François Joseph Gossec |

Francois Joseph Gossec

Mgbanwe bourgeois French nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. "Ahụrụ m n'egwú dị ukwuu nke ọha mmadụ" (B. Asafiev), nke nwere ike imetụta echiche na omume nke ma ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ọha mmadụ dum. Otu n'ime ndị na-egwu egwu nyere iwu ka anya na mmetụta nke ọtụtụ ndị a bụ F. Gossec. Onye na-ede uri na onye na-ede egwuregwu nke Revolution, MJ Chenier, na-agwa ya okwu na uri On the Power of Music: "Gossek na-adakọ ọnụ, mgbe ukwe gị na-eru uju hụrụ igbe ozu nke onye edemede Meropa" (Voltaire. - SR), “N’ebe dị anya, n’oké ọchịchịrị ahụ, a na-anụ ụda trombone olili ozu na-adịte aka, ụda ụda na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke drọm gbasiri ike na iti mkpu na-adịghị mma nke gong ndị China.”

Otu n'ime egwu egwu na ọha na eze, Gossec malitere ndụ ya n'ebe dị anya site na ebe omenala Europe, na ezinụlọ ndị ogbenye dara ogbenye. O sonyeere egwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ abụ na Katidral Antwerp. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, onye na-eto eto na-egwu egwu abanyelarị na Paris, ebe ọ chọtara onye na-akwado ya, onye na-ede egwú French bụ JF Rameau. N'ime naanị afọ 3, Gossec duuru otu n'ime ndị egwu egwu kacha mma na Europe (ụlọ ekpere nke onye ọrụ ugbo n'ozuzu La Pupliner), nke o duuru afọ asatọ (1754-62). N'ọdịnihu, ike, ụlọ ọrụ na ikike nke onye odeakwụkwọ steeti kwadoro ọrụ ya na ụlọ ụka nke ndị isi Conti na Conde. Na 1770, ọ haziri Amateur Concerts Society, na 1773 ọ gbanwere Sacred Concerts Society, tọrọ ntọala na 1725, mgbe ọ na-eme dị ka onye nkụzi na choirmaster na Royal Academy of Music (ọdịnihu Grand Opera). N'ihi ọzụzụ dị ala nke ndị na-akụ ụda olu French, a chọrọ mgbanwe nke agụmakwụkwọ egwu, Gossec wee malite ịhazi ụlọ akwụkwọ Royal nke ịbụ abụ na agụgharị akwụkwọ. Ntọala guzosiri ike na 1784, na 1793 ọ toro na National Music Institute, na 1795 n'ime ụlọ nchekwa, nke Gossek nọgidere na-abụ prọfesọ na onye nlekọta na-eduzi ruo 1816. Ya na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na nkà mmụta egwu na usoro iwu. N'ime afọ nke mgbanwe mgbanwe na Alaeze Ukwu, Gossec nwere nkwanye ùgwù dị ukwuu, ma na mmalite nke Mweghachi ahụ, e wepụrụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ mba nke iri asatọ na-arụ ọrụ na conservatory na na ọrụ mmekọrịta.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmasị okike nke onye odeakwụkwọ steeti dị obosara. O dere operas na-atọ ọchị na ihe nkiri egwu egwu, ballet na egwu maka mmemme dị egwu, oratorios na masses (gụnyere requiem, 1760). Akụkụ kachasị ọnụ ahịa nke ihe nketa ya bụ egwu maka ememe na ememe nke French Revolution, yana egwu egwu (60 symphonies, approx. 50 quartets, trios, overtures). Otu n'ime ndị na-agụ egwú French kasị ukwuu na narị afọ nke 14, Gossec nwere ekele karịsịa site n'aka ndị ya na ya dịkọrọ ndụ maka ikike ya inye atụmatụ mba French maka ọrụ egwu egwu: egwu, egwu, arioznost. Ikekwe ọ bụ ya mere a na-akpọkarị ya onye malitere egwu egwu French. Mana ebube na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke Gossek bụ n'ime egwu mgbagha-ịhụnanya ya. Onye edemede nke "Abụ nke July 200", ndị ukwe "Teta, ndị mmadụ!", "Ukwe maka nnwere onwe", "Te Deum" (maka ndị na-eme ihe XNUMX), Machị olili ozu a ma ama (nke ghọrọ ihe atụ nke njem olili ozu na symphonic na Ngwá ọrụ ngwá ọrụ nke ndị na-ede egwú nke narị afọ nke XNUMX), Gossek ji ihe dị mfe na nghọta nye ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị intonations, ihe oyiyi egwu. Nchapụta na ihe ọhụrụ ha bụ nke na echekwara ha n'ọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú nke narị afọ nke XNUMX - site na Beethoven ruo Berlioz na Verdi.

S. Rytsarev