets (1980, 1985, 1986) na ndị ọzọ. Kholminov nwere egwu maka ihe nkiri, ọtụtụ olu na ọrụ egwu, ọmarịcha " Album ụmụaka" maka piano.

Kholminov abụghị nanị na ọrụ ya. Ọ nwere mmasị na akwụkwọ, eserese, ihe owuwu, na-adọta nkwurịta okwu na ndị ọrụ dị iche iche. Onye na-ede egwú na-achọ ihe okike mgbe nile, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ihe ọhụrụ - na njedebe nke 1988, Music for Strings na Concerto grosso maka ụlọ ndị egwu egwu agwụla. O kwenyere na ọ bụ naanị ọrụ okike siri ike kwa ụbọchị na-eme ka mmụọ nsọ pụta, na-eweta ọṅụ nke nchọpụta nka.

O. Averyanova