Egwu ihe nkiri |

Egwu ihe nkiri bụ akụkụ nke ọrụ ihe nkiri, otu n'ime ụzọ dị mkpa o si egosipụta. Na mmepe nke art-va muses. Nhazi nke ihe nkiri ahụ na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti oge ịgbachi nkịtị na oge nke sinima ụda.

Na sinima gbachiri nkịtị, egwu abụbeghị akụkụ na fim ahụ. Ọ pụtaghị na usoro ịme ihe nkiri ahụ, ma n'oge ngosi ya - ihe nkiri vidio na-esonyere ndị pianist-illustrators, trios, na mgbe ụfọdụ ndị egwú. Ka o sina dị, mkpa zuru oke maka egwu. nkwado ugbua n'oge mmalite a na mmepe nke sinima gosiri ọdịdị ụda-anya ya. Egwu abụrụla ihe dị mkpa na-akpakọrịta na ihe nkiri ahụ gbachiri nkịtị. E wepụtara ọba egwu ndị akwadoro ka ha soro ihe nkiri. na-arụ ọrụ. N'ịkwado ọrụ nke ndị na-egwu egwu-ndị na-ese ihe, n'otu oge ahụ na-ebute ihe ize ndụ nke ọkọlọtọ, subordination nke nkà dị iche iche. echiche na otu ụkpụrụ nke kpọmkwem ihe atụ. Ya mere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, melodrama sonye ya na egwu ịhụnanya hysterical, ọchị. ihe nkiri - humoresques, scherzos, ihe nkiri ihe nkiri - na gallop, wdg. Mgbalị ịmepụta egwu mbụ maka ihe nkiri malitere na afọ mbụ nke ịdị adị nke sinima. Na 1908 C. Saint-Saens dere egwu (otu ụlọ maka eriri, ngwa, piano na harmonium na akụkụ 5) maka mmalite nke ihe nkiri The Assassination of the Duke of Guise. E mere nnwale ndị yiri ya na Germany, USA.

Na Sov. Njikọ na ọbịbịa nke ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ọhụrụ, mgbanwe mgbanwe, ụzọ dị iche iche maka cinematography bilitere - claviers mbụ na akara egwu malitere ịmepụta. nkwado nke ụfọdụ ihe nkiri. Otu n'ime ndị a ma ama bụ egwu DD Shostakovich maka ihe nkiri "Babịlọn ọhụrụ" (1929). Na 1928 ọ. onye na-ede egwú E. Meisel dere egwu iji gosi ikwiikwii. Ihe nkiri "Battleship Potemkin" na Berlin. Ndị na-ede egwú chọrọ ịchọta ngwọta egwu pụrụ iche, nke nọọrọ onwe ya na nke siri ike, kpebisiri ike site na dramaturgy nke cinematography. mmepụta, ya esịtidem nzukọ.

Site n'ichepụta akụrụngwa ndekọ ụda, ihe nkiri ọ bụla nwetara ụda egwu pụrụ iche nke ya. Ogologo ụda ya gụnyere okwu na-ada ụda na mkpọtụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na a mụrụ ụda sinima, ugbua na 1930. e nwere nkewa nke cinematography n'ime intraframe - ihe, nke na-akpali akpali, nke ziri ezi site na ụda ngwá ọrụ e gosipụtara na etiti, ụda ụda redio, ịbụ abụ nke agwa, wdg, na offscreen - "onye edemede", "ọnọdụ". Egwu na-apụ apụ, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, wepụ ya na ihe omume ahụ ma n'otu oge ahụ na-egosipụta ihe omume nke ihe nkiri ahụ, na-egosipụta usoro zoro ezo nke atụmatụ ahụ.

N'ime ihe nkiri nke 30s, bụ ndị a ma ama maka nhụsianya ha dị nkọ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ederede ụda nwetara nnukwu mkpa; okwu na omume abụrụla ụzọ kacha mkpa e si ama agwa. Dị otú ahụ a cinematic Ọdịdị chọrọ nnukwu ego nke intra-frame music, kpọmkwem concretizing oge na ebe nke edinam. Ndị na-ede egwú chọsiri ike ịkọwa ihe ngosi nke onwe ha. ihe oyiyi; egwu in-frame ghọrọ enyo. mmalite 30s. akara site na nchọ maka nsonye semantic nke egwu na ihe nkiri dị ka cinematic bara uru ma dị mkpa. akụrụngwa. Otu n'ime ụdị egwu kachasị ewu ewu nke njirimara na ihe omume nke ihe nkiri ahụ bụ egwu. A na-agbasa egwu n'ọtụtụ ebe n'oge a. ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị dabere na abụ ewu ewu.

Omuma samples nke K. nke a ụdị e kere IO Dunaevsky. Egwu ya, egwu maka ihe nkiri ("Merry Fellows", 1934, "Circus", 1936, "Volga-Volga", 1938, dir. GA Alexandrov; "Rich Bride", 1938, "Kuban Cossacks", 1950, nke IA na-eduzi. Pyriev), nke nwere àgwà obi ụtọ, nke a na-ahụ anya site na leitmotif nke njirimara, isiokwu. mfe, ezi obi, nwetara nnukwu ewu ewu.

Tinyere Dunayevsky, omenala egwu nke imepụta ihe nkiri bụ ndị na-ede egwú br. Pokrass, TN Khrennikov na ndị ọzọ, mgbe e mesịrị, na 50s-mmalite. NV Bogoslovsky, A. Ya. Eshpay, A. Ya. Lepin, AN Pakhmutova, AP Petrov, VE Basner, MG Fradkin na ndị ọzọ Ihe nkiri "Chapaev" (70, ndị nduzi nwanne Vasiliev, comp. GN Popov) bụ ihe dị iche iche site na nkwekọ na izi ezi nke nhọrọ nke egwu intra-frame. The song-intonation Ọdịdị nke ihe nkiri (ndabere nke dị ịrịba ama mmepe bụ ndị mmadụ song), nke nwere otu leitingtonation, kpọmkwem e ji mara ihe oyiyi nke Chapaev.

Na fim nke 30s. mmekọrịta dị n'etiti onyonyo na egwu dabere na Ch. arr. dabere na ụkpụrụ nke myirịta: egwu na-emewanye nke a ma ọ bụ mmetụta ahụ, ọnọdụ nke onye na-ede ihe nkiri ahụ kere, àgwà ya n'àgwà, ọnọdụ, wdg na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo omimi. Nke kacha mmasị na nke a bụ egwu ọhụrụ DD Shostakovich maka ihe nkiri Alone (1931, dir. GM Kozintsev), Ugwu Golden (1931, dir. SI Yutkevich), The Counter (1932, nke FM Ermler, SI Yutkevich duziri). Tinyere Shostakovich, isi ikwiikwii na-abịa na sinima. ndị na-agụ egwú symphonic - SS Prokofiev, Yu. A. Shaporin, AI Khachaturian, DB Kablevsky na ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-arụkọ ọrụ na sinima n'oge ndụ ha niile nke okike. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe oyiyi ndị bilitere na K. ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka egwu egwu onwe ha. ma ọ bụ egwu egwu. prod. (cantata "Alexander Nevsky" nke Prokofiev na ndị ọzọ). Tinyere ndị nduzi ogbo, ndị na-ede egwú na-achọ ihe ngosi ihe ndị bụ isi. mkpebi nke ihe nkiri ahụ, gbalịsie ike ịghọta nsogbu nke ebe na nzube nke egwu na sinima. Obodo okike n'ezie jikọtara kọmputa ahụ. SS Prokofiev na Dir. SM Eisenstein, onye na-arụ ọrụ na nsogbu nke ụda-visual Ọdịdị nke ihe nkiri. Eisenstein na Prokofiev chọtara ụdị mmekọrịta mbụ dị n'etiti egwu na nka anya. Egwu Prokofiev maka ihe nkiri Eisenstein "Alexander Nevsky" (1938) na "Ivan the Terrible" (usoro nke mbụ - 1; ntọhapụ na ihuenyo 1945nd - 2) bụ ihe dị iche na nkenke, convexity sculptural nke muses. onyonyo, kpọmkwem dakọtara ha na uda na ike ga-egosi. ngwọta (mmepụta ọhụrụ mepụtara ụda-visual counterpoint ruru izu okè pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ nke Agha na Ice site na ihe nkiri "Alexander Nevsky"). Ọrụ nkwonkwo na sinima, nchọpụta okike nke Eisenstein na Prokofiev nyere aka n'ichebe ihe nkiri dị ka ụzọ dị mkpa nke nkà. nkwuputa okwu. Omenala a nakweere mgbe e mesịrị site na ndị na-ede egwú nke 1958 - mmalite. 50s Ọchịchọ maka nnwale, nchọpụta nke ohere ọhụrụ maka ijikọta egwu na ihe oyiyi na-egosi ọdịiche nke ọrụ EV Denisov, RK Shchedrin, ML Tariverdiev, NN Karetnikov, AG Schnittke, BA Tchaikovsky na ndị ọzọ .

Nnukwu ihe nka. izugbe, njirimara nke egwu dị ka nka n'ozuzu, kpebisiri ike ọrụ ya na ọrụ ihe nkiri: K. na-arụ ọrụ "... ọrụ nke ihe oyiyi n'ozuzu ya n'ihe gbasara ihe ngosi ahụ ..." (SM Eisenstein), na-enye gị ohere igosipụta ihe kachasị mkpa. echiche ma ọ bụ echiche maka ihe nkiri ahụ. Igwe ihe nkiri na-ada ụda nke oge a na-enye ọnụnọ nke muses na fim ahụ. echiche. Ọ na-adabere na iji ma anya ihuenyo na intra-frame, egwu na-akpali akpali, nke na-abụkarị ụzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe, ma nghọta miri emi na nke aghụghọ n'ime ihe dị mkpa nke ihe odide mmadụ. Tinyere n'ọtụtụ ebe nke usoro nke kpọmkwem parallelism nke egwu na ihe oyiyi, "counterpuntal" ojiji nke music na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ na-esiwanye mkpa (nke SM Eisenstein nyochara ihe ọ pụtara ọbụna tupu ọbịbịa nke sinima ụda). Ewubere ya na egwu dị iche iche nke egwu na ihe onyonyo, usoro a na-eme ka ihe nkiri nke ihe omume egosipụtara (mgbapụ nke ndị ejidere na ihe nkiri Italy The Long Night nke 1943, 1960, na-esonyere ya na egwu na-enye obi ụtọ nke njem fasizist; obi ụtọ ikpeazụ. ngosipụta nke ihe nkiri Ịtali Ịgba alụkwaghịm na Ịtali, 1961, gafere na ụda njem olili ozu). pụtara. egwu amalitela evolushọn. leitmotif nke na-ekpughekarị izugbe, echiche kachasị mkpa nke ihe nkiri ahụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, isiokwu Gelsomina na ihe nkiri Italy The Road, 1954, nke F. Fellini duziri, onye ọchị ọchị N. Rota). Mgbe ụfọdụ n'oge a Na fim ahụ, a na-eji egwu eme ihe ọ bụghị iji kwalite, kama ọ nwere mmetụta mmetụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na fim "400 Blows" (1959), onye nduzi F. Truffaut na onye na-ede egwú A. Constantin na-agbalịsi ike maka oke egwu. isiokwu iji gbaa onye na-ekiri ume ka ọ nyochaa ezi uche nke ihe na-eme na ihuenyo.

Muses. echiche nke ihe nkiri na-adabere kpọmkwem n'echiche onye edemede. Ya mere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Japan. ihe nkiri "The Naked Island" (1960, dir. K. Shindo, comp. X. Hayashi), nke na-akọ banyere ndụ obi ọjọọ, siri ike, ma nwee nzube miri emi nke ndị mmadụ na-eme duel na ọdịdị na mgba maka ịdị adị, egwu na-apụta mgbe niile. na gbaa na-egosi kwa ụbọchị ọrụ nke ndị a, na ozugbo na-apụ n'anya mgbe isi ihe na-abanye ná ndụ ha. Na ihe nkiri "The Ballad of a Soldier" (1959, dir. G. Chukhrai, comp. M. Ziv), wepụtara dị ka onye na-agụ egwú. akụkọ, onyonyo egwu nwere adv. ndabere; achọtara site na onye na-ede egwú intonation na-akwado ịdị mma ebighi ebi na nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke mmekọrịta dị mfe ma dị mma.

Egwu maka ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ike ịbụ nke mbụ, nke edere kpọmkwem maka ihe nkiri a, ma ọ bụ nke nwere egwu egwu, egwu, egwu oge ochie. egwu na-arụ ọrụ. Na sinima nke oge a na-ejikarị egwu nke oge ochie - J. Haydn, JS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, na ndị ọzọ, na-enyere ndị na-ese ihe nkiri aka ijikọta akụkọ nke oge a. ụwa na elu humanistic. omenala.

Egwu na-anọ ebe kacha mkpa na egwu. ihe nkiri, akụkọ raara onwe ya nye banyere ndị na-ede egwú, ndị na-agụ egwú, ndị na-egwu egwu. Ọ na-eme ihe nkiri ụfọdụ. ọrụ (ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ akụkọ gbasara ịmepụta otu egwu egwu), ma ọ bụ tinye ya na fim dị ka nọmba ntinye. Ọrụ bụ isi nke egwu na mmegharị ihe nkiri nke opera ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi ballet, yana ndị nwere onwe ha emebere na ntọala operas na ballet. mmepụta ihe nkiri. Uru nke ụdị cinematography a bụ isi na mgbasa ozi sara mbara nke ọrụ kacha mma nke kpochapụwo. na egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ. N'ime afọ 60. na France, e mere mgbalị imepụta ụdị nke opera ihe nkiri mbụ (The Umbrellas of Cherbourg, 1964, dir. J. Demy, comp. M. Legrand).

Agụnyere egwu n'ime ihe nkiri, ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri sayensị ama ama. Na fim ndị na-akpali akpali, usoro egwu nke ha etolitela. imewe. Ihe kachasị n'ime ha bụ usoro nke egwu egwu na ihe oyiyi: egwu na-ekwughachi ma ọ bụ na-eṅomi mmegharị na ihuenyo (ọzọkwa, nsonaazụ ya nwere ike ịbụ ma parodic na lyrical). pụtara. mmasị na nke a bụ ihe nkiri Amer. dir. W. Disney, na karịsịa ihe osise ya sitere na usoro "Funny Symphonies", na-etinye muses a ma ama na ihe oyiyi anya. prod. (dịka ọmụmaatụ, "Dance of the Skeletons" na egwu egwu egwu nke C. Saint-Saens "Dance of Death", wdg).

Ogbo mmepe egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ. A na-eji nhazi nke ihe nkiri ahụ site na nha nha egwu egwu n'etiti akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ọrụ ihe nkiri ahụ. Egwu ihe nkiri bụ otu n'ime olu kacha mkpa nke sinima. polyphony, nke na-abụkarị isi ihe na-ekpughe ọdịnaya nke ihe nkiri ahụ.

References: Bugoslavsky S., Messman V., Egwu na sinima. Na fim na ihu egwu, M., 1926; Blok DS, Vugoslavsky SA, Egwuregwu egwu na sinima, M.-L., 1929; London K., Egwu ihe nkiri, trans. sitere na German, M.-L., 1937; Ioffe II, Egwu nke sinima Soviet, L., 1938; Cheremukhin MM, Egwu ihe nkiri ụda, M., 1939; Korganov T., Frolov I., Cinema na egwu. Egwu n’ime ihe ngosi nke ihe nkiri ahụ, M., 1964; Petrova Ọ BỤRỤ, Egwu nke sinima Soviet, M., 1964; Eisenstein S., Site na akwụkwọ ozi na Prokofiev, "SM", 1961, Mba 4; ya, Onye isi na onye na-ede egwú, ibid., 1964, Mba 8; Fried E., Egwu na sinima Soviet, (L., 1967); Lissa Z., Aesthetics nke egwu ihe nkiri, M., 1970.

IM Shilova