Ottorino Respighi (Ottorino Respighi) |

Ottorino Respighi

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu Ịtali na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. Respighi banyere dị ka onye edemede nke na-egbuke egbuke mmemme symphonic ọrụ (uri "Roman Fountains", "Pins nke Rome").

A mụrụ onye na-ede egwú n'ọdịnihu n'ime ezinụlọ ndị na-egwu egwu. Nna nna ya bụ onye organist, nna ya bụ onye pianist, o nwere Respighi ma were nkuzi piano mbụ ya. N'afọ 1891-99. Respighi ọmụmụ na Music Lyceum na Bologna: na-akpọ violin na F. Sarti, counterpoint na fugue na Dall Olio, mejupụtara na L. Torqua na J. Martucci. Ebe ọ bụ na 1899 ọ rụrụ na concerts dị ka violinist. N'afọ 1900, o dere otu n'ime ihe nkiri mbụ ya - "Symphonic Variations" maka ndị egwú.

N'afọ 1901, dị ka onye na-akụ violin na ìgwè ndị egwú, Respighi bịara na St. Nke a bụ nzukọ dị ịrịba ama na N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Onye na-ede egwú Rọshịa a na-akwanyere ùgwù kelere onye ọbịa ahụ na-amaghị nke ọma, ma mgbe o lechara akara ya, ọ nwere mmasị ma kweta ka ya na onye Ịtali na-eto eto mụọ ihe. Klas ndị ahụ were ọnwa 5. N'okpuru nduzi nke Rimsky-Korsakov, Respighi dere Prelude, Chorale na Fugue maka ndị egwú. Edemede a ghọrọ ọrụ ngụsị akwụkwọ ya na Bologna Lyceum, onye nkụzi ya Martucci kwukwara, sị: “Respighi abụghịzi nwa akwụkwọ, kama ọ bụ nna ukwu.” N'agbanyeghị nke a, onye na-ede egwú nọgidere na-akawanye mma: na 1902, ọ natara nkuzi sitere na M. Bruch na Berlin. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, Respighi na-aga Russia ọzọ na opera troupe, bi na St. Petersburg na Moscow. N'ịbụ onye maara asụsụ Russian, ọ na-amata ndụ nkà nke obodo ndị a na mmasị, na-enwe ekele dị ukwuu nke Moscow opera na ballet na ihe ngosi na ejiji nke K. Korovin na L. Bakst. Mmekọrịta na Russia anaghị akwụsị ọbụna mgbe ha laghachiri n'ala nna ha. A. Lunacharsky gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Bologna, bụ onye mechara, na 20s, kwupụtara ọchịchọ na Respighi ga-abịa Russia ọzọ.

Respighi bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-ede ihe Italian na-achọpụtaghachi peeji nke egwu Italiantali echefuru ọkara. Na mmalite 1900s ọ na-emepụta ọhụrụ orchestration nke "Ariadne's Lament" site C. Monteverdi, na mejupụtara na-ọma rụrụ na Berlin Philharmonic.

N'afọ 1914, Respighi abụworị onye edemede nke atọ operas, ma ọrụ na mpaghara a adịghị eweta ya ihe ịga nke ọma. N'aka nke ọzọ, okike nke uri symphonic The Fountains of Rome (1917) mere ka onye dere ya bụrụ ụzọ n'ihu ndị na-agụ egwú Ịtali. Nke a bụ akụkụ mbụ nke ụdị nke trilogy symphonic: Isi iyi nke Rome, The Pines nke Rome (1924) na Ememme Rome (1928). G. Puccini, bụ́ onye maara onye na-ede egwú nke ọma ma bụrụ enyi ya, kwuru, sị: “Ị̀ maara onye mbụ gụrụ akara Respighi? I. Site n'ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Ricordi ana m enweta akwụkwọ mbụ nke akara ọhụrụ ya ọ bụla ma na-enwe mmasị na nkà ya na-enweghị atụ.

Mmata na I. Stravinsky, S. Diaghilev, M. Fokin na V. Nijinsky dị ezigbo mkpa maka ọrụ Respighi. Na 1919 ndị otu Diaghilev mere na London ballet ya The Miracle Shop, dabere na egwu piano nke G. Rossini dere.

Kemgbe 1921, Respighi na-arụkarị ọrụ dịka onye nduzi, na-eme ihe nkiri nke ya, na-eme njem dị ka onye pianist na Europe, USA na Brazil. Site na 1913 ruo na njedebe nke ndụ ya, ọ kụziri na Academy of Santa Cecilia na Rome, na 1924-26. bụ onye nduzi ya.

Ọrụ Symphonic nke Respighi na-ejikọta usoro ederede ọgbara ọhụrụ, nhazi egwu mara mma (trilogy symphonic ahụ e kwuru n'elu, "Mmetụta Brazil"), na ọchịchọ maka egwu egwu ochie, ụdị oge ochie, ya bụ ihe ndị dị na neoclassicism. Edere ọtụtụ ọrụ onye dere ya na isiokwu nke abụ Gregorian (“Gregorian Concerto” maka violin, “Concerto in Mixolydian mode” na 3 preludes na egwu Gregorian maka piano, “Doria Quartet”). Respighi nwere nhazi n'efu nke operas "Ohu-Madam" nke G. Pergolesi, "Ụmụ nwanyị" nke D. Cimarosa, "Orpheus" site na C. Monteverdi na ọrụ ndị ọzọ site n'aka ndị Ịtali oge ochie, nhazi nke ise "Etudes-Painting" nke S. Rachmaninov, akụkụ passacaglia na C obere JS Bach.

V. Ilyev

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