Domenico Scarlatti |

Domenico Scarlatti

… Njakịrị na igwu egwu, n'ụda ya na egwu egwu, ọ na-ewepụta ụdị nka ọhụrụ… K. Kuznetsov

N'ime usoro ndị eze Scarlatti dum - otu n'ime ndị a ma ama na akụkọ egwu egwu - Giuseppe Domenico, nwa Alessandro Scarlatti, otu afọ JS Bach na GF Handel, nwetara aha kachasị elu. D. Scarlatti banyere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omenala egwu bụ isi dị ka otu n'ime ndị malitere egwu piano, onye kere ụdị virtuoso harpsichord.

A mụrụ Scarlatti na Naples. Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nna ya na onye egwu ama ama G. Hertz, na mgbe ọ dị afọ 16 ọ ghọrọ onye nhazi na onye na-ede akwụkwọ nke Neapolitan Royal Chapel. Ma n'oge na-adịghị anya nna ahụ zigara Domenico na Venice. A. Scarlatti kọwara ihe mere o ji kpebie n’akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Duke Alessandro Medici, sị: “Amanyere m ya isi na Naples, bụ́ ebe e nwere ohere zuru ezu maka talent ya, ma talent ya abụghị maka ebe dị otú ahụ. Nwa m nwoke bụ ugo nke nku ya toro ..." 4 afọ ọmụmụ ya na onye na-ede egwú Ịtali a ma ama bụ F. Gasparini, enyi na enyi Handel, nkwurịta okwu na B. Marcello a ma ama - ihe a niile enweghị ike ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkpụzi. Nkà egwu Scarlatti.

Ọ bụrụ na Venice na ndụ onye na-ede egwú nọgidere mgbe ụfọdụ nkuzi na nkwalite, mgbe ahụ na Rome, ebe ọ kwagara ekele maka nkwado nke Kadịnal Ottoboni, oge nke ntozu okike ya amalitelarị. Mpaghara njikọ egwu Scarlatti gụnyere B. Pasquini na A. Corelli. Ọ na-ede operas maka eze nwanyị Poland a dọọrọ n'agha bụ Maria Casimira; site na 1714 ọ ghọrọ onye na-agba egwú na Vatican, o kere ọtụtụ egwu dị nsọ. N'oge a, ebube nke Scarlatti onye na-eme ihe na-agbakọta. Dị ka ihe ndekọ nke onye Irish organist bụ́ Thomas Rosengrave si kwuo, bụ́ onye nyere aka mee ka onye na-akụ egwú na-ewu ewu n’England, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ nụrụ akụkụ akwụkwọ ndị dị otú ahụ na mmetụta ndị karịrị n’ókè ọ bụla nke izu okè, “dị ka a ga-asị na e nwere otu puku ndị mmụọ ọjọọ n’azụ ngwá ọrụ ahụ.” A maara Scarlatti, onye na-eme ihe nkiri virtuoso harpsichordist, na Europe dum. Naples, Florence, Venice, Rome, London, Lisbon, Dublin, Madrid - nke a bụ naanị n'okwu ndị kachasị n'ozuzu ọdịdị ala nke mmegharị ngwa ngwa nke onye na-egwu egwu gburugburu isi obodo nke ụwa. Ụlọikpe Europe kacha nwee mmetụta na-akwado onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-egbuke egbuke, ndị nwere okpueze kwupụtara echiche ha. Dị ka ihe ndekọ nke Farinelli, enyi nke onye na-ede egwú, Scarlatti nwere ọtụtụ ụbọ akwara mere na mba dị iche iche. Onye na-ede egwú kpọrọ ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla aha aha ụfọdụ ndị Ịtali a ma ama, dị ka uru o nwere maka onye na-egwu egwú. Harpsichord kacha amasị Scarlatti bụ aha "Raphael nke Urbino".

N'afọ 1720, Scarlatti hapụrụ Ịtali ruo mgbe ebighị ebi wee gaa Lisbon n'ụlọikpe nke Infanta Maria Barbara dị ka onye nkụzi na onye na-akụ egwú. N'ime ọrụ a, ọ nọrọ ọkara nke abụọ nke ndụ ya: emesia, Maria Barbara ghọrọ eze nwanyị Spanish (1729) na Scarlatti soro ya gaa Spain. N'ebe a, ọ na-ekwurịta okwu na onye na-ede egwú A. Soler, site n'ọrụ ya mmetụta nke Scarlatti metụtara nkà Spanish clavier.

N'ime nnukwu ihe nketa onye na-ede egwú (operas 20, ca. 20 oratorios na cantatas, 12 instrumental concertos, masses, 2 "Miserere", "Stabat mater") ọrụ clavier ejirila uru nka dị egwu. Ọ bụ n'ime ha ka onye ọgụgụ isi nke Scarlatti gosipụtara onwe ya na ezi njupụta. Nchịkọta kachasị zuru oke nke sonatas otu mmegharị ya nwere ihe odide 555. Onye na-ede egwú n'onwe ya kpọrọ ha mmega ahụ ma dee n'okwu mmalite nke mbipụta ndụ ya, sị: "Echerela - ma ị bụ onye na-amu amu ma ọ bụ ọkachamara - n'ọrụ ndị a nke atụmatụ miri emi; were ha dị ka egwuregwu iji mara onwe gị ahụ́ na nkà nke ụbọ akwara.” Ọrụ ndị a bravura na amamihe jupụtara na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi, nchapụta na ihe mepụtara. Ha na-akpalite mkpakọrịta na ihe oyiyi nke opera-buffa. Ọtụtụ ebe a sitere na ụdị violin Ịtali nke oge a, na site na egwu egwu ndị mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị Ịtali, kamakwa Spanish na Portuguese. A na-ejikọta ụkpụrụ ndị mmadụ n'ụzọ pụrụ iche n'ime ha na gloss nke aristocracy; improvisation - na prototypes nke sonata ụdị. Kpọmkwem clavier virtuosity bụ ihe ọhụrụ kpamkpam: akwụkwọ ndekọ aha, ịgafe aka, nnukwu mli elu, kọlụm gbajiri agbaji, akụkụ nke nwere ndetu abụọ. Egwú Domenico Scarlatti tara ahụhụ nke ukwuu. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe onye na-ede egwú nwụsịrị, e chefuru ya; ihe odide nke edemede kwụsịrị n'ọbá akwụkwọ na ebe nchekwa dị iche iche; Ọnụ ọgụgụ operatic fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile na-efunahụ ya. Na narị afọ nke XNUMX mmasị na àgwà na ọrụ nke Scarlatti malitere ịmaliteghachi. Achọpụtara ọtụtụ ihe nketa ya ma bipụta ya, bụrụ ndị ọha na eze mara ma banye na ego ọla edo nke omenala egwu ụwa.

I. Vetlitsyna