Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev |

Sergei Prokofiev

Uru Kadinal (ma ọ bụ, ọ bụrụ na-amasị gị, ọghọm) nke ndụ m bụ mgbe niile ịchọ asụsụ izizi, asụsụ egwu nke m. Akpọrọ m nṅomi asị, akpọrọ m mkpọ okwu asị…

Ị nwere ike ịdị ogologo oge masịrị gị na mba ọzọ, mana ị ga-alaghachi n'ala nna gị site n'oge ruo n'oge maka ezigbo mmụọ Russian. S. Prokofiev

Afọ nwata nke onye na-ede egwú n'ọdịnihu gafere na ezinụlọ egwu. Nne ya bụ ezigbo onye pianist, nwata nwoke ahụ na-arahụ ụra, na-anụkarị ụda L. Beethoven sonatas na-abịa site n'ebe dị anya, ọtụtụ ọnụ ụlọ. Mgbe Seryozha dị afọ 5, o dere akwụkwọ mbụ ya maka piano. N'afọ 1902, S. Taneyev matara ahụmahụ ụmụ ya na-edepụta ihe, na ndụmọdụ ya, ihe ọmụmụ ihe mejupụtara malitere na R. Gliere. Na 1904-14 Prokofiev gụrụ akwụkwọ na St. Petersburg Conservatory na N. Rimsky-Korsakov (ngwá ọrụ), J. Vitols (ụdị egwu), A. Lyadov (ihe mejupụtara), A. Esipova (piano).

N'ule ikpeazụ, Prokofiev mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya nke ọma, nke e nyere ya ihe nrite. A. Rubinstein. Onye na-eto eto na-ede egwú na-eji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-enweta usoro ọhụrụ na egwu na n'oge na-adịghị anya chọta ụzọ nke ya dị ka onye na-egwu egwu ọhụrụ. N'ikwu okwu dị ka onye pianist, Prokofiev na-agụnyekarị ọrụ ya na mmemme ya, nke mere ka ndị na-ege ntị nwee mmeghachi omume siri ike.

Na 1918, Prokofiev hapụrụ USA, na-amalite n'ihu na usoro nke njem na mba ọzọ - France, Germany, England, Italy, Spain. N'ịgbalị imeri ndị na-ege ntị n'ụwa, ọ na-enye ọtụtụ egwu egwu, na-ede ọrụ ndị bụ isi - operas The Love for Three Oranges (1919), The Fiery Angel (1927); ndị ballets Steel Leap (1925, sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ihe omume mgbanwe na Russia), The Prodigal Son (1928), On the Dnieper (1930); egwu egwu.

Ná mmalite nke 1927 na na njedebe nke 1929 Prokofiev rụrụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na Soviet Union. Na 1927, ya concerts na-ẹkenịmde ke Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kyiv na Odessa. “Nnabata Moscow nyere m abụghị ihe nkịtị. … Nnabata na Leningrad tụgharịrị dị ọkụ karịa na Moscow,” onye dere ya dere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya. Ná ngwụsị nke 1932, Prokofiev kpebiri ịlaghachi n'ala nna ya.

Ebe ọ bụ na etiti 30s. Ihe okike nke Prokofiev ruru ogo ya. Ọ na-emepụta otu n'ime ndị ọkachamara ya - ballet "Romeo na Juliet" mgbe W. Shakespeare (1936); opera lyric-comic Betrothal na ebe obibi ndị mọnk (The Duenna, mgbe R. Sheridan gasịrị - 1940); cantatas "Alexander Nevsky" (1939) na "Toast" (1939); akụkọ ifo nke symphonic na ederede nke ya "Peter na Wolf" nwere ngwa-ihe odide (1936); Piano Sonata nke isii (1940); okirikiri nke piano iberibe "Egwu ụmụaka" (1935).

N'ime afọ 30-40. Egwu Prokofiev bụ ndị na-egwu egwu Soviet kacha mma: N. Golovanov, E. Gilels, B. Sofronitsky, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh. Ihe kacha mma nke Soviet choreography bụ ihe oyiyi Juliet, nke G. Ulanova kere. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1941, na a dacha nso Moscow, Prokofiev na-ese ihe nke Leningrad Opera na Ballet Ụlọ ihe nkiri. SM Kirov ballet-akụkọ "Cinderella". Akụkọ banyere ntiwapụ nke agha na fascist Germany na ihe omume ọjọọ ndị sochirinụ mere ka e nwee ọganihu ọhụrụ na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ede egwú. Ọ na-emepụta nnukwu opera heroic-patriotic epic opera "Agha na Udo" nke dabeere na akwụkwọ akụkọ L. Tolstoy (1943), na-arụ ọrụ na onye nduzi S. Eisenstein na ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme "Ivan the Terrible" (1942). Ihe oyiyi na-akpaghasị, ntụgharị uche nke ihe omume ndị agha na, n'otu oge ahụ, ọchịchọ na ike na-adịghị agwụ agwụ bụ njirimara nke egwu nke asaa Piano Sonata (1942). E jidere obi ike dị egwu na Symphony nke ise (1944), bụ nke onye na-ede egwú, n'okwu ya, chọrọ "ịbụ abụ nke onye nweere onwe ya na onye nwere obi ụtọ, ike ya dị ike, ịdị elu ya, ịdị ọcha ime mmụọ ya."

N'oge agha agha, n'agbanyeghị ọrịa siri ike, Prokofiev kere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị ịrịba ama: nke isii (1947) na nke asaa (1952) symphonies, nke itoolu Piano Sonata (1947), mbipụta ọhụrụ nke opera War na Peace (1952). , Cello Sonata (1949) na Symphony Concerto for cello and orchestra (1952). N'ikpeazụ 40s - mmalite 50s. kpuchiri mkpọsa mkpọtụ megide ntụziaka "mgbochi mba formalist" na nkà Soviet, mkpagbu nke ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nnọchianya ya kacha mma. Prokofiev ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị isi formalists na music. Nkwutọ e mere n'ihu ọha nke egwu ya na 1948 mere ka ahụ ike onye dere ya ka njọ.

Prokofiev nọrọ afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya na dacha dị n'ime obodo Nikolina Gora n'etiti ọdịdị Russia ọ hụrụ n'anya, ọ nọgidere na-ede akwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu, na-emebi iwu ndị dọkịta. Ọnọdụ ndị siri ike nke ndụ metụtakwara okike. Tinyere ezigbo masterpieces, n'ime ọrụ nke afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, e nwere ọrụ nke "echiche dị mfe" - "Nzukọ Volga na Don" (1951), oratorio "On Guard of the World" (1950), suite “Winter Bonfire” (1950), ibe ụfọdụ nke ballet “Akụkọ banyere ifuru nkume” (1950), Symphony nke asaa. Prokofiev nwụrụ n'otu ụbọchị ahụ dị ka Stalin, na nlegharị anya nke nnukwu onye na-ede egwú Rọshịa na njem ikpeazụ ya bụ ihe obi ụtọ na-ewu ewu n'ihe metụtara olili ozu nke nnukwu onye ndú nke ndị mmadụ.

Ụdị Prokofiev, nke ọrụ ya na-ekpuchi 4 na ọkara iri afọ nke ọgba aghara nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu. Prokofiev meghere ụzọ maka egwu ọhụrụ nke narị afọ anyị, yana ndị na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke mmalite narị afọ - C. Debussy. B. Bartok, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, ndị dere Novovensk ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ banyere nka dị ka onye na-atụ egwu mgbagha nke canons dara ada nke oge nka ịhụnanya na ọmarịcha ọkaibe ya. Na a peculiar ụzọ na-emepe emepe omenala nke M. Mussorgsky, A. Borodin, Prokofiev wetara n'ime music unbridled ike, onslaught, dynamism, freshness nke primordial agha, ghọtara dị ka "barbarism" ("Obsession" na Toccata maka piano, "Sarcasms"; Symphonic "Scythian Suite" dị ka ballet si kwuo "Ala na Lolly"; Nke mbụ na nke abụọ Piano Concertos). Egwu Prokofiev na-ekwughachi ihe ọhụrụ nke ndị egwu Russia ndị ọzọ, ndị na-ede uri, ndị na-ese ihe, ndị ọrụ ihe nkiri. "Sergey Sergeevich na-egwuri egwu na akwara dị nro nke Vladimir Vladimirovich," V. Mayakovsky kwuru banyere otu n'ime ihe omume Prokofiev. Ihe atụ nke obodo Russia na-atọ ụtọ ma na-atọ ụtọ site na ọmarịcha ọmarịcha ọmarịcha mara mma bụ njirimara nke ballet “The Tale of the Jester Who Cheated on Seven Jesters” (dabere na akụkọ ifo sitere na mkpokọta A. Afanasyev). Atụnyere obere oge ahụ lyricism; na Prokofiev, ọ naghị enwe mmetụta uche na uche - ọ na-eme ihere, dị nwayọọ, dị nro ("Fleeting", "Akụkọ nke nne ochie" maka piano).

Icha ọkụ, mgbanwe dị iche iche, okwu na-abawanye ụba bụ ụdị nke ụdị mba ọzọ afọ iri na ise. Nke a bụ opera "Ịhụnanya maka Oranges Atọ", na-efesa ọṅụ, na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, dabere na akụkọ ifo nke K. Gozzi ("otu iko champeenu", dị ka A. Lunacharsky si kwuo); Concerto nke atọ mara mma na nrụgide moto ya siri ike, kwụsịrị site na egwu ọkpọkọ dị ebube nke mmalite nke akụkụ nke mbụ, lyricism na-abanye n'ime otu n'ime ọdịiche nke akụkụ nke abụọ (1-2); esemokwu nke mmetụta uche siri ike na "The Fiery Angel" (dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ V. Bryusov); ike dị egwu na oke nke Symphony nke Abụọ (1917); "Cubist" obodo obodo nke "Steel lope"; lyrical introspection nke "Echiche" (21) na "Ihe n'ime onwe ha" (1924) maka piano. Oge ụdị 1934-1928s. akara site na njide onwe onye maara ihe dị na ntozu oke, jikọtara ya na omimi na ala mba nke echiche nka. Onye na-ede egwú na-agbalịsi ike maka echiche na gburugburu mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-akọwapụta ihe oyiyi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị na-egbuke egbuke, ndị nwere egwu egwu. Usoro ihe okike a na-emewanyewanye nke ọma na 30s. n'ihe metụtara ahụhụ dakwasịrị ndị Soviet n'afọ agha ahụ. Ngosipụta nke ụkpụrụ nke mmụọ mmadụ, nkọwa nka miri emi na-aghọ isi ọchịchọ nke Prokofiev: "Ekwenyesiri m ike na a na-akpọ onye na-ede egwú, dị ka onye na-ede uri, onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ese ihe, ka ọ na-ejere mmadụ na ndị mmadụ ozi. O kwesịrị ịbụ abụ gbasara ndụ mmadụ ma duru mmadụ gaa n'ọdịnihu dị mma. Ndị dị otú ahụ, site n'echiche m, bụ koodu nka nke na-enweghị atụ.

Prokofiev hapụrụ nnukwu ihe nketa okike - operas 8; 7 ballet; 7 Symphonies; 9 piano sonata; 5 piano concertos (nke nke anọ bụ maka otu aka ekpe); 2 violin, 2 cello concertos (Nke abụọ - Symphony-concert); 6 mkpụrụ osisi; oratorio; 2 ụda olu na symphonic suites; ọtụtụ piano iberibe; iberibe maka ndị egwú (gụnyere Russian Overture, Symphonic Song, Ode ruo ọgwụgwụ nke Agha, 2 Pushkin Waltzes); ụlọ ọrụ (Overture na isiokwu ndị Juu maka clarinet, piano na eriri quartet; Quintet maka oboe, clarinet, violin, viola na bass abụọ; 2 eriri quartets; 2 sonatas maka violin na piano; Sonata maka cello na piano; ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụda olu. maka okwu A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, A. Pushkin, N. Agnivtsev na ndị ọzọ).

Creativity Prokofiev nwetara nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ. Uru na-adịgide adịgide nke egwu ya dabeere na mmesapụ aka ya na obiọma ya, na ntinye aka ya n'echiche ndị dị elu nke mmadụ, na ụbara nke ngosipụta nka nke ọrụ ya.

Y. Kholopov

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