Andrey Yakovlevich Eshpay |

Andrey Eshpay

Otu nkwekọ - ụwa na-agbanwe agbanwe… Olu mba ọ bụla kwesịrị ịdị na-ada ụda na ụda polyphony nke ụwa, nke a ga-ekwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na onye na-ese ihe - onye edemede, onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ede egwú - na-ekwupụta echiche na mmetụta ya n'asụsụ obodo ya. Ka onye na-ese ihe na-abawanye mba, ka ọ na-abụ onye ọ bụla. A. Eshpay

N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, akụkọ ndụ onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya ekpebiela mmetụ nsọpụrụ na nke mbụ na nka. Nna onye na-ede egwú, Y. Eshpay, otu n'ime ndị malitere egwú ọkachamara Mari, tinyere n'ime nwa ya nwoke ịhụnanya maka nkà ndị mmadụ site n'ọrụ ya achọghị ọdịmma onwe ya nanị. Dị ka A. Eshpay si kwuo, "Nna dị ịrịba ama, miri emi, onye nwere ọgụgụ isi na akọ, dị obi umeala - ezi onye egwu nwere ike ịgọnarị onwe ya. Nnukwu onye maara akụkọ ifo, ọ dị ka ọ na-apụ dị ka onye edemede, na-ahụ ọrụ ya n'ime ka ndị mmadụ mara mma na ịdị ukwuu nke echiche ndị mmadụ. Ọ ghọtara na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkwado ọnụ ọgụgụ Mari pentatonic… na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ kwekọrọ na nke kwụụrụ onwe ya, mana ọ bụghị n'usoro nka nka. Enwere m ike ịmata ihe mbụ sitere n'ọrụ nna m."

A. Eshpay site na nwata etinye obi gị dum akụkọ ifo nke ndị dị iche iche nke Volga mpaghara, dum lyric-epic usoro nke siri ike Ugric mpaghara. Agha ahụ ghọrọ isiokwu dị egwu pụrụ iche na ndụ na ọrụ nke onye na-ede egwú - ọ nwụnahụrụ nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ ya, bụ onye ncheta ya na-abụ abụ mara mma "Muscovites" ("Earring with Malaya Bronna"), enyi. Na nlegharị anya platoon, Eshpay sonye na ntọhapụ nke Warsaw, na ọrụ Berlin. Ihe nkuzi egwu nke agha kwụsịrị maliteghachiri na Moscow Conservatory, bụ ebe Eshpay mụrụ N. Rakov, N. Myaskovsky, E. Golubev na piano na V. Sofronitsky. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ mmụta postgraduate ya n'okpuru nduzi nke A. Khachaturian na 1956.

N'oge a, Symphonic Dances na Mari Themes (1951), Hungarian Melodies for violin and orchestra (1952), First Piano Concerto (1954, 2nd mbipụta - 1987), First Violin Concerto (1956). Ọrụ ndị a wetara onye na-ede egwú ama ama, meghere isi isiokwu nke ọrụ ya, na-emebi iwu nke ndị nkuzi ya n'ụzọ okike. Ọ bụ ihe e ji mara na Khachaturian, bụ onye kụnyere n'ime ya, dị ka onye na-ede egwú si kwuo, "ihe ụtọ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ", nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'echiche Eshpai banyere ụdị egwu ahụ.

Ihe na-egosikarị bụ violin Concerto nke mbụ nwere ihe mgbawa ọkụ ya, ịdị ọhụrụ, ngwa ngwa n'igosipụta mmetụta, mmasị na-amasị ndị mmadụ na ụdị okwu. Eshpay dịkwa nso na Khachaturian na ịhụnanya ya maka ụdị M. Ravel, bụ nke a na-akpọkarị na ọrụ piano ya (First Piano Concerto, First Piano Sonatina - 1948). Nkwekọrịta, ịdị ọhụrụ, mgbasa mmetụta mmetụta na mmesapụ aka nwere agba na-ejikọkwa ndị nna ukwu ndị a ọnụ.

Isiokwu nke Myaskovsky bụ akụkụ pụrụ iche na ọrụ Eshpay. Ọnọdụ ụkpụrụ omume, ihe oyiyi nke onye egwu Soviet pụtara ìhè, ezigbo onye na-elekọta ya na onye na-eme mgbanwe nke ọdịnala, tụgharịrị bụrụ ihe dị mma maka onye na-eso ya. Onye na-ede egwú na-anọgide na-ekwesị ntụkwasị obi n'ụkpụrụ Myaskovsky: "Ịbụ onye nwere ezi obi, na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na nkà na-eduzi usoro nke onwe ya." Memorial ọrụ na ebe nchekwa nke Myaskovsky jikọtara na aha onye nkụzi: Organ Passacaglia (1950), Variations for Orchestra on a Theme of Myaskovsky's iri na isii Symphony (1966), Second Violin Concerto (1977), Viola Concerto (1987-88). nke a na-eji ihe nke akụkụ ahụ Passacaglia mee ihe. Mmetụta Myaskovsky na àgwà Eshpay na akụkọ ifo bụ ihe dị ịrịba ama: na-eso onye nkụzi ya, onye na-ede egwú bịara na nkọwa ihe atụ nke egwu ndị mmadụ, na-ejikọta ụdị omenala dị iche iche na omenala. Aha Myaskovsky na-ejikọta ya na mkpesa na omenala ọzọ dị mkpa maka Eshpay, bụ nke a na-emeghachi n'ọtụtụ ihe, malite na ballet "Circle" ("Cheta!" - 1979), - abụ Znamenny. Nke mbụ, na nke anọ (1980), nke ise (1986), nke isii ("Liturgical" Symphony (1988), Choral Concerto (1988) ọ na-egosipụta, nke mbụ, kwekọrọ ekwekọ, nghọta, ụkpụrụ ethos, ihe mbụ nke Njirimara. mba onwe-nsụhọ, isi ụkpụrụ nke Russian omenala.Pụrụ iche pụtara na-enweta ọzọ dị mkpa isiokwu na Eshpay ọrụ - lyrical. Gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na omenala, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-atụgharị n'ime individualistic aka ike, ya inalienable àgwà na-mesi ike mgbochi na rigor, objectivity na okwu, na na-enwekarị njikọ kpọmkwem na ntọhapụ obodo.

Ngwọta nke isiokwu agha, ụdị nke ncheta, mkpesa na-atụgharị ihe omume - ma ọ bụ agha, ụbọchị ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme - bụ ihe pụrụ iche, na egwu na-adị mgbe niile na nghọta ha. Ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka nke mbụ (1959), nke abụọ (1962) symphonies, imbued na ìhè (epigraph nke Mbụ - okwu nke V. Mayakovsky "Anyị ga-wrest ọṅụ site n'ụbọchị na-abịanụ", epigraph nke abụọ - "otuto n'ìhè), cantata "Lenin na anyị" (1968), bụ nke a ma ama maka akwụkwọ mmado ya dị ka njide, nchapụta nke nkwupụta okwu yana n'otu oge ahụ ọmarịcha ọdịdị egwu egwu, tọrọ ntọala maka njikọ mbụ nke stylistic. Oratorical na lyrical, ebumnobi na nkeonwe, dị ịrịba ama maka isi ọrụ nke onye dere. Ịdị n'otu nke "ikwa ákwá na ebube, ọmịiko na otuto" (D. Likhachev), dị ịrịba ama maka omenala ndị Russia oge ochie, na-aga n'ihu n'ụdị dị iche iche. Ndị a ma ama bụ Symphony nke atọ (Na ebe nchekwa nke Nna m, 1964), Violin nke abụọ na Viola Concerto, ụdị nnukwu okirikiri - nke anọ, nke ise na nke isii Symphonies, choral Concerto. N'ime ọtụtụ afọ, ihe isiokwu lyrical pụtara na-enweta ihe atụ na nkà ihe ọmụma, na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha site na ihe ọ bụla dị n'èzí, nke onwe-elu, ihe ncheta ahụ na-eyi uwe n'ụdị ilu. Ọ dị mkpa ka ịgbanwee isiokwu egwu egwu site na akụkọ ifo-folklore na ihunanya-dike akụkọ na ballet Angara (1975) gaa na onyonyo mkpokọta nke okirikiri ballet ịdọ aka ná ntị (Cheta!). Mpụtara zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọrụ-nraranye jupụtara na ihe dị egwu, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ pụtara iru újú na-apụtawanye ìhè. Echiche dị elu banyere ọdịdị esemokwu nke ụwa nke oge a na mmetụta nke mmeghachi omume nka na àgwà a kwekọrọ na ọrụ onye dere ya na ihe nketa na omenala. Ihe ngosi nke ihe onyonyo bụ "Abụ nke ugwu na ahịhịa ahịhịa" (1983). Ihe mejupụtara a, yana Concerto for oboe and orchestra (1982), bụ nke enyere onyinye Lenin.

Ebumnobi-okwu ụda olu na ụda "choral" na-agba nkọwa nke ụdị egwu egwu, nke na-agụnye ụkpụrụ onye ọ bụla. Egosiputara n'ụdị dị iche iche - ihe ncheta, omume ntụgharị uche, na ntụrụndụ nke akụkọ ifo, na mkpesa maka ụdị echiche echegharịrị nke ochie concerto grosso, isiokwu a na-agbachitere mgbe niile site n'aka onye dere ya. N'otu oge ahụ, na ụdị egwu egwu, dị ka ọ dị na ihe ndị ọzọ, onye na-ede egwú na-emepụta ihe eji egwu egwu, ememe, ihe nkiri, ìhè nke agba, na ume obi ike nke ụda. A na-ahụta nke a karịsịa na Concerto for Orchestra (1966), Piano nke abụọ (1972), Oboe (1982) Concertos, na Concerto maka Saxophone (1985-86) nwere ike ịkpọ "ihe ngosi nke nkwalite". "Otu nkwekọ - ụwa na-agbanwe agbanwe" - okwu ndị a sitere na ballet "Okirikiri" nwere ike bụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ọrụ nna ukwu. Nyefe nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ, festive na esemokwu na mgbagwoju anya ụwa bụ kpọmkwem maka onye na-ede egwú.

N'otu oge ahụ na ngosipụta nke isiokwu ọdịnala, Eshpay na-atụgharị na nke ọhụrụ na nke amabeghị. Nchikota organic nke omenala na ihe ohuru bu ihe omuma ma n'echiche nke usoro edemede na n'omume onye na-ede ihe n'onwe ya. A na-egosipụta obosara na nnwere onwe n'ịghọta ọrụ okike n'ụzọ dị nso na ụdị ihe. A maara na isiokwu jazz na okwu okwu na-anọ n'ọnọdụ pụrụ iche n'ọrụ onye dere ya. Jazz maka ya bụ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ onye na-elekọta egwu n'onwe ya, yana akụkọ ifo. Onye na-ede egwú ṅara ntị nke ọma na egwu egwu na nsogbu ya, egwu ọkụ, ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, nke dị mkpa n'ihe gbasara ike dị egwu ma na-egosipụta, isi iyi nke echiche onwe. Ụwa egwu egwu na eziokwu dị ndụ na-apụta na mmekọrịta nke organic: dị ka onye na-ede egwú si kwuo, "ụwa egwu dị egwu adịghị emechi, ọ bụghị dịpụrụ adịpụ, kama ọ bụ naanị akụkụ nke eluigwe na ala, onye aha ya bụ ndụ."

M. Lobanova