Tikhon Khrennikov |

Tikhon Khrennikov

"Gịnị ka m na-ede banyere ya? Banyere ịhụnanya nke ndụ. Ahụrụ m ndụ n'anya n'ihe ngosi ya niile ma nwee ekele dị ukwuu maka ụkpụrụ na-akwado ndụ n'ime ndị mmadụ. " N'okwu ndị a - àgwà bụ isi nke àgwà nke onye na-ede egwú Soviet dị ịrịba ama, pianist, onye isi ọha na eze.

Egwu bụ nrọ m mgbe niile. Mmezu nke nrọ a malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata, mgbe onye na-ede egwú n'ọdịnihu bi na nne na nna ya na ọtụtụ ụmụnna nwoke na ụmụnna nwanyị (ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ, nke iri n'ime ezinụlọ) na Yelets. N'ezie, klaasị egwú n'oge ahụ bụ ihe a na-atụghị anya ya. Ọmụmụ ọkachamara siri ike malitere na Moscow, na 1929 na College Music. Gnesins na M. Gnesin na G. Litinsky wee gaa n'ihu na Moscow Conservatory na klas nke mejupụtara V. Shebalin (1932-36) na na klas piano nke G. Neuhaus. Mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ, Khrennikov kere ya First Piano Concerto (1933) na First Symphony (1935), bụ nke nwetara nkwenye otu nke ndị na-ege ntị na ndị ọkachamara ọkachamara ozugbo. "Ahụhụ, ọṅụ, nhụjuanya na obi ụtọ" - nke a bụ otú onye na-ede egwú n'onwe ya si akọwa echiche nke Symphony mbụ, na mmalite nke ndụ a ghọrọ akụkụ bụ isi nke egwu ya, nke na-echekwa mmetụta ntorobịa nke zuru oke. ọbara nke ịbụ. Ihe nkiri pụtara ìhè nke onyonyo egwu dị na egwu egwu a bụ ihe ọzọ e ji mara ụdị onye na-agụ egwú, bụ nke kpebisiri ike n'ọdịnihu inwe mmasị mgbe nile n'ụdị ogbo egwu. (Na biography nke Khrennikov e nwere ọbụna ... a ime ihe ngosi! Na film duziri Y. Raizman "The Train na-aga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ" (1947), ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke Sailor.) Khrennikov mpụta mbụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri mere. ebe na Moscow Ụlọ ihe nkiri maka Ụmụaka, N. Sats eduzi (play "Mick, 1934), ma ezi ihe ịga nke ọma bịara mgbe na Ụlọ ihe nkiri. E. Vakhtangov mere ihe ọchị site na V. Shakespeare "Much Ado About Nothing" (1936) na egwu Khrennikov.

Ọ bụ n'ọrụ a ka e bu ụzọ pụta ìhè n'ụzọ zuru ezu onyinye ụtọ nke onye na-ede egwú, bụ isi ihe nzuzo nke egwu ya. Egwu ndị a na-eme ebe a ghọrọ ndị ewu ewu na-enweghị atụ ozugbo. Na na-esote ọrụ maka ihe nkiri na sinima, ọhụrụ songs pụtara mgbe niile, bụ ndị na-abanye ozugbo na ndụ kwa ụbọchị ma ka na-efunari ha amara. "Abụ nke Moscow", "Dị ka nightingale banyere rose", "ụgbọ mmiri", "Lullaby nke Svetlana", "Gịnị na-ewute obi", "March nke ogbunigwe" - ndị a na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ songs nke Khrennikov malitere. ndụ ha na ihe ngosi na ihe nkiri.

Song ghọrọ ntọala nke ụdị egwu onye dere ya, ihe nkiri na-ekpebikwa ụkpụrụ nke mmepe egwu. A na-agbanwe isiokwu egwu egwu-ihe oyiyi na ọrụ ya ngwa ngwa, na-erube isi n'iwu nke ụdị dị iche iche - ma ọ bụ opera, ballet, symphony, concert. Ikike a na ụdị metamorphoses dị otú ahụ na-akọwa njirimara dị otú ahụ nke ọrụ Khrennikov dị ka nlọghachi ugboro ugboro n'otu nkata ahụ na, ya mere, egwu na ụdị dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dabere na egwu maka egwuregwu "Much Ado About Nothing", ihe nkiri egwu egwu "Much Ado About ... Hearts" (1972) na ballet "Ịhụnanya Maka Ịhụnanya" (1982) ka emepụtara; egwu maka egwu egwu "A ogologo oge gara aga" (1942) pụtara na fim "The Hussar's Ballad" (1962) na ballet nke otu aha (1979); A na-eji egwu maka ihe nkiri ahụ Duenna (1978) mee ihe na opera-musical Dorothea (1983).

Otu n'ime ụdị kacha nso na Khrennikov bụ egwu egwu. Nke a bụ ihe okike, n'ihi na onye na-ede egwú na-ahụ n'anya egwuregwu, ọchị, dị mfe na n'ụzọ nkịtị na-esonyere n'ọnọdụ ndị na-atọ ọchị, na-eme ka ha mara mma, dị ka a ga-asị na ọ na-akpọ onye ọ bụla ka ha kesaa ọṅụ nke ntụrụndụ na ịnakwere ọnọdụ nke egwuregwu ahụ. Otú ọ dị, n'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-atụgharịkarị na isiokwu ndị dị anya na nanị ihe ọchị. Ya mere. libertto nke operetta Otu narị Ekwensu na Otu Nwanyị (1963) gbadoro ụkwụ na ihe ndị sitere na ndụ ndị otu okpukpere chi. Echiche nke opera The Golden Calf (dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke otu aha nke I. Ilf na E. Petrov) na-ekwughachi nsogbu ndị siri ike nke oge anyị; mmalite ya mere na 1985.

Ọbụna mgbe ọ na-amụ na conservatory, Khrennikov nwere echiche dee ihe opera na mgbanwe isiokwu. Ọ rụrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị, na-eke a ụdị ogbo trilogy: opera Into Storm (1939) dabeere na ibé nke N. Virta si akwụkwọ akụkọ. "Onwu owu ọmụma" banyere ihe omume nke mgbanwe, "Nne" dị ka M. Gorky (1957), egwu egwu "White Night" (1967), bụ ebe ndụ Russia na eve nke Great October Socialist Revolution na-egosi na mgbagwoju anya. interweaving nke ihe omume.

Tinyere ụdị egwu egwu egwu, egwu egwu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ Khrennikov. Ọ bụ onye dere egwu atọ (1935, 1942, 1974), piano atọ (1933, 1972, 1983), violin abụọ (1959, 1975), cello abụọ (1964, 1986) concertos. Ụdị nke concerto ahụ na-adọtakarị onye na-ede egwú ma na-egosi ya na nzube mbụ ya - dị ka asọmpi na-akpali akpali n'etiti ndị soloist na ndị egwú, na nso ihe nkiri nke Khrennikov hụrụ n'anya. Usoro ochichi onye kwuo uche ya dị na ụdị ahụ dabara na ebumnuche nka nke onye edemede, bụ onye na-agba mbọ mgbe niile ịgwa ndị mmadụ okwu n'ụdị dị iche iche. Otu n'ime ụdị ndị a bụ ọrụ pianistic egwu, nke malitere na June 21, 1933 n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Ukwu nke Moscow Conservatory ma na-aga n'ihu kemgbe ihe karịrị ọkara narị afọ. N'oge ntorobịa ya, dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na conservatory, Khrennikov dere n'otu n'ime akwụkwọ ozi ya: "Ugbu a, ha etinyela uche n'ịkwalite ọkwa omenala ... Achọrọ m ime ... nnukwu ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ntụziaka a."

Okwu ahụ mechara bụrụ amụma. Na 1948, Khrennikov hoputara General, ebe 1957 - First Secretary nke Board nke Union of Composers nke USSR.

Tinyere nnukwu ọrụ mmekọrịta ya, Khrennikov kụziiri ọtụtụ afọ na Conservatory Moscow (ebe 1961). Ọ dị ka onye na-agụ egwú a na-ebi ndụ n’oge pụrụ iche, na-agbasa ókèala ya na-adịghị agwụ agwụ ma na-ejupụta ya n’ọtụtụ ihe ndị siri ike iche n’echiche n’ókè nke ndụ mmadụ.

O. Averyanova