Zdeněk Fibich |

Zdenek Fibich

Onye na-ede egwú Czech dị ịrịba ama Z. Fibich, yana B. Smetana na A. Dvorak, bụ ndị a họọrọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'etiti ndị malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ mba nke ndị na-ede egwú. Ndụ na ọrụ nke onye na-ede egwú dakọtara na ịrị elu nke ịhụ mba n'anya na Czech Republic, uto nke nsụhọ nke ndị ya, na nke a kacha pụta ìhè n'ọrụ ya. Onye na-ahụ maka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ya, akụkọ egwu egwu ya, Fiebich nyere aka dị ukwuu na mmepe nke omenala egwu Czech na karịsịa ihe nkiri egwu.

A mụrụ onye na-ede egwú n'ezinụlọ nke oke ọhịa. Fiebich nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'etiti ọdịdị mara mma nke Czech Republic. N'ime oge ndụ ya niile, ọ na-echeta ịma mma uri ya wee weghara ya n'ọrụ ịhụnanya, ọmarịcha ihe oyiyi jikọtara ya na ụwa okike. Otu n'ime ndị kasị mara amara n'oge ya, nke nwere ihe ọmụma miri emi na nke dịgasị iche iche n'ihe gbasara egwu, akwụkwọ na nkà ihe ọmụma, Fibich malitere ịmụrụ egwu egwu mgbe ọ dị afọ 14. Ọ nwetara akwụkwọ egwu egwu na Smetana Music School na Prague. mgbe ahụ na Leipzig Conservatory, na site na 1868 ọ kwalitere dị ka onye na-ede egwú, nke mbụ na Paris na, obere oge, na Mannheim. Ebe ọ bụ na 1871 (ewezuga afọ abụọ - 1873-74, mgbe ọ kụziri ihe na RMS School of Music na Vilnius), onye na-ede egwú biri na Prague. N'ebe a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke abụọ na onye na-abụ abụ nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri Provisional, onye nduzi nke òtù ukwe nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Rọshịa, ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka akụkụ ndị na-agụ egwú nke opera troupe nke National Theatre. Ọ bụ ezie na Fibich akụzighị ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ egwú dị na Prague, o nwere ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị mesịrị ghọọ ndị nnọchianya a ma ama nke omenala egwú Czech. N'ime ha bụ K. Kovarzovits, O. Ostrchil, 3. Nejedly. Na mgbakwunye, ihe dị mkpa Fiebich nyere na nkuzi bụ imepụta ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ịkpọ piano.

Omenala nke German musical romanticism keere òkè dị ukwuu n'ịmepụta nkà egwu Phoebech. Ọ dịghị mkpa ka m nwee mmasị n'akwụkwọ ozi ịhụnanya Czechoslovakia, karịsịa uri J. Vrchlicki, bụ́ onye ọrụ ya mere ka ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị na-ede egwú sikwuo ike. Dị ka onye na-ese ihe, Fiebich gara n'ụzọ siri ike nke evolushọn. Ọrụ mbụ ya dị mkpa nke 60-70s. jupụta na echiche ịhụ mba n'anya nke mba revival ije, ibé na ihe oyiyi na-biziri si Czech akụkọ ihe mere eme na oge ochie, juputara na nkwuwa okwu pụtara e ji mara mba song na ịgba egwu akụkọ ifo. N'ime ọrụ ndị a, uri symphonic Zaboy, Slavoy na Ludek (1874), opera-ballad Blanik nke ịhụ mba n'anya (1877), ihe osise symphonic Toman na Forest Fairy, na Spring so n'ime ọrụ ndị mere ka onye na-ede egwú mara aha na nke mbụ ya. . Agbanyeghị, akụkụ nke imepụta ihe kacha nso Phoebe bụ ihe nkiri egwu. Ọ bụ n'ime ya, ebe ụdị n'onwe ya chọrọ mmekọrịta chiri anya n'etiti ụdị nkà dị iche iche, na omenala dị elu, ọgụgụ isi na ọgụgụ isi nke onye na-ede egwú chọtara ngwa ha. Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Czech kwuru na, ya na nwunye nke Messina (1883), Fibich mere ka opera Czech baa ọgaranya site na egwu egwu, nke na-enweghị nha nha n'oge ahụ n'ihe gbasara mmetụta nka dị egwu. Mbubreyo 80s - mmalite 90-x gg. Fibich na-etinye aka na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ ya kachasị mkpa - ihe nkiri melodrama-trilogy "Hippodamia". Edere ya na ederede Vrchlitsky, onye mepụtara akụkọ ifo ndị Gris oge ochie a ma ama ebe a na mmụọ echiche nke nkà ihe ọmụma nke njedebe nke narị afọ, ọrụ a nwere uru nka dị elu, na-atụgharị ma gosipụta ike nke ụdị melodrama.

Afọ iri gara aga n'ọrụ Phoebech amịpụtara mkpụrụ karịsịa. O dere operas 4: "The Tempest" (1895), "Gedes" (1897), "Sharka" (1897) na "The Fall of Arcana" (1899). Agbanyeghị, ihe okike kacha pụta ìhè nke oge a bụ ihe mejupụtara pụrụ iche maka akwụkwọ piano ụwa niile - okirikiri nke piano 376 “Moods, Impressions and Memories”. Akụkọ banyere mmalite ya jikọtara ya na aha Anezka Schulz, nwunye onye na-ede egwú. Usoro okirikiri a, nke a na-akpọ Z. Nejedly "akwụkwọ ndekọ ịhụnanya nke Fiebich", ghọrọ ọ bụghị nanị na ngosipụta nke mmetụta miri emi nke onye na-ede egwú na-enwe na mmekọrịta chiri anya, kama ọ bụ ụdị ụlọ nyocha ihe okike nke o si na ya nweta ihe maka ọtụtụ ọrụ ya. Ihe onyonyo nke dị nkenke nke okirikiri ahụ ka ewegharịrị n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na Symphonies nke Abụọ na nke atọ wee nweta ụjọ pụrụ iche na idyll symphonic Tupu mgbede. Ihe odide violin nke ihe mejupụtara a, nke onye ama ama Czech violin J. Kubelik nwere, bịara mara nke ọma n'okpuru aha "Poem".

I. Vetlitsyna