Gaspare Spontini (Gaspare Spontini) |

Gaspare Spontini

Spontini. "Vestal". "O nume tutelar" (Maria Callas)

A mụrụ Gaspare Spontini na Maiolati, Ancona. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory na Naples. N'ime ndị nkuzi ya bụ N. Piccinni. N'afọ 1796, ihe ngosi mbụ nke opera nke onye dere ya, The Caprice of a Woman, mere na Rom. N'ikpeazụ, Spontini kere ihe dị ka operas 20. O biri ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ya na France (1803-1820 na mgbe 1842) na Germany (1820-1842).

N'ime oge French (isi) nke ndụ ya na ọrụ ya, o dere isi ọrụ ya: operas Vestalka (1807), Fernand Cortes (1809) na Olympia (1819). A na-amata ụdị onye na-ede egwú site na pomposity, pathos na ọnụ ọgụgụ, nke na-adaba na mmụọ nke Napoleon France, ebe ọ nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma (ọ bụ ọbụna onye na-ede akwụkwọ ikpe nke Empress ruo oge ụfọdụ). A na-eji ọrụ Spontini mara njirimara nke mgbanwe site na omenala Gluck nke narị afọ nke 18 ruo "nnukwu" opera French nke narị afọ nke 19 (na onye nnọchiteanya ya kacha mma Aubert, Meyerbeer). Wagner, Berlioz na ndị isi nka ndị ọzọ nke narị afọ nke 19 nwere ekele maka nka Spontini.

Na Vestal, ọrụ ya kachasị mma, onye na-ede egwú nwere ike nweta nkwupụta dị ukwuu ọ bụghị nanị na igwe mmadụ jupụtara na njem dị egwu na obi ike, kamakwa na ihe nkiri egwu sitere n'obi. Ọ karịsịa ọma na isi ọrụ nke Julia (ma ọ bụ Julia). Ebube nke "Vestal" gafere ókèala France ngwa ngwa. Na 1811, e mere ya na Berlin. N'otu afọ ahụ, a na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ na Naples na Ịtali na nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma (nke Isabella Colbran na-agba). Na 1814, mmalite nke Russia mere na St. Petersburg (na ọrụ bụ isi, Elizaveta Sandunova). Na narị afọ nke 20, Rosa Poncelle (1925, Metropolitan), Maria Callas (1957, La Scala), Leila Gencher (1969, Palermo) na ndị ọzọ na-egbuke egbuke na ọrụ nke Julia. Yulia's arias nke 2nd act bụ nke masterpieces nke opera oge ochie "Tu che invoco" na "O Nume tutelar" (Italian version).

Na 1820-1842 Spontini bi na Berlin, ebe ọ bụ onye na-ede egwú na onye isi oche nke Royal Opera. N'ime oge a, ọrụ onye na-ede egwú jụrụ. O nwekwaghị ike ịmepụta ihe ọ bụla kwekọrọ na ọrụ ya kacha mma nke oge French.

E. Tsodokov

Gaspape Luigi Pacifico Spontini (XI 14, 1774, Maiolati-Spontini, Prov. Ancona - 24 I 1851, ibid) - onye na-ede egwú Ịtali. Onye otu Prussian (1833) na Parisian (1839) ulo akwukwo nka. O sitere na ndi oru ugbo. Ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya na egwu egwu na Jesi, soro ndị organists J. Menghini na V. Chuffalotti mụọ ihe. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory na Naples na N. Sala na J. Tritto; ka e mesịrị, ruo oge ụfọdụ, ọ natara nkuzi n'aka N. Piccinni.

O mere mpụta mbụ ya na 1796 na opera na-atọ ọchị The Caprices of a Woman (Li puntigli delle donne, Pallacorda Theatre, Rome). Emepụtara ọtụtụ operas (buffa na seria) maka Rome, Naples, Florence, Venice. Onye na-edu ụlọ ụka nke ụlọ ikpe Neapolitan, na 1798-99 ọ nọ na Palermo. N'ihe metụtara ihe nkiri operas ya, ọ gara n'obodo ndị ọzọ dị n'Ịtali.

Na 1803-20 o biri na Paris. Site na 1805 ọ bụ "onye na-ede egwú nke Empress", site na 1810, onye nduzi nke "Theatre of the Empress", mgbe e mesịrị - onye na-ede akwụkwọ ikpe nke Louis XVIII (nyere Order of the Legion of Honor). Na Paris, o kere ma hazie ọtụtụ operas, gụnyere The Vestal Virgin (1805; Best Opera of the Decade Award, 1810), bụ nke ha hụrụ ngosipụta nke usoro Alaeze Ukwu na ogbo opera. Ihe ịtụnanya, obi ọmịiko-dike, juputara na ngagharị ngagharị, opera Spontini kwekọrọ na mmụọ nke alaeze France. Site na 1820 ọ bụ onye na-ede ụlọikpe na onye isi egwu na Berlin, bụ ebe o mere ọtụtụ operas ọhụrụ.

Na 1842, n'ihi esemokwu na ọha opera (Spontini aghọtaghị ihe ọhụrụ mba na-emekarị na German opera, na-anọchi anya ọrụ nke KM Weber), Spontini hapụrụ Paris. N'ọgwụgwụ ndụ ya ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya. Ihe odide Spontini, nke e kere mgbe ọ nọsịrị na Paris, gbara akaebe na ụfọdụ adịghị ike nke echiche okike ya: o kwughachiri onwe ya, ahụghị echiche mbụ. Nke mbụ, opera "Bestalka", nke meghere ụzọ maka nnukwu opera French nke narị afọ nke 19, nwere uru akụkọ ihe mere eme. Spontini nwere mmetụta pụtara ìhè na ọrụ J. Meyerbeer.

Ngwakọta:

opera (ihe dị ka akara iri abụọ ka echekwara), gụnyere. Ndị Theseus ghọtara (20, Florence), Julia, ma ọ bụ ite ifuru (1898, Opera Comic, Paris), Vestal (1805, post. 1805, Imperial Academy of Music, Berlin), Fernand Cortes, ma ọ bụ mmeri nke Mexico (1807) , ibid; mbipụta nke abụọ 1809), Olympia (2, Ụlọikpe Opera House, Berlin; mbipụta nke abụọ 1817, ibid.), Alcidor (1819, ibid.), Agnes von Hohenstaufen (2, ibid.); cantatas, masses na ndị ọzọ

TH Solovieva