Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (ETA Hoffmann) |

ETA Hoffman

Hoffmann Ernst Theodor (Wilhelm) Amadeus (24 I 1776, Koenigsberg - 25 June 1822, Berlin) - German odee, onye na-agụ egwú, onye nduzi, onye na-ese ihe. Nwa nke onye ọchịchị, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta iwu na Mahadum Königsberg. Ọ na-etinye aka na akwụkwọ na eserese, ya na nwanne nna ya mụrụ egwu mbụ, na mgbe ahụ na onye na-ahụ maka organist H. Podbelsky (1790-1792), e mesịa na Berlin ọ na-amụ ihe n'ihe ọmụmụ Ọ BỤRỤ na Reichardt. Bụrụ onye nyocha ụlọ ikpe na Glogow, Poznan, Plock. Ebe ọ bụ na 1804, onye kansụl steeti na Warsaw, ebe ọ ghọrọ onye nhazi nke Philharmonic Society, otu egwu egwu egwu, mere dị ka onye nduzi na onye na-ede egwú. Mgbe ndị agha France na-arụ ọrụ Warsaw (1807), Hoffmann laghachiri na Berlin. Na 1808-1813 ọ bụ onye nduzi, onye na-ede egwú na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Bamberg, Leipzig na Dresden. Site na 1814 o bi na Berlin, ebe ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu na ụlọ ọrụ iwu. N'ebe a, Hoffmann dere akwụkwọ edemede ya kachasị mkpa. E bipụtara akụkọ mbụ ya na ibe akwụkwọ akụkọ Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (Leipzig), nke ọ bụbu onye ọrụ kemgbe 1809.

Onye nnọchiteanya pụtara ìhè nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ịhụnanya German, Hoffmann ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị malitere ịhụnanya musical aesthetics na nkatọ. Ugbua na mmalite mmalite na mmepe nke egwu ịhụnanya, o chepụtara atụmatụ ya ma gosipụta ọnọdụ dị egwu nke onye na-agụ egwú ịhụnanya na ọha mmadụ. Hoffmann chere egwu dị ka ụwa pụrụ iche nke nwere ike ikpughere mmadụ ihe mmetụta na agụụ ya pụtara, yana ịghọta ọdịdị nke ihe niile dị omimi na enweghị nkọwa. N'asụsụ nke romanticism nke akwụkwọ, Hoffmann malitere ide banyere ihe dị mkpa nke egwu, banyere ọrụ egwu, ndị na-ede egwú na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. N'ime ọrụ KV Gluck, WA Mozart na karịsịa L. Beethoven, o gosipụtara àgwà ndị na-eduga na ntụziaka ịhụnanya. Ngosipụta doro anya nke echiche egwu na ịma mma Hoffmann bụ akụkọ dị mkpirikpi ya: "Cavalier Gluck" ("Ritter Gluck", 1809), "Ahụhụ egwu nke Johannes Kreisler, Kapellmeister" ("Johannes Kreisler's, des Kapellmeisters musikalische Leiden"), , "Don Giovanni" (1810), mkparịta ụka "Onye na-ede uri na onye na-ede egwú" ("Der Dichter und der Komponist", 1813). E mechara jikọta akụkọ Hoffmann na mkpokọta Fantasies in the Spirit of Callot (Fantasiesucke na Callot's Manier, 1813-1814).

N'ime akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, yana na Fragments of the Biography of Johannes Kreisler, ewebata n'akwụkwọ akụkọ The Worldly Views of the Cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Katers Murr, 1822), Hoffmann kere ihe oyiyi jọgburu onwe ya nke onye egwu sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, Kreisler's "ara. Kapellmeister", onye na-enupụ isi megide ndị mmụọ ozi wee taa ahụhụ. Ọrụ nke Hoffmann na-emetụta ihe ịchọ mma nke KM Weber, R. Schumann, R. Wagner. Ihe oyiyi uri nke Hoffmann gụnyere ọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú - R. Schumann ("Kreislerian"), R. Wagner ("The Flying Dutchman"), PI Tchaikovsky ("The Nutcracker"), AS Adam ("Giselle"). , L. Delibes ("Coppelia"), F. Busoni ("Nhọrọ nke nwunye"), P. Hindemith ("Cardillac") na ndị ọzọ. nke a na-akpọ Zinnober", "Princess Brambilla", wdg Hoffmann bụ dike nke operas nke J. Offenbach ("Tales of Hoffmann", 1881) na G. Lachchetti ("Hoffmann", 1912).

Hoffmann bụ onye edemede nke ọrụ egwu, gụnyere opera ihunanya German mbụ Ondine (1813, post. 1816, Berlin), opera Aurora (1811-12; ikekwe biputere. 1813, Würzburg; posthumous post. 1933, Bamberg), symphonies, ndị ukwe, ihe mejupụtara ụlọ. N'afọ 1970, mbipụta nke nchịkọta egwu egwu nke Hoffmann malitere na Mainz (FRG).

Ngwakọta: arụ ọrụ, ed. nke G. Ellinger, B.-Lpz.-W.-Stuttg., 1927; ọrụ uri . G. Seidel deziri. Okwu mmalite nke Hans Mayer, vols. 1-6, В., 1958; Akwụkwọ akụkọ egwu na ihe odide yana akwụkwọ ozi na ndenye edetu. Richard Münnich ahọpụtara ma kọwaa ya, Weimar, 1961; рус. kwa. - Избранные произведения, т. 1-3, M., 1962.

References: Braudo EM, ETA Hoffman, P., 1922; Ivanov-Boretsky M., ETA Hoffman (1776-1822), "Egwu Education", 1926, Ọ dịghị 3-4; Rerman VE, German romantic opera, n'akwụkwọ ya: Opera House. Akụkọ na nyocha, M., 1961, p. 185-211; Zhitomirsky D., The ezigbo na ezigbo na aesthetics nke ETA Hoffmann. "SM", 1973, Mba 8.

CA Marcus