Anatoly Lyadov |

Anatoly Lyadov

Lyadov. Lullaby (dir. Leopold Stokowski)

… Lyadov ji obi umeala kenyere onwe ya ubi nke miniature – piano na orchestral – na-arụ ọrụ na ya na oké ịhụnanya na thoroughness nke onye ọrụ nka na uto, a mbụ-klas jeweler na nna ukwu nke style. The mma n'ezie biri na ya na mba-Russian ime mmụọ ụdị. B. Asafiev

A. Lyadov bụ nke ọgbọ na-eto eto nke ụyọkọ kpakpando dị ịrịba ama nke ndị na-ede egwú Russia nke ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. O gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka onye na-ede egwú, onye nduzi, onye nkụzi, egwu egwu na ọha mmadụ. Na obi nke Lyadov ọrụ bụ ihe oyiyi nke Russian epic na song akụkọ ifo, akụkọ ifo fantasy, ọ na-ji lyrics imbued na-atụgharị uche, a aghụghọ echiche nke okike; N'ime ọrụ ya, e nwere ihe dị iche iche nke njirimara na ihe ọchị. Egwu Lyadov bụ ọkụ, ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ, njide n'igosipụta mmetụta, na-akwụsị mgbe ụfọdụ site n'ọchịchọ mmụọ, ahụmịhe ozugbo. Lyadov ṅara ntị nke ọma na mmelite nke ụdị nka: ịdị mfe, ịdị mfe na ịdị mma, nha nhata - ndị a bụ njirisi ya kachasị elu maka nka. Ọrụ M. Glinka na A. Pushkin jere ozi dị ka ihe kacha mma maka ya. O chere ogologo oge na nkọwa niile nke ọrụ ndị o kere wee dee ihe mejupụtara ya nke ọma, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị ntụpọ.

Ụdị egwu kachasị amasị Lyadov bụ obere ngwá ọrụ ma ọ bụ ụda olu. Onye na-ede egwú ji njakịrị kwuo na ya enweghị ike iguzo ihe karịrị nkeji ise. Ọrụ ya niile bụ nke pere mpe, dị nkenke na nke edobere n'ụdị. Ọrụ Lyadov dị obere na olu, cantata, ihe nkiri 12 maka egwu egwu egwu egwu, egwu ụmụaka 18 na okwu ọdịnala maka ụda olu na piano, 4 romances, ihe dị ka nhazi 200 nke egwu ndị mmadụ, ọtụtụ ukwe, ihe egwu ụlọ 6, ihe karịrị 50 maka piano. .

Lyadov mụrụ n'ezinụlọ music. Nna ya bụ onye nduzi na Mariinsky Theatre. Nwa nwoke ahụ nwere ohere ige egwu egwu egwu na egwu egwu, na-agakarị na ụlọ opera maka mmeghari na ihe ngosi niile. "Ọ hụrụ Glinka n'anya ma mara ya site n'obi. "Rogneda" na "Judith" Serov nwere mmasị na ya. N'elu ogbo ahụ, o tinyere aka na ndị njem na ìgwè mmadụ ahụ, mgbe ọ lọtara n'ụlọ, ọ na-egosi Ruslan ma ọ bụ Farlaf n'ihu enyo. Ọ nụrụ ezuru ndị na-agụ egwú, ukwe na ndị egwú,” chetara N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Egwú egwu gosipụtara onwe ya n'oge, na 1867 Lyadov dị afọ iri na otu banyere na St. Petersburg Conservatory. Ya na Rimsky-Korsakov mụrụ ihe odide bara uru. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi anọghị ya na enweghị ọzụzụ na 1876, a chụpụrụ ya. Na 1878 Lyadov banyere conservatory nke ugboro abụọ na n'otu afọ brilliantly gafere ikpeazụ ule. Dị ka ọrụ diplọma, e nyere ya egwu maka ihe nkiri ikpeazụ nke "The Messinia Bride" nke F. Schiller dere.

N'etiti 70s. Lyadov zutere ndị òtù Balakirev. Nke a bụ ihe Mussorgsky dere banyere nzukọ mbụ ya na ya: “… A ọhụrụ, enweghị obi abụọ, mbụ na Russian talent na-eto eto… "Nkwukọrịta na ndị isi egwu egwu nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmepe okike nke Lyadov. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmasị ya na-agbasawanye: nkà ihe ọmụma na nkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze, aesthetics na sayensị eke, akwụkwọ oge ochie na nke oge a. Mkpa dị mkpa nke ọdịdị ya bụ ntụgharị uche. "Cheta ihe n'akwụkwọ ahụ I tosirima zụlite ya na nnukwumgbe ahụ ị ga-ama ihe ọ pụtara -eche", o mechara degara otu n'ime ndị enyi ya akwụkwọ.

Site n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1878, Lyadov ghọrọ onye nkụzi na St. Petersburg Conservatory, ebe ọ kụziiri usoro ihe omume maka ndị na-eme egwuregwu, na site na etiti 80s. Ọ na-akụzikwa ihe n'ụlọ ụka Singing Chapel. Na mmalite nke 70-80s. Lyadov malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye nduzi na mpaghara St. Petersburg nke ndị hụrụ egwu n'anya, ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi na egwu egwu ọha na eze nke A. Rubinstein tọrọ ntọala, yana na egwu egwu egwu Russia nke M. Belyaev tọrọ ntọala. Àgwà ya dị ka onye nduzi bụ nke Rimsky-Korsakov, Rubinstein, G. Laroche ji kpọrọ ihe.

Njikọ egwu Lyadov na-agbasawanye. Ọ na-ezute P. Tchaikovsky, A. Glazunov, Laroche, na-aghọ onye òtù nke Belyaevsky Fridays. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama dị ka onye na-ede egwú. Kemgbe 1874, e bipụtara ọrụ mbụ nke Lyadov: 4 romances, op. 1 na "Spikers" op. 2 (1876). Romances tụgharịrị bụrụ naanị ahụmahụ Lyadov na ụdị a; E kere ha n'okpuru nduzi nke "Kuchkists". "Spikers" bụ ihe mejupụtara piano mbụ nke Lyadov, nke bụ usoro nke obere iberibe dị iche iche, jikọtara ya na okirikiri zuru oke. Ugbua ebe a ka a na-ekpebi ụzọ ngosi Lyadov - mmekọrịta chiri anya, ịdị mfe, ịdị mma. Ruo mmalite 1900s. Lyadov dere na bipụtara 50 opuses. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ obere piano iberibe: intermezzos, arabesques, preludes, impromptu, etudes, mazurkas, waltzes, wdg The Musical Snuffbox emeriwo mbara ewu ewu, nke ihe oyiyi nke a puppet-egwuri egwu ụwa na-reproduced na akpan akpan subtlety na ọkaibe. N'ime okwu mmalite, Prelude na B obere op. pụtara karịsịa. 11, abụ olu ụtọ nke dị nso na ụda ndị mmadụ "Na ihe dị n'ụwa dị obi ọjọọ" site na nchịkọta M. Balakirev "40 Russian Folk Songs".

Ọrụ kachasị ukwuu maka piano gụnyere okirikiri abụọ dị iche iche (na isiokwu nke Glinka's romance "Venetian Night" na na isiokwu Polish). Otu n'ime egwuregwu ndị a ma ama bụ ballad "Banyere oge ochie". Ọrụ a dị nso na ibe akwụkwọ akụkọ Glinka opera "Ruslan na Lyudmila" na "Bogatyrskaya" egwu egwu nke A. Borodin. N'afọ 2, Lyadov mere ụdị egwu egwu nke ballad "Banyere oge ochie", V. Stasov, mgbe ọ nụrụ ya, kwuru, sị: "Nke bụ eziokwu. ubo Ị kpụrụ akpụ ebe a.”

Na njedebe nke 80s. Lyadov tụgharịrị gaa n'egwú olu wee mepụta nchịkọta 3 nke egwu ụmụaka dabere na ederede nke njakịrị ndị mmadụ, akụkọ ifo, choruses. C. Cui kpọrọ abụ ndị a “obere pearl kacha mma, emechachaa.”

Ebe ọ bụ na njedebe nke 90s. Lyadov ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-etinye aka na nhazi nke egwu ndị mmadụ na-anakọta site na njem nke Geographical Society. Nchịkọta 4 maka ụda olu na piano pụtara ìhè karịsịa. N'ịgbaso ọdịnala nke Balakirev na Rimsky-Korsakov Lyadov na-eji usoro nke polyphony subvocal eme ihe. Na n'ụdị a nke mmepụta egwu egwu, a na-egosipụta àgwà Lyadov a na-ahụkarị - mmekọrịta (ọ na-eji ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha nta nke ụda olu na-emepụta ákwà na-egbuke egbuke).

Site na mmalite nke XX narị afọ. Lyadov ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-eduga na ikike Russian egwú. Na conservatory, pụrụ iche theoretical na mejupụtara klas na-agafere ya, n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, B. Asafiev, na ndị ọzọ. Omume Lyadov na 1905, n'oge ọgba aghara nke ụmụ akwụkwọ, enwere ike ịkpọ ya n'atụghị egwu na ndị mara mma. N'ebe dị anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ sonyeere ndị nkuzi na-eduga n'enweghị ihe mgbochi megide omume mmeghachi omume nke RMS. Mgbe a chụpụrụ ya na Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatory, Lyadov, yana Glazunov, kwupụtara arụkwaghịm ya n'aka ndị ọkachamara ya.

Na 1900s Lyadov tụgharịrị tumadi na egwu egwu. Ọ na-emepụta ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị na-aga n'ihu na ọdịnala nke oge ochie Russia nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. Ndị a bụ miniatures orchestral, atụmatụ na ihe oyiyi nke a na-atụ aro site na isi mmalite ndị mmadụ ("Baba Yaga", "Kikimora") na ịtụgharị uche na ịma mma nke okike ("Ọdọ Mmiri Magic"). Lyadov kpọrọ ha "foto mara mma." N'ime ha, onye na-ede egwú na-eji ohere dị egwu na ihe osise nke ndị egwu egwu eme ihe, na-agbaso ụzọ Glinka na ndị dere The Mighty Handful. Otu ebe pụrụ iche bụ "Egwu Egwu asatọ nke Russia maka Orchestra", bụ nke Lyadov ji nkà mee ihe na-agụ egwú ndị bụ eziokwu - epic, lyrical, dance, ememe, ịgba egwú gburugburu, na-egosipụta akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa ime mmụọ nke onye Russia.

N'ime afọ ndị a, Lyadov gosipụtara mmasị na-ekpo ọkụ na usoro ọhụụ ọhụrụ na nke nkà, na nke a gosipụtara n'ọrụ ya. Ọ na-ede egwu maka egwu nke M. Maeterlinck "Sister Beatrice", ihe osise symphonic "Site na apocalypse" na "Abụ mwute maka Orchestra". Otu n'ime echiche kachasị ọhụrụ nke onye na-ede egwú bụ ballet "Leila na Alalei" na ihe nkiri symphonic "Kupala Night" nke dabeere na ọrụ A. Remizov.

Obi ilu nke ọnwụ kpuchiri afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ onye dere ya. Lyadov nwere oke iwe na oke iwe site na ọnwụ nke ndị enyi na ndị mmekọ: Stasov, Belyaev, Rimsky-Korsakov nwụrụ n'otu n'otu. Na 1911, Lyadov nwere ọrịa siri ike, nke na-enweghị ike ịgbake kpamkpam.

Ihe àmà pụtara ìhè nke nnabata nke uru Lyadov bụ ememe na 1913 nke afọ 35 nke ọrụ okike ya. Ọtụtụ ọrụ ya ka na-ewu ewu na ndị na-ege ntị n'anya.

A. Kuznetsova