Yuri Shaporin (Yuri Shaporin).

Yuri Shaporin

Ọrụ na àgwà nke Yu. Shaporin bụ ihe dị ịrịba ama na nkà egwú Soviet. Onye na-ebu na onye na-aga n'ihu na omenala omenala nke ezigbo ndị ọgụgụ isi Russia, nwoke nwere agụmakwụkwọ mahadum dị iche iche, bụ ndị na-etinye uche na nwata niile iche iche nke nkà Russia, maara nke ọma na mmetụta Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme, akwụkwọ, uri, eserese, ije - Shaporin nabatara. ma nabata mgbanwe ndị Great October Socialist Revolution wetara ma tinye aka ozugbo na iwulite omenala ọhụrụ.

A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ ndị ọkà mmụta Russia. Nna ya bụ onye na-ese ihe, nne ya bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Moscow Conservatory, nwa akwụkwọ nke N. Rubinstein na N. Zverev. Art na ngosipụta ya dị iche iche gbara onye na-agụ egwú n'ọdịnihu gburugburu n'ụzọ nkịtị site na nwata. A na-egosipụtakwa njikọ na omenala ndị Russia n'eziokwu dị otú ahụ: nwanne nna nna nke onye na-ede egwú n'akụkụ nne, onye na-ede uri V. Tumansky, bụ enyi A. Pushkin, Pushkin kwuru banyere ya na ibe Eugene Onegin. Ọ bụ na-akpali na ọbụna ọdịdị ala nke ndụ Yuri Alexandrovich na-ekpughe njikọ ya na mmalite nke Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme, omenala, music: nke a bụ Glukhov - onye nwe nke bara uru ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta, Kyiv (ebe Shaporin gụrụ akwụkwọ na Faculty of History na Philology). University), Petersburg-Leningrad (ebe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu dere na-amụ na Faculty of Law nke University, na Conservatory na biri na 1921-34), Children's Village, Klin (ebe 1934) na, n'ikpeazụ, Moscow. N'ime ndụ ya nile, onye na-ede egwú sonye na nkwurịta okwu na ndị nnọchiteanya kasị ukwuu nke omenala Russia na Soviet nke oge a - ndị na-ede egwú A. Glazunov, S. Taneyev, A. Lyadov, N. Lysenko, N. Cherepnin, M. Steinberg, ndị na-ede uri na ndị edemede M. Gorky, A. Tolstoy, A. Block, Anyanwụ. Rozhdestvensky, artists A. Benois, M. Dobuzhinsky, B. Kustodiev, director N. Akimov na ndị ọzọ.

Ihe omume egwu nke Shaporin, nke malitere na Glukhov, gara n'ihu na Kyiv na Petrograd. Onye na-ede egwú n'ọdịnihu hụrụ n'anya na-abụ abụ n'òtù, n'òtù ukwe, ma gbalịa aka ya na-edepụta. Na 1912, na ndụmọdụ nke A. Glazunov na S. Taneyev, ọ banyere mejupụtara klas nke St. Ndị a bụ afọ mgbe nkà Soviet malitere ịmalite. N'oge a, Shaporin malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'otu n'ime ebe kachasị mkpa - ihe omume nke onye na-ede egwú ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-ejikọta ọmụmụ na nguzobe nke ụlọ ihe nkiri Soviet na-eto eto. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Bolshoi Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Petrograd, na Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Petrozavodsk, na Leningrad Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri, mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ga-arụkọ ọrụ na ihe nkiri na Moscow (aha ya bụ E. Vakhtangov, Central Children Ụlọ ihe nkiri, Moscow Art Ụlọ ihe nkiri, Maly). Ọ ghaghị ijikwa akụkụ egwu, omume na, n'ezie, dee egwu maka ihe ngosi (1918), gụnyere "King Lear", "Much Ado About Nothing" na "Comedy of Errors" nke W. Shakespeare, "Ndị na-apụnara mmadụ ihe" nke F. Schiller, "Alụmdi na Nwunye nke Figaro" nke P. Beaumarchais, "Tartuffe" nke JB Moliere, "Boris Godunov" nke Pushkin, "Aristocrats" nke N. Pogodin, wdg N'ikpeazụ, ahụmahụ nke afọ ndị a bara uru nye Shaporin mgbe ịmepụta egwu maka ihe nkiri ("Egwu atọ gbasara Lenin", "Minin na Pozharsky", "Suvorov", "Kutuzov", wdg). Site na egwu egwu maka egwu "Blokha" (dị ka N. Leskov si kwuo), na 20, e kere "Joke Suite" maka otu egwuregwu na-adịghị ahụkebe (ikuku, domra, bọtịnụ bọtịnụ, piano na ngwá egwú) - "stylization of ihe a na-akpọ ewu ewu na-ewu ewu”, dị ka onye na-ede egwú n'onwe ya si kwuo.

N'ime afọ 20. Shaporin mekwara 2 sonatas maka piano, egwu egwu egwu egwu na ukwe, romances n'amaokwu nke F. Tyutchev, na-arụ ọrụ maka olu na egwu egwu, ukwe maka otu ndị agha. Isiokwu nke ihe egwu egwu nke Symphony na-egosi. Nke a bụ nnukwu akwa akwa akwa akwa raara nye isiokwu mgbanwe, ọnọdụ onye na-ese ihe n'oge mbibi akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ijikọta isiokwu egwu nke oge a ("Yablochko", "March nke Budyonny") na asụsụ egwu dị nso n'ụdị oge ochie nke Russia, Shaporin, na ọrụ mbụ ya bụ isi, na-ebute nsogbu nke njikọ na n'ihu nke echiche, ihe oyiyi, na asụsụ egwu. .

Ndị 30s tụgharịrị bụrụ mkpụrụ maka onye na-ede egwú, mgbe e dere akụkọ ịhụnanya ya kacha mma, ọrụ malitere na opera The Decembrists. Nkà dị elu, njirimara nke Shaporin, njikọ nke epic na lyrical malitere igosipụta onwe ya n'otu n'ime ọrụ ya kachasị mma - symphony-cantata "On the Kulikovo Field" (na akara nke A. Blok, 1939). Onye na-ede egwú na-ahọrọ oge mgbanwe nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia, dị egwu n'oge gara aga, dị ka isiokwu nke ihe mejupụtara ya, ma jiri akwụkwọ edemede 2 buo ụzọ cantata site n'akwụkwọ ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme V. Klyuchevsky: "Ndị Russia, ebe ha kwụsịrị mbuso agha nke Mongols. zọpụta mmepeanya Europe. A mụrụ steeti Russia ọ bụghị n'ime igbe nke Ivan Kalita, kama n'ọhịa Kulikovo. Egwu nke cantata jupụtara na ndụ, mmegharị, na mmetụta dị iche iche nke mmadụ ejidere. Ejikọtara ụkpụrụ Symphonic ebe a na ụkpụrụ nke operatic dramaturgy.

Naanị opera onye dere ya, The Decembrists (lib. Vs. Rozhdestvensky dabere na AN Tolstoy, 1953), na-etinyekwa aka na isiokwu akụkọ ihe mere eme na mgbanwe mgbanwe. Ihe nkiri mbụ nke opera n'ọdịnihu pụtara na 1925 - mgbe ahụ, Shaporin chere na opera dị ka ọrụ egwu nke a raara nye akara nke Decembrist Annenkov na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya Polina Goble. N'ihi ọrụ dị ogologo ma kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na libertto, mkparịta ụka ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndị na-agụ egwú na-eme ugboro ugboro, e weghaara isiokwu egwu ahụ na ndabere, na ebumnobi dị egwu-dị egwu na ndị mmadụ na ịhụ mba n'anya ghọrọ ndị bụ isi.

N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, Shaporin dere egwu ụda olu ụlọ. Agụnyere ịhụnanya ya na ego ọla edo nke egwu Soviet. Ngwa ngwa nke okwu lyrical, ịma mma nke mmetụta dị ukwuu nke mmadụ, ezigbo ihe nkiri, mmalite na ọdịdị nke ọgụgụ isi nke amaokwu ahụ, plasticity nke abụ abụ, ụdị dị iche iche na ụba nke piano textures, izu oke na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke ụdị ahụ na-amata ọdịiche kachasị mma nke romances nke onye na-ede egwú, n'etiti ha bụ ịhụnanya na amaokwu nke F. Tyutchev ("Gịnị ka ị na-ekwu maka ịkwa ákwá, ifufe abalị", "Poetry", okirikiri "Memory nke obi"), asatọ elegies na uri nke ndị na-ede uri Rọshịa, Ise romances on uri nke A. Pushkin (gụnyere ọkacha mmasị nke onye dere “Spell”), okirikiri “Distant Youth” na uri nke A. Blok.

N'ime ndụ ya niile, Shaporin rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, egwu egwu na agụmakwụkwọ; pụtara na nta akụkọ dị ka onye nkatọ. Site na 1939 ruo ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, ọ kụziiri ihe mejupụtara na ngwá ọrụ na Moscow Conservatory. Nkà magburu onwe ya, amamihe na akọ nke onye nkụzi nyere ya ohere ịmepụta ndị na-ede egwú dị iche iche dị ka R. Shchedrin, E. Svetlanov, N. Sidelnikov, A. Flyarkovsky. G. Zhubanova, Ya. Yakhin na ndị ọzọ.

Nkà nke Shaporin, onye na-ese ihe n'ezie onye Russia, na-adị mkpa mgbe niile na nke ọma zuru oke. Na narị afọ nke XNUMX, n'oge siri ike na mmepe nke nkà egwu egwu, mgbe ọdịnala ochie na-adaba, a na-emepụta ọtụtụ mmegharị ọgbara ọhụrụ, o jisiri ike kwuo banyere mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze ọhụrụ n'asụsụ nwere nghọta na n'ozuzu ya. Ọ bụ onye na-ebu omenala ndị bara ọgaranya na ndị bara uru nke nkà egwu egwu Russia ma nwee ike ịchọta ntinye nke ya, nke ya, "Shaporin note", nke na-eme ka ndị na-ege ntị mara egwu ya ma hụ ya n'anya.

V. Bazarnova