Edward William Elgar |

Edward Elgar

Elgar. Violin Concerto. Allegro (Jascha Heifetz)

Elgar… bụ n'egwu bekee ihe Beethoven bụ na egwu German. B. Shaw

E. Elgar – ndị kasị ibu English dere nke ntụgharị nke XIX-XX narị afọ. Nhazi na ọganihu nke ọrụ ya nwere njikọ chiri anya na oge nke ike akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kachasị elu nke England n'oge ọchịchị Queen Victoria. The teknuzu na sayensị rụzuru nke English omenala na ike guzosie ike bourgeois-democratic nnwere onwe nwere a na-amị mkpụrụ mmetụta na mmepe nke akwụkwọ na nkà. Ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụm akwụkwọ nke mba n'oge ahụ na-ewepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ pụtara ìhè nke C. Dickens, W. Thackeray, T. Hardy, O. Wilde, B. Shaw, mgbe ahụ egwu ka malitere ịmaliteghachi mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị afọ abụọ nke ịgbachi nkịtị. N'etiti ọgbọ mbụ nke ndị na-ede egwú nke English Renaissance, ọrụ kachasị mma bụ Elgar, onye ọrụ ya na-egosipụta n'ụzọ doro anya nchekwube na resilience nke oge Victoria. Na nke a ọ nọ nso R. Kipling.

Ala nna Elgar bụ mpaghara Bekee, agbata obi nke obodo Worcester, adịghị anya na Birmingham. N'ịbụ onye natara nkuzi egwu mbụ ya n'aka nna ya, onye na-ahụ maka organist na onye nwe ụlọ ahịa egwu, Elgar gara n'ihu na-etolite n'onwe ya, na-amụta ihe ndị bụ isi nke ọrụ ahụ na omume. Naanị na 1882 ka onye na-ede egwú gafere ule na Royal Academy of Music na London na klas violin na n'ihe ọmụmụ ihe gbasara egwu. Ugbua n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ mụtara ịkụ egwu ọtụtụ ngwa - violin, piano, na 1885 ọ nọchiri nna ya dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụka. Mpaghara Bekee n'oge ahụ bụ onye nlekọta kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi nke egwu egwu mba yana, nke mbụ, ọdịnala choral. Otu nnukwu netwọkụ nke okirikiri na klọb na-amu amu debere ọdịnala ndị a n'ọkwa dị elu. N'afọ 1873, Elgar malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya dị ka onye na-akụ violin na Worcester Glee Club (choral society), na site na 1882 ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'obodo ya dị ka onye na-eso ya na onye nduzi nke ndị egwu na-amu amu. N'ime afọ ndị a, onye na-ede egwú dere ọtụtụ egwu choral maka ìgwè ndị na-amu amu, piano iberibe na ụlọ ensembles, mụọ ọrụ nke oge ochie na ndị dịkọrọ ndụ, ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye pianist na organist. Site na njedebe nke 80s. na rue 1929, Elgar na-ebi ọzọ n'obodo dị iche iche, gụnyere London na Birmingham (ebe ọ na-akụzi na mahadum maka afọ 3), ma mechaa ndụ ya n'ala nna ya - na Worcester.

Ekpebi pụtara Elgar maka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu bekee site na ihe abụọ: oratorio The Dream of Gerontius (1900, na St. J. Newman) na Symphonic Variations on an Enigmatic Theme (Enigma Variations {Enigma (lat. ) – ilu.}, 1899), nke ghọrọ elu nke English musical romanticism. The oratorio "The Dream of Gerontius" na-achikota ọ bụghị nanị na ogologo mmepe nke cantata-oratorio genres na ọrụ Elgar n'onwe ya (4 oratorios, 4 cantatas, 2 odes), ma n'ọtụtụ ụzọ ụzọ dum nke English choral music nke bu ụzọ. ya. Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa nke Renaissance mba gosipụtara na oratorio - mmasị na akụkọ ifo. Ọ bụghị ihe ndabara na, mgbe ọ nụsịrị “Nrọ nke Gerontius”, R. Strauss kwusara toast “na ọganihu na ihe ịga nke ọma nke onye England mbụ na-aga n'ihu Edward Elgar, onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eto eto na-aga n'ihu nke ndị na-ede Bekee." N'adịghị ka Enigma oratorio, ọdịiche tọrọ ntọala ntọala maka symphonism mba, nke tupu Elgar bụ ebe kachasị mfe nke omenala egwu Bekee. "Enigma iche iche na-agba akaebe na n'ime onye Elgar mba ahụ achọtawo ndị òtù egwú nke mbụ ịdị ukwuu," ka otu n'ime ndị nchọpụta Bekee dere. “Ihe omimi” dị iche iche bụ na e kpuchiri aha ndị enyi onye na-ede egwú n'ime ha, a na-ezobekwa isiokwu egwú nke okirikiri ahụ n'anya. (Ihe ndị a niile na-echetara “Sphinxes” sitere na “Carnival” nke R. Schumann dere.) Elgar nwekwara egwu egwu Bekee mbụ (1908).

N'ime ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke onye na-ede egwú (overtures, suites, concertos, wdg), Violin Concerto (1910) pụtara - otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị ewu ewu nke ụdị a.

Ọrụ Elgar bụ otu n'ime ihe pụtara ìhè nke ịhụnanya ịhụnanya. Synthesizing mba na Western Europe, tumadi Austro-German mmetụta, ọ na-ebu atụmatụ nke lyrical-psychological na epic ntụziaka. Onye na-ede egwú na-eji usoro nke leitmotifs eme ihe nke ọma, bụ nke a na-enwe mmetụta nke R. Wagner na R. Strauss nke ọma.

Egwu Elgar na-adọrọ mmasị n'ụzọ dị ụtọ, mara mma, nwere njirimara na-egbuke egbuke, n'ọrụ symphonic ọ na-adọta nkà ndị egwú, aghụghọ nke ngwá ọrụ, ngosipụta nke echiche ịhụnanya. Site na mmalite nke XX narị afọ. Elgar ghọrọ onye a ma ama na Europe.

N'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ya bụ ndị egwu pụtara ìhè - onye nduzi H. Richter, ndị na-akụ violin F. Kreisler na I. Menuhin. Ọtụtụ mgbe na-ekwu okwu ná mba ọzọ, onye na-agụ egwú n'onwe ya guzoro n'elu oche onye nduzi. Na Russia, N. Rimsky-Korsakov na A. Glazunov kwadoro ọrụ Elgar.

Mgbe e kere Violin Concerto, onye na-ede egwú ji nwayọọ nwayọọ kwụsị ọrụ ya, naanị n'ime afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya ka ọrụ ya maliteghachiri. Ọ na-ede ọtụtụ ihe egwu maka ngwa ikuku, na-esepụta Symphony nke atọ, Piano Concerto, opera The Spanish Lady. Elgar lanarịrị ebube ya, na njedebe nke ndụ ya, aha ya ghọrọ akụkọ akụkọ, ihe nnọchianya dị ndụ na mpako nke omenala egwu Bekee.

G. Zhdanova