Isaak Osipovich Dunaevsky (Isaak Dunaevsky) |

Isaac Dunaevsky

… Arara m ọrụ m nye ndị ntorobịa ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. Enwere m ike ikwu na-enweghị ikwubiga okwu ókè na mgbe m na-ede abụ ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ egwú ọzọ, m na-eji echiche agụ ya mgbe nile banyere ntorobịa anyị. I. Dunayevsky

Ekpughere nnukwu talent Dunayevsky ruo n'ókè kachasị ukwuu n'ọhịa nke ụdị "ìhè". Ọ bụ onye okike nke abụ ọhụrụ Soviet mass, egwu jazz mbụ, ihe nkiri egwu, operetta. Onye na-ede egwú chọrọ imeju ụdịdị ndị a kacha nso ndị ntorobịa nwere ezigbo mma, amara aghụghọ, na ụtọ nka dị elu.

Ihe nketa okike Dunaevsky dị oke mma. O nwere 14 operettas, 3 ballets, 2 cantatas, 80 choirs, 80 songs and romances, music for 88 drama performances and 42 films, 43 compounds for different and 12 for jazz orchestra, 17 melodeclamations, 52 symphonic and 47 piano work.

Dunayevsky mụrụ na ezinụlọ nke onye ọrụ. Egwu soro ya malite mgbe ọ bụ nwata. A na-enwekarị mgbede egwu egwu dị mma n'ụlọ Dunaevsky, ebe, na ume ume, obere Isaac nọkwa. N’ụbọchị Sọnde, ọ na-egekarị ndị egwú nọ n’ogige obodo ahụ ntị, ma mgbe ọ lọtara n’ụlọ, ọ na-eji ntị na-eji piano na-eji ntị ewere ihe ndị na-agụ egwú na-eme njem na Waltz ndị ọ chetara. Ezigbo ezumike maka nwa nwoke ahụ bụ nleta na ụlọ ihe nkiri, ebe ihe nkiri Ukraine na Russian na opera na-eme njem nleta.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 8, Dunaevsky malitere ịmụta ịkpọ violin. Ihe ịga nke ọma ya dị ịrịba ama na ugbua na 1910 ọ ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ nke Kharkov Musical College na klas violin nke Prọfesọ K. Gorsky, mgbe ahụ I. Ahron, onye na-akụ violin na-egbuke egbuke, onye nkụzi na onye na-ede egwú. Dunayevsky gụkwara Ahron ihe na Kharkov Conservatory, bụ nke ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1919. N'ime afọ nchekwa ya, Dunayevsky dere ọtụtụ ihe. Onye nkuzi ya bụ S. Bogatyrev.

Kemgbe ọ bụ nwata, ebe ọ hụrụ n'anya na ihe nkiri ahụ, Dunayevsky, n'egbughị oge, bịara na ya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ. “E weere ihe nkiri Sinelnikov Drama n’ụzọ ziri ezi dị ka mpako nke Kharkov,” onye nduzi nkà ya bụkwa “otu n’ime ndị a ma ama n’ihe nkiri Russia.”

Na mbụ, Dunaevsky na-arụ ọrụ dị ka violinist-eso na òtù egwú, mgbe ahụ dị ka onye nduzi na, n'ikpeazụ, dị ka isi nke musical akụkụ nke ihe nkiri. N'otu oge ahụ, o dere egwu maka mmemme ọhụrụ niile.

Na 1924, Dunaevsky kwagara Moscow, ebe ruo ọtụtụ afọ ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka music director nke Hermitage dịgasị iche iche ihe nkiri. N'oge a, ọ na-ede operettas nke mbụ ya: "Ma nke anyị na nke gị", "Ndị na-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ", "Knives", "Ọrụ Prime Minister". Ma ndị a bụ naanị nzọụkwụ mbụ. Ezigbo ihe osise nke onye dere ya pụtara ma emechaa.

Afọ 1929 ghọrọ a dị ịrịba ama na ndụ nke Dunayevsky. Oge ọhụrụ, nke tozuru okè nke ọrụ okike ya malitere, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ aha ọma kwesịrị ekwesị. Dunayevsky kpọrọ onye nduzi egwu na Leningrad Music Hall. "Site na amara ya, amamihe na ịdị mfe, site na ọkachamara ya dị elu, ọ meriri ezi ịhụnanya nke ndị otu okike dum," ka onye na-ese ihe N. Cherkasov chetara.

N'ụlọ egwu Leningrad, L. Utyosov na-eji jazz ya eme ihe mgbe niile. Ya mere, e nwere nzukọ nke ndị egwu abụọ magburu onwe ha, nke ghọrọ enyi na-adịte aka. Dunaevsky ozugbo nwere mmasị na jazz wee malite ide egwu maka ìgwè Utyosov. O kere rhapsodies na egwu ndị a ma ama nke ndị na-agụ Soviet, na Russian, Ukraine, isiokwu ndị Juu, fantasy jazz na isiokwu nke egwu nke ya, wdg.

Dunayevsky na Utyosov ọtụtụ mgbe na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ. "Ahụrụ m nzukọ ndị a n'anya," Utyosov dere. - "Obi masịrị m na Dunaevsky site n'ikike itinye onwe ya kpamkpam na egwu, ọ bụghị ịhụ gburugburu."

Na mmalite 30s. Dunayevsky tụgharịrị na egwu ihe nkiri. Ọ na-aghọ onye okike nke ụdị ọhụrụ - ihe nkiri egwu egwu. Oge ọhụrụ, na-egbuke egbuke na mmepe nke egwu egwu Soviet, nke banyere ndụ site na ihuenyo ihe nkiri, jikọtara ya na aha ya.

Na 1934, ihe nkiri ahụ bụ "Merry Fellows" pụtara na ihuenyo nke obodo na Dunaevsky music. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nabatara ihe nkiri ahụ nke ọma. "March of the Merry Guys" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach) na-aga n'ụzọ nkịtị n'ofe mba, na-aga gburugburu ụwa na-aghọ otu n'ime ndị mbụ mba na-eto eto songs nke oge anyị. Na a ma ama "Kakhovka" si nkiri "Three Comrades" (1935, art. M. Svetlova)! Ndị na-eto eto ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi bụrụ n'ime afọ ndị e ji arụ ụlọ n'udo. Ọ bụkwa ihe a ma ama n'oge Agha Patriotic Ukwu ahụ. Abụ nke Motherland sitere na fim Circus (1936, nka nke V. Lebedev-Kumach) merikwara ama ama n'ụwa niile. Dunayevsky dekwara ọtụtụ egwu egwu dị egwu maka ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ: "Ụmụaka Captain Grant", "Ndị na-achọ obi ụtọ", "Goalkeeper", "Rich Bride", "Volga-Volga", "Path Bright", "Kuban Cossacks".

N'ịbụ onye nwere mmasị na ọrụ maka sinima, na-ede abụ ndị a ma ama, Dunaevsky atụgharịghị na operetta ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Ọ laghachiri n'ụdị ọkacha mmasị ya na ngwụcha 30s. ugbua onye tozuru oke.

N'oge Great Patriotic War, Dunayevsky duuru egwu na egwu egwu nke Central House of Culture of Railway Workers. N'ebe ọ bụla otu a rụrụ - na mpaghara Volga, na Central Asia, n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa, na Urals na Siberia, na-etinye ume n'ime ndị ọrụ n'ihu ụlọ, ntụkwasị obi na mmeri nke ndị agha Soviet meriri ndị iro. N'otu oge ahụ, Dunayevsky dere obi ike, egwu egwu nke nwetara ewu ewu n'ihu.

N'ikpeazụ, ndị ikpeazụ salvos nke agha dara. Obodo ahụ nọ na-agwọ ọnyá ya. Na na West, isi nke gunpowder ọzọ.

N'ime afọ ndị a, mgba maka udo aghọwo isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ndị niile nwere ezi uche. Dunayevsky, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mgba maka udo. N'August 29, 1947, operetta ya "Free Wind" nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na Moscow Opera Ụlọ ihe nkiri. A na-etinyekwa isiokwu nke mgba maka udo na fim ihe nkiri na egwu Dunaevsky "Anyị bụ maka udo" (1951). Otu egwu egwu dị egwu sitere na ihe nkiri a, “Fly, nduru,” nwetara ama ama n'ụwa niile. Ọ ghọrọ ihe nnọchianya nke VI World Youth Festival na Moscow.

Ọrụ ikpeazụ Dunaevsky, operetta White Acacia (1955), bụ ihe atụ magburu onwe ya nke operetta lyrical Soviet. Lee ịnụ ọkụ n'obi onye dere ya ji dee “abụ swan” ya, bụ́ nke ọ na-aghaghị “ịbụ abụ”! Ọnwụ kwaturu ya n'etiti ọrụ ya. Onye na-ede egwú K. Molchanov dechara operetta dị ka ihe osise Dunayevsky hapụrụ.

Ihe ngosi nke "White Acacia" mere na November 15, 1955 na Moscow. Ọ bụ Odessa Theatre of Musical Comedy haziri ya. Onye isi ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ I. Grinshpun dere, sị: “Ọ dị mwute ikwu na Isaak Osipovich ahụghị White Acacia n'elu ikpo okwu, apụghị ịbụ ihe àmà nke ọṅụ o nyere ma ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ma ndị na-ege ntị. … Ma ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe ọṅụ!

M. Komissarskaya

Ngwakọta:

ballet – Faun fọdụrụ (1924), ballet ụmụaka Murzilka (1924), Obodo (1924), Ballet Suite (1929); operetta - Ma nke anyị na nke gị (1924, post. 1927, Moscow Theatre of Musical Buffoonery), Ndị na-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ (1926, post. 1927, Moscow Operetta Ụlọ ihe nkiri), Straw Hat (1927, Ụlọ ihe nkiri Musical aha ya bụ VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow; mbipụta nke abụọ. 2, Moscow Operetta Ụlọ ihe nkiri), Knives (1938, Moscow Satire Ụlọ ihe nkiri), Premiere Career (1928, Tashkent Operetta Ụlọ ihe nkiri), Polar Growths (1929, Moscow Operetta Ụlọ ihe nkiri), Nde Torments (1929, ibid. ), Golden Valley (1932, ibid.; mbipụta nke abụọ 1938, ibid.), Ụzọ na-enweta obi ụtọ (2, Leningrad Theatre of Musical Comedy), Free Wind (1955, Moscow Operetta Ụlọ ihe nkiri), Ọkpara nke Clown (aha mbụ . - The Flying Clown, 1941, ibid). ), White Acacia (ngwá ọrụ G. Cherny, tinye nọmba ballet "Palmushka" na abụ Larisa na nke 1947 nke KB Molchanov dere na isiokwu Dunaevsky; 1960, ibid.); cantata - Anyị ga-abịa (1945), Leningrad, anyị na gị (1945); egwu maka ihe nkiri - Mbụ platoon (1933), Ugboro-amụ (1934), Merry guys (1934), Golden ọkụ (1934), atọ comrades (1935), The ụzọ nke ụgbọ mmiri (1935), ada nke Motherland (1936), Nwanna (1936), Circus (1936), Nwa agbọghọ na-eme ọsọ ọsọ na ụbọchị (1936), Children of Captain Grant (1936), Ndị na-achọ obi ụtọ (1936), Wind Fair (ya na BM Bogdanov-Berezovsky, 1936), Beethoven Concerto (1937), Ọgaranya nwunye (1937), Volga-Volga (1938), Bright way (1940), My love (1940), New House (1946), Spring (1947), Kuban Cossacks (1949), Stadium (1949) , Mashenka's concert (1949), Anyị bụ maka ụwa (1951), Winged Defense (1953), nnọchi (1954), Jolly Stars (1954), Test of Loyalty (1954); songs, gụnyere. Ụzọ dị anya (abụ nke EA Dolmatovsky, 1938), Heroes of Khasan (abụ nke VI Lebedev-Kumach, 1939), Na onye iro, maka Motherland, n'ihu (lyrics nke Lebedev-Kumach, 1941), My Moscow (abụ na Lisyansky). na S. Agranyan, 1942), March Military nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè (abụ nke SA Vasiliev, 1944), m si Berlin (abụ nke LI Oshanin, 1945), Abụ banyere Moscow (abụ nke B. Vinnikov, 1946) , Ụzọ -roads (abụ nke S. Ya. Alymov, 1947), Abụ m nne ochie sitere na Rouen (abụ nke G. Rublev, 1949), Abụ nke ntorobịa (abụ nke ML Matusovsky, 1951), School waltz (abụ. Matusovsky). , 1952), Waltz Evening (abụ nke Matusovsky, 1953), Moscow Lights (abụ nke Matusovsky, 1954) na ndị ọzọ; egwu maka ngosi ihe nkiri, ihe ngosi redio; pop pop, gụnyere. Ụlọ ihe nkiri jazz nyochaa Ụlọ Ahịa Egwu (1932), wdg.