Ụda olu |

Okwu na-egosi ahịrị dị iche iche dị iche iche (olu) na ihe nkiri polyphonic nke Russia (choral na ensemble) nke egwu egwu, nke kachasị egwu. A na-eji ya na Nar. omume chanter, banyere egwu. akụkọ ifo. Mwepụta ya bụ okwu izugbe karịa “pokalphony olu”. P. ejikọrọ na okwu a bụ "olu" n'ihe pụtara iso onye nọ n'ọkwa dị elu na-abụ abụ (n'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ ha na-ekwukwa "squeal") osn. abụ olu ụtọ ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ya (nkà nke bellows). A makwa ndị ọzọ. Okwu nke otu pụtara: "eyeliner" (na ndịda Russia mpaghara, na Ukraine na Belarusian Polesie), "dishkant" (na Don), "dọrọ na piston" (Belgorod mpaghara), "goryak" (na Ukraine) . A na-etinye okwu ikpeazụ ahụ naanị na P. dị elu, na-eme ka enwere onwe ya. otu egwu egwu; olu dị ala n'ọnọdụ ndị a "bass" (mpaghara Belgorod), "bass" (mpaghara Ryazan), wdg. A naghị eji okwu ahụ bụ "overvoice" eme ihe - ma ndị na-egwu egwu elu na nke ala. A na-akpọkwa olu P. A na-ekenyekarị P. elu n'aka otu olu, ebe enwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ndị dị ala. T. n. isi abụ a na-emekarị na olu etiti; Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eme ya site na onye na-agụ egwú (na Don - bass), ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ nke ụda olu n'oge egwu ahụ n'ụdị ụfọdụ nwere ike ịgbanwe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, isi abụ nwere ike mgbe ụfọdụ site na olu gaa na olu). N'ọnọdụ niile, a na-akpọ P. olu ndị na-esi na isi elu ma ọ bụ ala. Nke a bụ ihe e ji mara mba bụ akụkụ nke akụkọ ifo polyphony dị ka omume nke "nchọpụta mkpokọta egwu" (BV Asafiev). Ihe ma ọ bụ na-akwado osn. abụ olu ụtọ (ọtụtụ mgbe site n'okpuru), ma ọ bụ na-ewepụ ya, chọọ ya mma (si n'elu), ma ọ bụ na-emegide ya, na-emepụta ọdịiche nwa oge.

Na Russian N'ebe ugwu, a na-abụ otu ihe ndabere nke otu egwu ma ọ bụ n'otu octave, ebe P., na-ezere ije na-ejikọta otu, na-agbanwe otu ụda ahụ, dị ka à ga-asị na a na-achọ ya mma, mgbe ụfọdụ na-emegide ya na nnwere onwe. na-abụ abụ (na-emekarị site n'elu), jupụta na nkwụsịtụ na jumps nke isi. olu na-ejikọta ya na ya n'otu ma ọ bụ octave, si otú ahụ na-egosipụta n'ụzọ doro anya na ọ na-edu ndú. Mmecha unison-octave nke egwu na ngwụcha fret-rhythm bụ iwu mgbe niile. kwụsie ike. P. - "a na-epulite na isi ụda, mgbe ụfọdụ ọzọ, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-adịchaghị mma na alaka ụlọ ọrụ" (Asafiev). Mgbe ụfọdụ P. na nnwere onwe na ikwupụta okwu na-ejikọta ya na ihe a na-akpọ. isi abụ, na ọ pụrụ isi ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha. Na Northern Russia. Ụdị na-achịkwa P. - offshoots sitere na isi. olu (n'ezie, ụdị ya dị nso):

Site na nchịkọta EV Gippius na ZV Ewald "Abụ nke Pinezhya", Nke 55.

Site na nchịkọta AM Listopadov "Abụ nke Don Cossacks", vol. 3, Nke 19.

N'etiti na karịsịa n'ebe ndịda Russian. Ụdị P. na-ejikarị DOS emekọrịta ihe n'efu. olu (lee ihe atụ n'elu).

Ụfọdụ nkwughachi na-eme ka ọ dị mfe, "dozie" isi. abụ olu ụtọ, ndị ọzọ, n'ụzọ megidere ya, na-achọ ya mma, na-azụlite ya ma mee ka ọ baa ọgaranya. Ụdị P. pụrụ iche bụ pedal (ch. arr. na akụkụ dị mkpirikpi nke egwu) na ihe a na-akpọ. na-abụghị nke ederede P. - "vocalises" (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mpaghara Voronezh), na-akwụsị ugboro ugboro na ụda agbatị ogologo nke tonic (nke dị ala ma ọ bụ elu) na, obere oge, ụzọ ise ma ọ bụ VII eke ogo (n'ihe banyere nke). mgbanwe nwa oge).

Na Belarusian. Polissya chorus na-ekewa abụọ nọọrọ onwe ha. party: isi abụ olu na-ada na ala, "bass" olu (n'ihi na melodic conciseness, ZV Ewald kọwapụtara ya dị ka ụdị cantus firmus), nke na usoro nke polygoal. abụ ahụ nwere ike ịpụta n'ụdị polyphonically, ebe oke solo olu (“padvodchyk”) na-eduga n'ọkpụkpụ. Otu ụda na otu ụda na-emekarị ọtụtụ. dị iche na agwa na abụ olu ụtọ. mmepe nke lyric . abụ polygonal (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na obodo Polissya nke Tonezh).

N'oge otu egwu, enwere ike inwe mgbagwoju anya nke ukwe. textures, ebighị nke P. N'ozuzu, mgbagwoju anya, ike "mechanics" nke ezigbo mmekọrịta nke olu na a ezi Nar. Chorus enyochabeghị nke ọma. Ihe ndekọ ụda ọtụtụ ọwa kachasị ọhụrụ na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ. pụtara nwere ike itinye aka na nchọpụta nke ezi ebe na ihe P. na Nar pụtara. ukwe. na-abụ abụ Dec. ụdị mpaghara.

References: Melgunov Yu., Russian songs e dekọrọ kpọmkwem site na olu nke ndị mmadụ, vol. 1, M., 1879; Palchikov N., egwu ndị ala ala e dekọrọ na obodo Nikolaevka, mpaghara Menzelinsky, mpaghara Ufa, M., 1888; Lopatin HM, Prokunin VP, Nchịkọta nke egwu egwu ndị Russia, akụkụ 1-2, M., 1889; Lineva E., nnukwu egwu ndị Rọshịa na nkwekọ nke ọha, vol. 1, St. Petersburg, 1904; Gippius E., Na polyphony ndị Russia na njedebe 1948 - mmalite narị afọ nke abụọ, "Soviet Ethnography", 2, Nke 1960; Rudneva A., Russian folk ukwe na-arụ ọrụ na ya, M., 1974, otu, 1961; Bershadskaya T., Isi ihe mejupụtara ụkpụrụ nke polyphony nke Russian folk peasant song, L., 1; Popova T., ihe okike egwu ndị Russia, vol. 1962, M., 1965; Asafiev B., Ntinye okwu, M.-L., 1971; Mozheiko Z., Omenala egwu nke Belarusian Polissya. Obodo Tonezh, Minsk, 1972; Ihe atụ nke polyphony ndị mmadụ, comp., mkpokọta. ed. na okwu mmalite nke I. Zemtsovsky, L.-M., XNUMX.

II Zemtsovsky