Maxim Sozontovich Berezovsky |

Maxim Berezovsky

Ihe okike nke onye edemede Russia pụtara ìhè nke ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. M. Berezovsky, tinyere ọrụ nke oge ya a ma ama D. Bortnyansky, gosipụtara mmalite nke ọhụụ ọhụrụ, oge ochie na nkà egwu nke Russia.

A mụrụ onye na-ede egwú na mpaghara Chernihiv. E boro ya ebubo na ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ egwu mbụ ya na Glukhov Music School, nke ama ama maka ọdịnala ịbụ abụ, wee gaa n'ihu na Kyiv Theological Academy. Mgbe ọ bịarutere St. Petersburg (1758), nwa okorobịa ahụ, n'ihi ụda olu ya mara mma, e kenyere ndị ọrụ egwu nke onye nketa ocheeze, Peter Fedorovich, ebe ọ malitere ịnata ihe ọmụmụ ihe sitere na F. Zoppis na ụda olu. site n'aka onye nkuzi Italy Nunziani. Na mmalite nke 1750-60s. Berezovsky arụworị ọrụ dị mkpa na operas site n'aka F. Araya na V. Manfredini, bụ ndị a na-eme na ụlọ ikpe, na-asọ mpi na nkà na omume ọma na ndị na-agụ egwú Ịtali kacha mma. Mgbe ọchịchị ahụ gasịrị na 1762, Berezovsky, dị ka ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na steeti Peter III, Catherine II bufere ya na ndị agha Ịtali. N'October 1763, onye na-ede egwú lụrụ Franziska Iberscher, onye na-agba egwú si n'òtù ahụ. N'ikwu okwu na akụkụ solo na ihe nkiri opera, Berezovsky na-abụkwa abụ na Ụlọikpe Choir, nke mere ka onye na-ede egwú nwee mmasị na ụdị egwu egwu. Dị ka onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ P. Vorotnikov si kwuo, ihe nkiri mbụ nke ime mmụọ ya ("Bịa hụ", "Asụsụ niile", "Anyị na-eto Chineke gị", "Onyenwe anyị na-achị", "Toonụ Onyenweanyị si n'eluigwe") gosiri na ya pụrụ iche. nkà na ezi ihe ọmụma nke iwu nke counterpoint na nkwekọ. Na May 1769, Berezovsky zigara Italy ka ọ ka mma ya ọkachamara nkà. N'ebe a ma ama Academy nke Bologna, dị ka akụkọ akụkọ si kwuo, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru nduzi nke onye nkụzi na onye nkụzi Padre Martini.

Na May 15, 1771, obere oge karịa WA Mozart, na-agafe ule ahụ na onye na-ede egwú Czech I. Myslivechek, Berezovsky nabatara dị ka onye òtù nke Academy. Na 1773, e nyere Livorno ọrụ, o kere mbụ ya na eleghị anya ọ bụ nanị opera, Demofont, nke ekwuru na ihe ịga nke ọma ya bụ nke e kwuru na akwụkwọ akụkọ Livorno: "N'ime ihe ngosi ndị e gosiri n'oge ezumike ikpeazụ, ekwesịrị ịdeba ya n'ijere Eze Ukwu ya. Eze Ukwu nke Russia niile, signor Maxim Berezovsky, onye na-ejikọta ndụ na ezigbo ụtọ na ihe ọmụma egwu. Opera "Demofont" chịkọtara oge "Italian" nke ndụ Berezovsky - October 19, 1773 ọ hapụrụ Italy.

N'ịlaghachi na Russia na mmalite nke ike okike ya, Berezovsky ezuteghị àgwà kwesịrị ekwesị maka talent ya n'ụlọ ikpe. Na-ekpe ikpe site na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha, ọ dịghị mgbe a họpụtara onye na-ede egwú ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ kwekọrọ na aha onye òtù Bologna Academy. N'ịbụ onye na G. Potemkin na-akpachi anya, Berezovsky ruo oge ụfọdụ gụrụ na ọnọdụ na chọrọ Musical Academy n'ebe ndịda nke mba (e wezụga Berezovsky, onye isi na-aga na-adọta J. Sarti na I. Khandoshkin). Ma ọ dịghị mgbe emejuputa Potemkin oru ngo, na Berezovsky nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ụka dị ka onye ọrụ nkịtị. Enweghị olileanya nke ọnọdụ ahụ, owu ọmụma onwe onye nke onye na-ede egwú n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụrụ na, na-arịa ọrịa ọkụ na March 1777, Berezovsky gburu onwe ya n'otu n'ime ọgụ nke ọrịa ahụ.

Ọdịmma nke ihe nketa okike nke onye na-ede ihe dị egwu: ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a rụrụ na narị afọ nke anọ ka dị n'ihe odide ederede ogologo oge ma debe ya na Ụlọ Nzukọ Ụlọikpe. Ná mmalite narị afọ anyị, ha furu efu nke ukwuu. N'ime ngwá ọrụ nke Berezovsky, a maara otu sonata maka violin na cembalo na C major. Akara nke opera "Demofont", nke emere na Italy, efuola: naanị 4 aria ka dị ndụ ruo taa. N'ime ọtụtụ ihe egwu ime mmụọ, naanị Liturgy na egwu egwu mmụọ ole na ole ka echekwara. Otu n'ime ha bụ The Lord Reign, nke bụ ihe atụ mbụ nke usoro egwu egwu oge ochie na Russia, na Do not Reject Me in Old Age, bụ nke ghọrọ njedebe nke ọrụ onye dere ya. Egwuregwu a, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nwere akara aka na-enwe obi ụtọ karị. N'ihi ewu ewu ya, ọ bịara gbasaa ebe niile wee bipụta ya ugboro abụọ na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ 1818. (1841, XNUMX).

Mmetụta nke egwu egwu, usoro polyphonic, nkwekọ na usoro ihe atụ nke concerto nwere ike ịchọta na ọrụ nke ndị ọgbọ Berezovsky - Bortnyansky, S. Degtyarev, A. Vedel. N'ịbụ onye ezigbo nka nke nkà egwu egwu, ihe nkiri ahụ "Ajụla" na-egosi mmalite nke oge gboo na mmepe nke imepụta choral ụlọ.

Ọbụna ihe atụ nke ọrụ Berezovsky n'otu n'otu na-ekwe ka anyị na-ekwu banyere obosara nke onye dere genre mmasị, banyere organic Nchikota ya music nke mba abụ olu ụtọ na pan-European usoro na ụdị mmepe.

A. Lebedeva