Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky |

Osip Kozlovsky

N'April 28, 1791, ihe karịrị puku ndị ọbịa atọ bịara n'obí Tauride dị ebube nke Prince Potemkin na St. Petersburg. Ọhaneze mepere emepe, nke Empress Catherine II n'onwe ya, gbakọtara ebe a n'oge mmeri dị egwu nke nnukwu ọchịagha A. Suvorov na agha Russia-Turkish - weghara ebe e wusiri ike nke Izmail. A kpọrọ ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-agụ uri, ndị na-agụ egwú ka ha hazie ememe ahụ. G. Derzhavin a ma ama dere, nke G. Potemkin nyere ya, "abụ maka ịbụ abụ n'ememme ahụ." Onye na-eme egwuregwu n'ụlọikpe a ma ama, onye France bụ Le Pic, mere ịgba egwu. Enyere ihe mejupụtara egwu na ntụziaka nke ukwe na ndị egwu egwu n'aka onye egwu amaghi ama O. Kozlovsky, onye so na agha Russia-Turkish. "Ozugbo ndị ọbịa kacha elu deigned nọdụ n'oche ndị a kwadebere maka ha, mgbe ahụ na mberede ụda olu na egwu egwu gbawara, nke nwere narị mmadụ atọ." Otu nnukwu ukwe na ndị egwú na-abụ abụ “Egbè eluigwe nke mmeri, na-ada ụda.” Polonaise nwere mmetụta siri ike. Ọchịchọ izugbe kpalitere ọ bụghị nanị site n'amaokwu ndị mara mma nke Derzhavin, kamakwa site na egwu dị egwu, na-egbukepụ egbukepụ, jupụtara na egwu jubilation na-eme ememe, onye dere ya bụ Osip Kozlovsky - otu onye ọrụ na-eto eto, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị sitere na mba, onye rutere St. retinue nke Prince Potemkin n'onwe ya. Site na mgbede ahụ, aha Kozlovsky ghọrọ onye ama ama na isi obodo, na polonaise ya "Eluigwe nke mmeri, ụda" ghọrọ abụ Russian ruo ogologo oge. Ònye bụ onye na-ede egwú a nwere nkà bụ onye chọtara ụlọ nke abụọ na Russia, onye edemede nke polonaises mara mma, abụ, egwu egwu?

A mụrụ Kozlovsky n'ime ezinụlọ ndị Poland. Akụkọ ihe mere eme echekwabeghị ozi gbasara oge mbụ, oge Polish nke ndụ ya. A maghị ndị mụrụ ya. Aha ndị nkuzi mbụ ya, bụ ndị nyere ya ezigbo ụlọ akwụkwọ aka aka, erubeghị anyị. Ọrụ bara uru nke Kozlovsky malitere na Warsaw Church nke St. Jan, ebe onye na-egwu egwu na-eto eto jere ozi dị ka organist na chorister. N'afọ 1773, a kpọrọ ya òkù dị ka onye nkuzi egwu na ụmụ nke onye nnọchiteanya Polish Andrzej Ogiński. ( Nwa akwụkwọ ya bụ Michal Kleofas Oginsky mechara bụrụ onye na-ede egwú a ma ama.) Na 1786 Kozlovsky sonyeere ndị agha Russia. Prince Potemkin hụrụ onye uwe ojii na-eto eto. Ọdịdị na-adọrọ adọrọ, talent, olu ụtọ nke Kozlovsky dọtara onye ọ bụla nọ ya gburugburu. N'oge ahụ, onye na-ede egwú Ịtali a ma ama J. Sarti, bụ onye na-ahazi ihe ntụrụndụ nke onye isi hụrụ n'anya, nọ na-eje ozi Potemkin. Kozlovsky sokwa na ha, na-eme abụ ya na polonaises. Mgbe Potemkin nwụsịrị, ọ chọtara onye nkwado ọhụrụ na onye St. Petersburg philanthropist Count L. Naryshkin, onye na-ahụ n'anya nke ukwuu. Kozlovsky biri n'ụlọ ya na Moika ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Ndị na-eme ememme si n'isi obodo na-anọkarị ebe a: ndị na-ede uri G. Derzhavin na N. Lvov, ndị na-egwu egwú I. Prach na V. Trutovsky (ndị mbụ na-achịkọta nchịkọta nke egwu ndị Russia), Sarti, violinist I. Khandoshkin na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Ewoo! – nke ahụ bụ hell Ebe ije, ịchọ mma uto Masịrị niile ekiri na ebe, n'okpuru ụtọ ịbụ abụ nke muses Kozlovsky na-adọrọ mmasị ụda! -

dere, na-echeta mgbede egwu na Naryshkin, onye na-ede uri Derzhavin. Na 1796, Kozlovsky lara ezumike nká, na ebe ọ bụ na mgbe ahụ music aghọwo ya isi ọrụ. A maara ya nke ọma na St. Petersburg. Ya polonaises égbè eluigwe na ogige bọọlụ; n'ebe ọ bụla ha na-abụ abụ "Russian songs" ya (nke ahụ bụ aha nke romances dabeere n'amaokwu nke Russian poet). Ọtụtụ n'ime ha, dị ka "Achọrọ m ịbụ nnụnụ", "Akara obi ọjọọ", "Bee" (Art. Derzhavin), bụ ndị ewu ewu karịsịa. Kozlovsky bụ otu n'ime ndị okike nke Russian romance (ndị dịkọrọ ndụ na-akpọ ya onye kere ụdị ọhụrụ Russian songs). Maara egwu ndị a na M. Glinka. N'afọ 1823, ọ bịarutere Novospasskoye, ọ kụziiri nwanne ya nwanyị nke nta Lyudmila egwu Kozlovsky na-ewu ewu n'oge ahụ "Golden bee, gịnị mere i ji na-egwu egwu". “… Ọ tụrụ ya n'anya nke ukwuu ka m si bụrụ abụ…” - L. Shestakova mechara cheta.

N'afọ 1798, Kozlovsky kere ọrụ egwu egwu - Requiem, nke e mere na February 25 na St. Petersburg Catholic Church na ememe olili nke eze Polish Stanislav August Poniatowski.

N'afọ 1799, Kozlovsky nwetara ọnọdụ onye nyocha, mgbe ahụ, site na 1803, onye nduzi egwu maka ụlọ ihe nkiri nke alaeze ukwu. Ịmara gburugburu ebe nka nka, na ndị na-ede egwuregwu Rọshịa kpaliri ya ịtụgharị n'ịhazi egwu egwuregwu. Ụdị ọmarịcha ụdị ọdachi Russia nke chịrị na ogbo na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 8 masịrị ya. N'ebe a, ọ nwere ike igosi nkà ya dị egwu. Egwu Kozlovsky, jupụtara na pathos obi ike, mere ka mmetụta nke ndị dike ahụ dị egwu sikwuo ike. Ọrụ dị mkpa na ọdachi ndị ahụ bụ nke òtù egwú. Naanị ọnụọgụ symphonic (overtures, intermissions), yana ndị otu ukwe, hiwere ntọala nke egwu egwu. Kozlovsky kere egwu maka ọdachi "dike-enwe mmetụta" nke V. Ozerov ("Oedipus na Athens" na "Fingal"), Y. Knyazhnin ("Vladisan"), A. Shakhovsky ("Deborah") na A. Gruzintsev (" Oedipus Rex ”), na ọdachi nke onye France na-ede egwuregwu J. Racine (na nsụgharị Russian nke P. Katenin) "Esther". Ọrụ kacha mma Kozlovsky na ụdị a bụ egwu maka ọdachi Ozerov "Fingal". Ma onye na-ede egwuregwu na onye na-ede egwú n'ọtụtụ ụzọ tụrụ anya ụdị ihe nkiri ịhụnanya n'ọdịnihu na ya. Agba siri ike nke Middle Ages, ihe onyonyo nke akụkọ akụkọ Scottish oge ochie (ọdachi a dabere na nkata nke egwu Celtic Bard Ossian banyere dike dike Fingal) Kozlovsky gosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya na egwu egwu dị iche iche - overture, intermissions, ukwe, ihe nkiri ballet, melodrama. Ihe ngosi nke ọdachi "Fingal" mere na December 1805, XNUMX na St. Petersburg Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Ihe omume ahụ mere ka ndị na-ege ntị nwee mmasị na okomoko nke nhazi, uri ọma Ozerov. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị njọ na-egwuri egwu na ya.

Ọrụ Kozlovsky na ụlọ ihe nkiri nke alaeze ukwu gara n'ihu ruo n'afọ 1819, mgbe a manyere onye na-ede egwú, nke nwere ọrịa siri ike gbuo ya, ịla ezumike nká. Laa azụ na 1815, ya na D. Bortnyansky na ndị ọzọ na-agụ egwú n'oge ahụ, Kozlovsky ghọrọ onye na-asọpụrụ St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. E chekwaa obere ozi gbasara afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ onye egwu. A maara na na 1822-23. ọ gara Poland na nwa ya nwanyị, ma ọ chọghị ịnọ ebe ahụ: Petersburg aghọọla obodo ya ogologo oge. "Aha Kozlovsky jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ihe ncheta, na-atọ ụtọ maka obi ndị Russia," ka onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ na Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti dere. "A na-anụ ụda egwu nke Kozlovsky dere n'obí eze, n'ime ụlọ ndị a ma ama na n'ụlọ ndị nwere ọnọdụ. Onye na-amaghị, onye na-anụbeghị polonaise dị ebube na ndị na-abụ abụ: "Eluigwe nke mmeri, ụda olu" ... Onye na-adịghị echeta polonaise nke Kozlovsky dere maka nchichi nke Emperor Alexander Pavlovich "Rumor na-efe efe dị ka akụ ndị Russia na nku ọla edo”… Ọgbọ dum na-abụ abụ ugbu a na-abụ abụ ọtụtụ abụ Kozlovsky, nke o dere ya na okwu Y. Neledinsky-Meletsky. Enweghị ndị iro. na mgbakwunye na Count Oginsky, na ihe odide nke polonaises na egwu ndị mmadụ, Kozlovsky nwetara nkwado nke ndị ọkachamara na ihe ndị dị elu. … Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky bụ nwoke nwere obiọma, dị jụụ, na-enwe mmekọrịta enyi na enyi na-adịgide adịgide, ma hapụkwa ezi ncheta. Aha ya ga-ewere ọnọdụ nsọpụrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu Russia. Enwere ndị na-ede egwú Russia ole na ole n'ozuzu, na OA Kozlovsky na-eguzo n'ahịrị n'ihu n'etiti ha.

A. Sokolova