Золтан Кодай (Zoltan Kodály) |

Zoltán Kodály

Nkà ya nwere ebe pụrụ iche na egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ihi njirimara ndị jikọtara ya na ngosipụta uri kacha mara amara nke mkpụrụ obi Hungarian: egwu egwu, oke echiche nke ọwụwa anyanwụ, nkenke na ịdọ aka ná ntị nke nkwupụta, na nke kachasị ekele maka ifuru dị ụtọ. nke abụ olu ụtọ. B. Sabolchi

Z. Kodály, onye na-ede egwú Hungary pụtara ìhè na onye na-agụ egwú-folklorist, jikọtara ihe okike ya na egwu egwu na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Hungarian, na mgba maka mmepe nke omenala obodo. Ọtụtụ afọ nke ọrụ Kodály nke na-amị mkpụrụ ma na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ dị ezigbo mkpa maka nguzobe nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ Hungary nke oge a. Dị ka B. Bartok, Kodály kere ya ụdị edemede na ndabere nke okike mmejuputa iwu nke kasị àgwà na viable omenala ndị Hungarian nkịtị akụkọ ifo, jikọtara ya na oge a ụzọ nke egwu okwu.

Kodai malitere ịmụ egwu n'okpuru nduzi nke nne ya, na-ekere òkè na mgbede egwu ezinụlọ ọdịnala. Na 1904 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Budapest Academy of Music na diploma dị ka onye na-ede egwú. Kodály nwetakwara agụmakwụkwọ mahadum (akwụkwọ, ịma mma, mmụta asụsụ). Site na 1905 ọ malitere ịnakọta na mụọ egwu ndị Hungary. Mmekọrịta ya na Bartok ghọrọ ọbụbụenyi dị ogologo oge siri ike na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ọhịa nke akụkọ sayensị. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Kodály gara Berlin na Paris (1906-07), bụ ebe ọ gụrụ omenala egwú Western Europe. N'afọ 1907-19. Kodály bụ prọfesọ na Budapest Academy of Music (klas nke tiori, mejupụtara). N'ime afọ ndị a, ọrụ ya na-eme n'ọtụtụ ebe: ọ na-ede egwú; na-aga n'ihu na nchịkọta usoro na ọmụmụ ihe akụkọ akụkọ ndị nkịtị Hungarian, na-apụta na akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ka onye na-agụ egwú na onye nkatọ, ma na-ekere òkè na egwu egwu na ndụ ọha mmadụ nke mba ahụ. N'ihe odide nke Kodaly na 1910. - piano na olu cycles, quartets, chamber instrumental ensembles - organically jikọtara ọdịnala nke egwu oge gboo, mmejuputa ihe okike nke njirimara nke akụkọ ọdịnala ndị obodo Hungary na ihe ọhụrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ọhịa nke asụsụ egwu. Ọrụ ya na-enweta nyocha ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ya site n'aka ndị nkatọ na obodo egwu Hungarian. Akụkụ na-echekwa nche nke ndị na-ege ntị na ndị nkatọ na-ahụ na Kodai naanị imebi ọdịnala. onye na-eme nnwale na-atụghị egwu, ọ bụ naanị ndị egwu ole na ole na-ahụ anya na-ejikọta ọdịnihu nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Hungarian ọhụrụ na aha ya.

N'oge e guzobere Hungarian Republic (1919), Kodály bụ osote onye isi nke State Higher School of Musical Art aha ya. F. Liszt (nke a bụ otú e si nyegharịa Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Academy aha); ya na Bartók na E. Dohnanyi, ọ ghọrọ onye otu ndekọ aha egwu, nke zubere ịgbanwe ndụ egwu nke obodo. Maka ọrụ a n'okpuru ọchịchị Horthy, a kpagburu Kodály ma kwụsịtụ ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ maka afọ 2 (ọ kụzikwaara ihe mejupụtara na 1921-40). 20-30s – ụbọchị ọmarịcha ọrụ Kodály, ọ na-emepụta ọrụ ndị mere ka ọ bụrụ aha ụwa na amara: “Abụ Ọma Hungary” maka ndị ukwe, ndị egwú na ndị soloist (1923); opera Sekey Spinning Mill (1924, mbipụta nke abụọ 2); opera Heroic-Comic opera Hari Janos (1932). "Te Deum nke Buda Castle" maka ndị soloists, ukwe, organ na orchestra (1926); Concerto maka ndị egwú (1936); "Egwu egwu sitere na Marošsek" (1939) na "Dances from Talent" (1930) maka ndị egwú, wdg N'otu oge ahụ, Kodai gara n'ihu na-eme nchọpụta na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ọhịa nke akụkọ ifo. Ọ zụlitere usoro mmụta egwu egwu na agụmakwụkwọ ya, nke ndabere ya bụ nghọta nke egwu ndị mmadụ site na nwata, na-etinye ya dị ka asụsụ egwu obodo. Usoro Kodály ka amatala nke ọma wee mepụta ọ bụghị naanị na Hungary, kamakwa n'ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ 1939, isiokwu, ihe enyemaka nkuzi, gụnyere monograph Hungarian Folk Music (200, sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Russian). Kodály bụkwa onye isi oche nke International Council for Folk Music (1937-1963).

Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Kodály nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike. N'ime ọrụ ya nke oge agha post-agha, opera Zinka Panna (1948), Symphony (1961), na cantata Kalai Kettesh (1950) nwetara ama ama. Kodály rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke nwere ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya. Ọ gara ọtụtụ mba, gara USSR ugboro abụọ (1947, 1963).

N’ịkọwa ọrụ Kodály, enyi ya na onye ọrụ ibe ya Bela Bartok dere, sị: “Ọrụ ndị a bụ nkwupụta nke mkpụrụ obi Hungary. N'èzí, a kọwara nke a site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọrụ Kodály gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ naanị na egwu ndị Hungary. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na Kodai nwere okwukwe na-enweghị atụ n'ike ike ihe nke ndị ya na ọdịnihu ha.

A. Malinkovskaya