Nkwụsịtụ |

site na Greek pausis - nkwụsị, kwụsị; lat. silentium ma ọ bụ pausa, Italian. kwụsịtụ, ịgbachi nkịtị French ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụ, eng. gbachi nkịtị ma ọ bụ zuru ike

Nkwụsịtụ na ụda nke otu, ọtụtụ ma ọ bụ olu niile nke Muses nke na-adịgide ruo oge ụfọdụ. na-arụ ọrụ, yana akara egwu na-egosi nkwụsịtụ a na ụda. Na nnukwu instr. n'ọgbakọ, mkpokọta, ndị ukwe na n'ihe nkiri opera, a na-akpọ nkwụsịtụ n'ozuzu ụda n'ozuzu.

A na-egosipụta echiche nke P. na egwu oge ochie. tiori, nke lere ahịrị uri niile na-ezighi ezi dị ka nke ziri ezi nke ejiri nkwụsịtụ dị mkpụmkpụ; E gosiri P. site na akara ^ (nwere akara ndị ọzọ maka nkwụsịtụ ogologo oge); P., na-emebi otu mita, makwaara. Na ndị na-abụghị nke uche (lee Nevma) na choral notation, ọ dịghị ihe ịrịba ama nke P. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ụfọdụ na mmepe nke choral notation, nsọtụ nke akụkụ nke egwu malitere igosi site nkerisi akara. Site na ọbịbịa nke polyphony, njirimara a ghọrọ ihe ịrịba ama nke nkwụsịtụ dị mkpirikpi nke ogologo na-enweghị njedebe. Nhọpụta nke nkwụsịtụ dị iche site na ogologo oge ka ejiri akara nsọ wetara ya. Ọbụna n'oge mmalite ya (narị afọ 12-13), n'ihi na ihe niile eji ede oge edetu egwu egwu, ewebata akara ngosi P. kwekọrọ: pausa longa perfecta (akụkụ atọ), pausa longa imperfecta (akụkụ abụọ), pausa brevis na semipausa , hà na semibrevis; Ihe ndepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ha mechara gbanwee.

Site na iwebata obere ndetu - minima, semiminima, fusa na semifusa - ihe ịrịba ama nke P., hà nhata ogologo ha, gbaziri site na usoro tablature.

Na narị afọ nke 16 usoro ndetu maka nkwụsịtụ ewerela ụdị a:

Nkwụsịtụ nke akara nsọ nsọ

Na oge a P. na-eji na-ede egwú: dum, ọkara, nkeji iri na ise, asatọ, nke iri na isii, iri atọ na abụọ, iri isii na anọ, na mgbe ụfọdụ - a breve, hà na oge na abụọ dum ndetu. Iji mee ka oge P. dịkwuo elu site na 1/2, 1/2 + 1/4, 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8, wdg, yana ịbawanye ogologo oge nke ndetu, a na-eji ntụpọ. . E ji akara P. na-egosi nkwụsịtụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, n'agbanyeghị nha ya, ya na ihe ndetu dum. P. na 2-4 jikoro ka egosipụtara site na iji akara gbaziri site na mensural notation, P., hà ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke jikoro, site n'usoro nke ihe ịrịba ama ndị a ma ọ bụ site n'enyemaka nke pụrụ iche akara nke agbatịkwu nkwụsịtụ na nọmba edere n'elu ha. kwekọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke jikoro nke nkwụsịtụ.

Nkwụsịtụ nke ọkwa ọgbara ọhụrụ

Ọ bụrụ na mbụ P. na-egosipụtakarị nkwupụta ụda olu. olu, ha ji nwayọọ nwayọọ malite iji n'ime egwu egwu. formations, na-aghọ mkpa express. pụtara. Dị ka X. Riemann kwuru, nkwụsịtụ dị otú ahụ enweghị "efu", kama ọ bụ "adịghị mma" pụtara, na-emetụta nke ukwuu n'igosipụta nke muses gara aga na nke na-esote. ihe owuwu. Na-egosipụta na ihe atụ. nkwụsịtụ nwere ike ịbụ ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke kpochapụwo. egwu, eg. "Isiokwu nke akara aka" sitere na akụkụ 1st nke Beethoven's 5th symphony, ebe P. na-eme ka ihe dị egwu dịkwuo omimi. ọdịdị nke egwu ahụ, ma ọ bụ egwu egwu nke Tchaikovsky's romance "N'etiti bọọlụ mkpọtụ", ebe ndò nke iku ume na-adịte aka na-ejikọta ya na iji nkwụsịtụ. Hụ akara ngosi Mensural, Rhythm.

Na Russian ọzọ. egwu egwu n'oge oge mgbanwe site na nko notation na square notation, e nwere usoro nke ya maka ịmepụta nkwụsịtụ: edna - dum, eu (ma ọ bụ es) - ọkara, okporo osisi (osisi) - nkeji iri na ise, sep ma ọ bụ sema - asatọ; enyi - abụọ jikoro; nke atọ - nha atọ, chvarta - ihe anọ, wdg.

References: Diletsky H., Onye na-agụ egwú Grammar, (St. Petersburg), 1910.

Vakhromeev