Isaac Albéniz |

Isaac albeniz

Enwere ike iji echiche egwu dị egwu ma dị egwu nke Albeniz tụnyere iko jupụtara na mmanya dị ọcha, nke anwụ Mediterranean na-ekpo ọkụ. F. Pedrel

Aha I. Albeniz enweghị ikewapụ ya na ntụziaka ọhụrụ nke egwu Spanish Renacimiento, nke bilitere na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 10-6. Onye kpaliri mmegharị a bụ F. Pedrel, onye kwadoro ntughari nke omenala mba Spain. Albéniz na E. Granados kere ihe atụ mbụ nke oge gboo nke egwu Spanish ọhụrụ, na ọrụ M. de Falla ghọrọ isi n'omume a. Renacimiento nabatara ndụ nka niile nke obodo ahụ. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị na-ede uri, ndị na-ese ihe bịara ya: R. Valle-Inklan, X. Jimenez, A. Machado, R. Pidal, M. Unamuno. A mụrụ Albéniz na 1868 kilomita site na ókèala France. Ikike egwu pụrụ iche nyere ya ohere ka ya na nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ Clementine mee egwuregwu n'ihu ọha na Barcelona mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. Ọ bụ n'aka nwanne ya nwanyị ka nwa nwoke ahụ nwetara ozi mbụ gbasara egwu. Mgbe ọ dị afọ XNUMX, Albeniz, ya na nne ya, gara Paris, bụ ebe ọ natara nkuzi piano site n'aka Prọfesọ A. Marmontel. Na XNUMX, e bipụtara ihe mbụ onye na-eto eto na-egwu egwu, "Military March" maka piano, na Madrid.

N'afọ 1869, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Madrid, nwa nwoke ahụ abanyekwa na ụlọ akwụkwọ nchekwa na klas M. Mendisabal. Mgbe Albeniz dị afọ 10, ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ na-achọ njem. Na Cadiz, e jidere ya ma zigara ndị mụrụ ya, mana Albeniz jisiri ike banye n'ụgbọ mmiri na-aga South America. Na Buenos Aires, ọ na-ebi ndụ jupụtara n'ihe isi ike, ruo mgbe otu n'ime ndị obodo ya na-ahazi ọtụtụ ihe nkiri maka ya na Argentina, Uruguay na Brazil.

Mgbe ọ na-aga Cuba na USA, ebe Albeniz, ka ọ ghara ịnwụ n'agụụ, na-arụ ọrụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, nwa okorobịa ahụ rutere Leipzig, ebe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na conservatory na klas nke S. Jadasson (ederede) na na K. Reinecke (piano). N'ọdịnihu, ọ ka mma na Brussels Conservatory - otu n'ime ndị kasị mma na Europe, na piano na L. Brassin, na mejupụtara na F. Gevaart.

Mmetụta dị ukwuu na Albeniz bụ nzukọ ya na F. Liszt na Budapest, bụ ebe onye egwu Spanish rutere. Liszt kwetara na-edu Albeniz, na nke a nanị bụ a elu ntule nke talent ya. Na 80s - mmalite 90s. Albeniz na-eduga na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-aga nke ọma concert ọrụ, njegharị n'ọtụtụ mba nke Europe (Germany, England, France) na America (Mexico, Cuba). Pianism ya na-egbuke egbuke na-adọta ndị dịkọrọ ndụ site na nchapụta ya na ịdị mma ya. Ndị nta akụkọ Spanish na-akpọ ya otu olu "Spanish Rubinstein". "N'ịmepụta ihe nke ya, Albéniz na-echetara Rubinstein," Pedrel dere.

Malite na 1894, onye na-ede egwú bi na Paris, bụ ebe ọ na-emeziwanye ihe odide ya na ndị na-ede egwú French a ma ama dị ka P. Dukas na V. d'Andy. Ọ na-etolite mmekọrịta chiri anya na C. Debussy, onye àgwà okike ya metụtakwara Albeniz nke ukwuu, egwu ya nke afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. N'ime afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Albéniz duuru Renacimiento ije, na-aghọta ụkpụrụ aesthetic ụkpụrụ nke Pedrel na ọrụ ya. Ọrụ kachasị mma nke onye na-ede egwú bụ ihe atụ nke ezigbo mba na n'otu oge ahụ ụdị mbụ. Albeniz tụgharịrị gaa na egwu na-ewu ewu na ụdị ịgba egwu (malagena, sevillana), na-emegharị egwu na njirimara njirimara mpaghara dị iche iche nke Spain. Egwu ya niile juputara na ụda olu ndị mmadụ na ụda okwu.

N'ime ihe nketa dị ukwuu nke onye na-ede egwú nke Albeniz (egwu egwu na egwu egwu, zarzuela, na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị egwú, ụda olu), egwu piano bụ nke kachasị uru. Mkpesa nke akụkọ egwu egwu Spanish, ndị a "nkwado ọla edo nke nkà ndị mmadụ", n'okwu nke onye na-ede egwú, nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na mmepe okike ya. N'ime ihe ndị o dere maka piano, Albéniz na-eji akụkụ nke egwu ndị mmadụ eme ihe, na-ejikọta ha na usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ide ihe. Na ederede piano, ị nwere ike na-anụkarị ụda nke ngwa ndị mmadụ - ịgbà, akpa akpa, karịsịa guitar. N'iji usoro egwu na ụdị egwu egwu nke Castile, Aragon, Basque Country na karịsịa Andalusia, Albeniz adịkarịghị ejide onwe ya na ntinye okwu nke isiokwu ndị mmadụ. Ngwakọta ya kacha mma: "Spanish Suite", suite "Spain" op. 165, okirikiri “egwu Spanish” op. 232, okirikiri nke 12 iberibe "Iberia" (1905-07) - ihe atụ nke ọkachamara music nke ọhụrụ ntụziaka, ebe mba ndabere na- organically jikọtara na rụzuru nke oge a musical art.

V. Ilyev

Isaac Albeniz biri ndụ n'ike n'ike, enweghị nguzozi n'ụzọ ziri ezi, site n'ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nile o tinyere onwe ya n'ọrụ ọ hụrụ n'anya. Oge ọ bụ nwata na ntorobịa ya dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali. Malite mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, Albeniz malitere ịmụta ịkpọ piano. Ha gbalịrị kenye ya na Paris, mgbe ahụ na Madrid Conservatory. Ma mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, nwata ahụ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ, na-eme ihe nkiri. A kpọgara ya n'ụlọ gbapụ ọzọ, na nke ugbu a na South America. Albéniz dị afọ iri na abụọ mgbe ahụ; ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe. Afọ ndị na-esonụ na-agafe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi: na ọkwa dị iche iche nke ịga nke ọma, Albeniz rụrụ n'obodo ndị dị na America, England, Germany na Spain. N'oge njem ya, o nwetara nkuzi n'usoro ihe mejupụtara (site na Carl Reinecke, Solomon Jadasson na Leipzig, site na Francois Gevaart na Brussels).

Nzukọ ya na Liszt na 1878 - Albeniz dị afọ iri na asatọ mgbe ahụ - dị mkpa maka ọdịnihu ya. Ruo afọ abụọ, ọ na-eso Liszt n'ebe niile, na-aghọ nwa akwụkwọ ya kacha nso.

Nkwurịta okwu na Liszt nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Albeniz, ọ bụghị nanị n'ihe gbasara egwu, ma n'ụzọ sara mbara karị - omenala n'ozuzu, omume. Ọ na-agụ ọtụtụ (ndị odee ọkacha mmasị ya bụ Turgenev na Zola), na-agbasawanye nkà ya. Liszt, onye mere kpọrọ ihe ngosi nke ụkpụrụ mba na egwu ya mere nyere ndị na-ede egwú Rọshịa aka imesapụ aka omume dị otú ahụ (site na Glinka ruo The Mighty Handful), na Smetana, na Grieg, na-akpọte ọdịdị mba nke talent Albeniz. Site ugbu a gaa n'ihu, ya na pianistic, ọ na-etinyekwa onwe ya n'ịgụ ihe.

Mgbe o mechachara onwe ya n'okpuru Liszt, Albéniz ghọrọ onye pianist n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. Oge kacha mma nke ihe ngosi egwu ya dabara na afọ 1880-1893. N'oge a, si Barcelona, ​​​​ebe o biri na mbụ, Albeniz kwagara France. N'afọ 1893, Albeniz dara ọrịa siri ike, e mesịakwa, ọrịa ahụ machiri ya n'àkwà. Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri anọ na itoolu.

Ihe nketa okike nke Albéniz buru ibu - o nwere ihe dika narị ise, nke ihe di ka narị ato bu maka pianoforte; n'etiti ndị ọzọ - operas, symphonic ọrụ, romances, wdg N'ihe banyere nka uru, ya nketa bụ nnọọ na-ezighị ezi. Onye na-ese ihe n'ụzọ mmetụta uche nke ukwuu enweghị mmetụta nke njide onwe onye. O dere n'ụzọ dị mfe na ngwa ngwa, dị ka à ga-asị na ọ na-emeziwanye ihe, ma ọ bụghị mgbe nile ka ọ na-enwe ike ime ka ihe dị mkpa pụta ìhè, tụfuo ihe ndị na-enweghị isi, ma daba n'ọtụtụ mmetụta.

Ya mere, n'ime ọrụ mbụ ya - n'okpuru mmetụta nke castisismo - e nwere ọtụtụ nke elu elu, Ụlọ Mmanya. A na-echekwa ihe ndị a mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime ihe odide ndị e mesịrị. Na ebe a bụ ihe atụ ọzọ: na 90s, n'oge ya okike ntozu okè, na-enwe oké ego isi ike, Albeniz kwetara dee a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke operas ọrụ nke onye ọgaranya English onye concocted a libretto maka ha; Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, opera ndị a enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, n'ime afọ iri na ise ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, ụfọdụ ndị edemede French na-emetụta Albéniz (nke kachasị, enyi ya, Paul Duc).

Ma n'ime ọrụ kachasị mma nke Albéniz - ma enwere ọtụtụ n'ime ha! – ya mba-mbụ onye na-ike ike. Achọpụtara ya nke ọma na nyocha mbụ nke okike nke onye na-eto eto - na 80s, ya bụ, ọbụna tupu e bipụta Pedrel's manifesto.

Ọrụ kachasị mma nke Albéniz bụ ndị na-egosipụta mmewere nke mba na egwu egwu, agba na odida obodo Spain. Ndị a bụ, ewezuga ọrụ egwu egwu ole na ole, iberibe piano nyere aha mpaghara, mpaghara, obodo na obodo nta nke ala nna onye dere ya. (Albéniz's best zarzuela, Pepita Jiménez (1896), kwesịkwara ịkpọ aha.. Ndị dị otú ahụ bụ mkpokọta "Spanish tunes", "Characteristic iberibe", "Spanish dance" ma ọ bụ suites "Spain", "Iberia" (aha ochie nke Spain), "Catalonia". N'ime aha egwuregwu ndị a ma ama anyị na-ezute: "Cordoba", "Granada", "Seville", "Navarra", "Malaga", wdg Albeniz nyekwara aha egwu egwu egwuregwu ya ("Seguidilla", "Malaguena", "Polo" na ndị ọzọ).

Kacha zuru ezu na vasatail na ọrụ nke Albeniz mepụtara Andalusian style nke flamenco. Iberibe nke onye na-ede ihe na-agụnye ụdị egwu egwu, ukwe, na nkwekọ nke akọwara n'elu. Onye na-abụ abụ na-emesapụ aka, o nyere atụmatụ egwu ya nke ịma mma anụ ahụ:

Na melodics, a na-ejikarị ntụgharị ọwụwa anyanwụ eme ihe:

N'ịkọwa ụda olu na nhazi sara mbara, Albeniz chegharịrị agwa nke ụda ngwa ikuku ọha:

Ọ kọwapụtara nke ọma mmalite nke ụda guitar na piano:

Ọ bụrụ na anyị achọpụtakwa ọnọdụ ime mmụọ uri nke ngosi na ụdị akụkọ na-ekpo ọkụ (nke metụtara Schumann na Grieg), ọ ga-edo anya na ọ dị mkpa ka e kenyere Albeniz na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu Spanish.

M. Druskin

Ndepụta nke mkpirisi:

Piano na-arụ ọrụ Egwu Spanish (iberibe 5) “Spain” (6 “akwụkwọ mpịakọta”) Spanish suite (iberibe 8) Mpempe njirimara (iberibe iri na abụọ) 12 Egwuregwu Spanish nke mbụ na nke abụọ (iberia 6) “Iberia”, suite (iberia 10 na anọ). akwụkwọ ndetu)

Orchestral na-arụ ọrụ "Catalonia", ụlọ

Opera na zarzuelas “Magic Opal” (1893) “Saint Anthony” (1894) “Henry Clifford” (1895) “Pepita Jimenez” (1896) The King Arthur trilogy (Merlin, Lancelot, Ginevra, ikpeazụ emechabeghị) (1897-1906)

Egwu na egwu (ihe dịka 15)