Wilhelm Furtwängler |
Wilhelm Furtwangler
Wilhelm Furtwängler kwesịrị ka a kpọọ ya otu n'ime ndị mbụ n'ime ndị na-ahụ maka nkà onye nduzi nke narị afọ nke 20. Site na ọnwụ ya, onye na-ese ihe nke ukwuu hapụrụ ụwa egwu, onye na-ese ihe nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya n'oge ndụ ya nile bụ iji kwado ịma mma na ịdị mma nke nkà oge ochie.
Ọrụ nka Furtwängler tolitere ngwa ngwa. Nwa nke onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Berlin a ma ama, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Munich n'okpuru nduzi nke ndị nkụzi kacha mma, n'etiti ha bụ onye nduzi a ma ama F. Motl. N’ịbụ onye maliteworo ọrụ ya n’obere obodo, Furtwängler na 1915 natara akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù ka ọ bịa n’ọkwá onye isi nke ụlọ opera dị na Mannheim. Afọ ise ka e mesịrị, ọ na-eduziri concerts symphony nke Berlin State Opera, na afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọ nọchiri A. Nikisch dị ka onye isi nke Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, nke ya na ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-arụ ọrụ njikọ chiri anya. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-aghọ onye nduzi na-adịgide adịgide nke ndị ọzọ kasị ochie na Germany - Leipzig "Gewandhaus". Site n'oge ahụ gaa n'ihu, ọrụ ya siri ike ma na-amị mkpụrụ gara n'ihu. Na 1928, isi obodo German nyere ya aha nsọpụrụ nke "onye nduzi egwu obodo" iji kwado ọrụ ya pụtara ìhè na omenala obodo.
Amụma Furtwängler gbasara n'ụwa niile, tupu njem ya na mba Europe na kọntinent America. N'ime afọ ndị a, a na-ama aha ya na mba anyị. Na 1929, Zhizn iskusstva bipụtara akwụkwọ ozi onye nduzi Russia bụ́ NA Malko sitere na Berlin, bụ́ nke kwuru na “na Germany na Austria, Wilhelm Furtwängler bụ onye nduzi a kasị hụ n’anya.” Nke a bụ ka Malko si kọwaa ụdị onye na-ese ihe: "N'èzí, Furtwängler enweghị akara ngosi nke" prima donna ". Mfe mmegharị nke pacing aka nri, ịdị uchu na-ezere akara mmanya, dị ka mpụga nnyonye anya na esịtidem eruba nke music. Ngosipụta pụrụ iche nke aka ekpe, nke na-adịghị ahapụ ihe ọ bụla na-enweghị nlebara anya, ebe enwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ihe ngosi nke nkwupụta ... "
Furtwängler bụ onye omenkà nke mkpali mkpali na ọgụgụ isi miri emi. Usoro abụghị fetish maka ya: ụzọ dị mfe na nke mbụ na-eduzi mgbe niile na-enye ya ohere ikpughe isi echiche nke ihe mejupụtara ahụ, na-echefughị nkọwa kachasị mma; ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ụzọ isi na-adọrọ adọrọ, mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na-ebufe egwu a sụgharịa obi ụtọ, ụzọ nwere ike ime ka ndị na-egwu egwu na ndị na-ege ntị nwee mmetụta ọmịiko n'ebe onye nduzi ahụ nọ. Ịrapagidesi ike nke ọma na akara ahụ atụgharịghị n'oge maka ya: arụmọrụ ọhụrụ ọ bụla ghọrọ ezigbo ọrụ okike. Echiche nke mmadụ mere ka o mepụta nke ya - egwu atọ, egwu egwu piano, ọnụ ụlọ, nke edere na mmụọ nke ikwesị ntụkwasị obi na ọdịnala oge ochie.
Furtwängler banyere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nka egwu dị ka onye ntụgharị na-enweghị atụ nke nnukwu ọrụ nke oge ochie German. Ọ bụ mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike iji ya tụnyere ya n'ime omimi na ike na-akpali akpali nke ịsụgharị ọrụ symphonic nke Beethoven, Brahms, Bruckner, operas nke Mozart na Wagner. N'ihu Furtwangler, ha hụrụ onye ntụgharị okwu dị nro nke ọrụ Tchaikovsky, Smetana, Debussy. Ọ na-egwuri egwu nke ukwuu ma jiri obi ụtọ na-egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, n'otu oge ahụ ọ jụkwara ọgbara ọhụrụ. N'ime akwụkwọ edemede ya, anakọtara n'akwụkwọ "Mkparịta ụka banyere Music", "Onye na-egwu egwu na Ọha," "Testament", n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi nke onye nduzi ugbu a, a na-enye anyị ihe oyiyi nke onye mmeri siri ike nke echiche dị elu. nka ezi uche.
Furtwängler bụ onye egwu obodo miri emi. N'oge siri ike nke Hitlerism, na-anọgide na Germany, ọ nọgidere na-agbachitere ụkpụrụ ya, ekwenyeghị na ndị nyagburu omenala. Laa azụ na 1934, na-emegide mmachibido iwu Goebbels, ọ gụnyere ọrụ Mendelssohn na Hindemith na mmemme ya. N'ikpeazụ, a manyere ya ịhapụ ọkwa niile, iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ okwu na opekempe.
Naanị na 1947 Furtwängler duru ọzọ Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. Ndị ọchịchị America machibidoro ndị otu ahụ ịrụ ọrụ na mpaghara onye kwuo uche ya nke obodo ahụ, mana talent nke onye nduzi magburu onwe ya bụ nke ndị German dum. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, bụ́ nke Ministry of Culture of the GDR bipụtara mgbe onye na-ese ihe nwụsịrị, na-ekwu, sị: “Uru Wilhelm Furtweigler bara bụ n'ụzọ bụ́ isi n'eziokwu ahụ bụ́ na ọ chọpụtara ma gbasaa ụkpụrụ omume ọma dị ukwuu nke egwú, gbachiteere ha. nwere oke mmasị n'ihe odide ya. Na onye nke Wilhelm Furtwängler, Germany e jikọrọ ọnụ. Ọ nwere Germany niile. O nyere aka na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na enweghị ike nke ịdị adị nke mba anyị."
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
