Max Reger |

Max Reger

Reger bụ akara nke oge, àkwà mmiri n'etiti narị afọ. E. Otto

Ndụ dị mkpirikpi okike nke onye na-agụ egwú German pụtara ìhè - onye na-ede egwú, onye na-agụ egwú, onye nduzi, onye na-ahụ maka organist, onye nkụzi na onye na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri - M. Reger mere na ntụgharị nke narị afọ nke XNUMX-XNUMXth. N'ịbụ onye malitere ọrụ ya na nka n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na ịhụnanya ịhụnanya n'oge, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'okpuru mmetụta nke ụdị Wagnerian, Reger site na mmalite chọtara ndị ọzọ, echiche oge ochie - bụ isi na ihe nketa nke JS Bach. Njikọ nke mmetụta mmetụta ịhụnanya na ntụkwasị obi siri ike na ihe na-ewuli elu, doro anya, ọgụgụ isi bụ ihe dị mkpa nke nkà Reger, ọnọdụ nkà ya na-aga n'ihu, dị nso na ndị na-egwu egwú nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. Onye na-anụ ọkụ n’obi na-enwe mmasị n’ebe ọ nọ, bụ́ onye nkatọ dị ịrịba ama nke Russia bụ́ V. Karatygin, kpọrọ “onye na-agụ egwú German kasị ukwuu” bụ onye na-ede egwú, ebe ọ na-ekwu na “Reger bụ nwa ọgbara ọhụrụ, mmekpa ahụ na obi ike nile nke oge a dọọrọ mmasị ya.”

N'iji nlezianya na-azaghachi ihe omume ọha na eze na-aga n'ihu, ikpe na-ezighị ezi na-elekọta mmadụ, Reger n'oge ndụ ya nile, usoro agụmakwụkwọ jikọtara ya na omenala mba - ụkpụrụ ha dị elu, òtù nzuzo nke nkà ọkachamara, mmasị na akụkụ, ụlọ ngwá ọrụ na egwu egwu. Nke a bụ otú nna ya, onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na obere obodo Bavaria dị na Weiden si zụlite ya, otu a ka onye nhazi ụka Weiden A. Lindner na onye ọkà mmụta German kasị ukwuu G. Riemann kụziri, bụ onye tinyere Reger ịhụnanya maka oge ochie German. Site na Riemann, egwu nke I. Brahms ruo mgbe ebighị ebi batara n'uche nke onye na-ede egwú na-eto eto, bụ onye ọrụ nke mbụ ghọtara njikọ nke oge gboo na ịhụnanya. Ọ bụghị ihe ndaba na ọ bụ ya ka Reger kpebiri iziga ọrụ mbụ ya dị ịrịba ama - akụkụ ahụ "In Memory of Bach" (1895). Onye na-eto eto na-egwu egwu lere azịza natara obere oge tupu ọnwụ Brahms dị ka ngọzi, okwu nkewa site n'aka nnukwu nna ukwu, onye o ji nlezianya buru ụkpụrụ nka nka na ndụ ya.

Reger nwetara nkà egwu mbụ ya site n'aka nne na nna ya (nna ya kụziiri ya ozizi, na-egwu akụkụ ahụ, violin na cello, nne ya na-akpọ piano). N'oge ekpughe ikike kwere ka nwa nwoke dochie ya onye nkụzi Lindner na chọọchị maka afọ 13, n'okpuru onye nduzi ọ malitere ide. N'afọ 1890-93. Reger na-ekpochapụ nka nka na nka ya n'okpuru nduzi nke Riemann. Mgbe ahụ, na Wiesbaden, ọ malitere ọrụ nkuzi ya, nke dịgidere ndụ ya nile, na Royal Academy of Music na Munich (1905-06), na Leipzig Conservatory (1907-16). Na Leipzig, Reger bụkwa onye nduzi egwu nke mahadum. N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ ọtụtụ ndị egwu ama ama - I. Khas, O. Shek, E. Tokh, na ndị ọzọ. Reger nyekwara nnukwu aka na nka nka, na-arụkarị ọrụ dị ka onye pianist na organist. Na 1911-14 afọ. ọ duru ụlọ ụka egwu egwu nke Duke nke Meiningen, wee mepụta ọmarịcha egwu egwu nke ji nka were merie Germany niile.

Otú ọ dị, ọrụ idere Reger achọtaghị aha ozugbo n'ala nna ya. Ihe ngosi mbụ nke mbụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma, na naanị mgbe nsogbu siri ike, na 1898, chọtara onwe ya ọzọ na ikuku bara uru nke ụlọ nne na nna ya, onye na-ede egwú na-abanye n'oge ọganihu. Maka afọ 3 ọ na-emepụta ọtụtụ ọrụ - op. 20-59; n'ime ha bụ ụlọ ensembles, piano iberibe, olu lyrics, ma akụkụ ọrụ pụtara pụtara karịsịa - 7 fantasy on choral themes, Fantasia na fugue na isiokwu nke BACH (1900). Tozuru okè na-abịakwute Reger, echiche ụwa ya, echiche na nkà na-emecha kpụrụ. N'ịbụ onye na-adabaghị na nkwenkwe okpukpe, Reger gbasoro ụkpụrụ ahụ ná ndụ ya nile: "Enweghị nkwekọrịta n'egwú!" Ụkpụrụ nke onye na-ede egwú pụtara ìhè karịsịa na Munich, bụ ebe ndị mmegide egwu ya wakporo ya nke ukwuu.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu (146 opuses), ihe nketa Reger dị iche iche - ma n'ụdị (ha enweghị naanị ọkwa), yana na isi mmalite - site na tupu oge Bahov ruo Schumann, Wagner, Brahms. Ma onye na-ede egwú nwere mmasị pụrụ iche nke ya. Ndị a bụ ụlọ ensembles (70 opuses maka ụdị ihe dị iche iche) na egwu akụkụ (ihe dị ka ihe 200). Ọ bụghị ihe ndabara na ọ bụ na mpaghara a ka a na-enwekarị mmekọrịta Reger na Bach, mmasị ya na polyphony, na ụdị ngwá ọrụ oge ochie. Nkwupụta nke onye na-ede egwú bụ ihe e ji mara: "Ndị ọzọ na-agba ọsọ, naanị m nwere ike ibi na ha." Ihe ncheta nke ihe mejupụtara akụkụ ahụ Reger bụ ihe dị n'ụdị egwu egwu ya na piano, n'ime nke, kama ịbụ sonatas na symphonies na-emebu, usoro mgbanwe mgbanwe polyphonic gbatịrị agbatị - ụdị symphonic na fugues na isiokwu nke J. Hiller na WA Mozart (1907) , 1914), Mgbanwe na fugues maka piano na gburugburu site JS Bach, GF Telemann, L. Beethoven (1904, 1914, 1904). Ma onye na-ede egwú ṅakwara ntị na ụdị ịhụnanya (Orchestral Four Poems after A. Becklin - 1913, Romantic Suite after J. Eichendorff - 1912; cycles of piano and vocal miniatures). Ọ hapụkwara ihe atụ pụtara ìhè n’ụdị ukwe – site n’òtù ukwe cappella ruo cantatas na Abụ Ọma nke 100 – 1909.

Na njedebe nke ndụ ya, Reger ghọrọ onye a ma ama, na 1910, a haziri ememme egwu egwu ya na Dortmund. Otu n'ime mba mbụ ghọtara talent nke onye nwe German bụ Russia, bụ ebe o mere nke ọma na 1906 na ebe ndị na-eto eto nke ndị egwú Russia na-eduzi N. Myaskovsky na S. Prokofiev nabatara ya.

G. Zhdanova