Boris Emmanuilovich Khaikin |
Boris Khaikin
Ndị mmadụ Artist nke USSR (1972). Khaikin bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eduzi opera Soviet a ma ama. N'ime ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ọrụ okike ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri egwu kachasị mma na mba ahụ.
Ozugbo ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Moscow Conservatory (1928), bụ ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na-eduzi na K. Saradzhev, na piano na A. Gedike, Khaikin banyere Stanislavsky Opera Ụlọ ihe nkiri. N'oge a, o meela nzọụkwụ mbụ ya na ngalaba nke iduzi, mgbe ọ gụchara ọzụzụ bara uru n'okpuru nduzi nke N. Golovanov (opera class) na V. Suk (klas orchestral).
Ugbua n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ndụ kpaliri onye nduzi megide nna ukwu dị ịrịba ama dị ka KS Stanislavsky. N'ọtụtụ akụkụ, ụkpụrụ okike nke Khaikin malitere n'okpuru nduzi ya. Yana Stanislavsky, ọ kwadebere premieres nke The Barber nke Seville na Carmen.
Talent Khaikin gosipụtara onwe ya na ike kachasị ukwuu mgbe ọ kwagara Leningrad na 1936, dochie S. Samosud dị ka onye nduzi nka na onye isi nduzi nke Maly Opera Theatre. N'ebe a, o nwere nsọpụrụ ichekwa na ịzụlite omenala nke onye bu ya ụzọ. Ma ọ nagidere ọrụ a, ijikọta ọrụ na oge gboo repertoire na-arụsi ọrụ ike nkwalite nke ọrụ nke Soviet composers ("Virgin ala Upturned" site I. Dzerzhinsky, "Cola Breugnon" nke D. Kabalevsky, "Nne" nke V. Zhelobinsky, " Mutiny” nke L. Khodja-Einatov ).
Ebe ọ bụ na 1943, Khaikin bụ onye isi nduzi na nka director nke Opera na Ballet Ụlọ ihe nkiri aha SM Kirov. N'ebe a, ekwesịrị ịkpọ aha pụrụ iche maka kọntaktị okike nke onye nduzi na S. Prokofiev. N'afọ 1946, o mere Duenna (Betrothal in a Monastery), ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ na opera The Tale of a Real Man (arụghị ọrụ ahụ; ọ bụ naanị mmechi mechiri emechi mere na December 3, 1948). N'ime ọrụ ọhụrụ nke ndị edemede Soviet, Khaikin mere na ụlọ ihe nkiri "The Family of Taras" nke D. Kabalevsky, "The Prince-Lake" nke I. Dzerzhinsky. Ihe ngosi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ oge ochie nke Russia - Maid nke Orleans site na Tchaikovsky, Boris Godunov na Khvanshchina nke Mussorgsky - ghọrọ nnukwu mmeri nke ihe nkiri ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, Khaikin rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-eduzi ballet (Ịhụ ụra Mma, The Nutcracker).
Oge ọzọ nke ọrụ okike nke Khaikin jikọtara ya na Bolshoi Theatre nke USSR, nke ọ bụ onye nduzi kemgbe 1954. Na Moscow, ọ na-elebara egwu Soviet anya nke ukwuu (operas "Nne" nke T. Khrennikov dere, " Jalil" nke N. Zhiganov, ballet "Abụ ọhịa" nke G. Zhukovsky). Ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke repertoire ugbu a bụ n'okpuru nduzi Khaikin.
“Onyinye okike nke BE Khaikin,” ka Leo Ginzburg na-ede, “dị nnọọ iche. Dị ka onye na-eduzi opera, ọ bụ nna ukwu nke nwere ike jikọta ihe nkiri egwu na ihe nkiri. Ikike nke iso ndị na-agụ egwú na-arụ ọrụ, ndị na-abụ abụ na ndị na-egwu egwu, iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ na n'otu oge ahụ na-adịghị etinye aka na-enweta nsonaazụ ọ chọrọ, na-akpali mgbe niile ọmịiko nke ndị na-agụ egwú maka ya. Mmasị mara mma, ọmarịcha omenala, egwu egwu na-adọrọ adọrọ na echiche nke ụdị mere ka ngosi ya dị ịrịba ama mgbe niile. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa maka nkọwa ya banyere ọrụ ndị oge ochie nke Russian na Western.
Khaikin aghaghị ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri si mba ọzọ. O mere Khovanshchina na Florence (1963), Queen of Spades na Leipzig (1964), ma duzie Eugene Onegin na Czechoslovakia na Faust na Romania. Khaykin mekwara ná mba ọzọ dị ka onye na-eduzi symphony (n'ụlọ, a na-emekarị ihe nkiri egwu ya na Moscow na Leningrad). Karịsịa, o so na njem nleta nke Leningrad Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra na Italy (1966).
N'ihe dị ka n'etiti afọ iri atọ, ọrụ nkuzi nke Prọfesọ Khaikin malitere. N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, ndị omenkà a ma ama dị ka K. Kondrashin, E. Tons na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
