Virtuoso |

VIRTUOSIS (Ịtali virtuoso, sitere na Latin virtus - ike, dike, talent) - onye na-egwu egwu na-egwu egwu (yana onye ọ bụla na-ese ihe, onye na-ese ihe, nna ukwu n'ozuzu), onye maara usoro nke ọrụ ya nke ọma. N'ụzọ ziri ezi karị nke okwu ahụ: onye na-ese ihe nke ji obi ike (ya bụ n'atụghị egwu, n'atụghị egwu) meriri teknụzụ. ihe isi ike. Ọdịnaya nke okwu ahụ bụ "B" pụtara. enwetara naanị na narị afọ nke 18. Na narị afọ nke 17 na Ịtali, a na-akpọ V. onye na-ese ihe ma ọ bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị pụtara ìhè; na njedebe nke otu narị afọ, onye na-egwu egwu ọkachamara, dị iche na onye na-amu amu; emesia, onye na-egwu egwu, n'adịghị ka onye na-ede egwú. Otú ọ dị, dịka iwu, na narị afọ nke 17 na 18, na akụkụ ụfọdụ na narị afọ nke 19. Ndị na-ede egwú kasị ukwuu n'otu oge ahụ bụ ndị na-ede egwú (JS Bach, GF Handel, D. Scarlatti, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Liszt, na ndị ọzọ).

Nkwupụta nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri-V. Ejikọghị ya na mkpali nka na-adọrọ mmasị ndị na-ege ntị ma na-atụnye ụtụ na nkọwa dị egwu nke ọrụ ahụ. Na nke a ọ dị iche iche nke ọma na nke a na-akpọ. omume ọma, na nka krom. uru nke egwu na arụmọrụ recedes n'ime ndabere na ọbụna chụọ àjà oru. nka egwuregwu. Omume ọma tolitere n'otu n'otu na ịdị mma. Na narị afọ 17-18. ọ hụrụ okwu pụtara ìhè n'asụsụ Ịtali. opera (ndị na-agụ egwú castrati). Na narị afọ nke 19, na njikọ na mmepe nke romanticism. art-va, virtuoso ga-eme. nka aka eruola n'ọkwa; pụtara n'otu oge ahụ. ebe na music virtuosity nwekwara ji ndụ ya, dapụtara na a salon-virtuoso direction. N'oge ahụ, o gosipụtara onwe ya karịsịa na mpaghara FP. arụmọrụ. Executable ngwaahịa mgbe unceremoniously gbanwere, agbagọ, onwem na ikpọ amaokwu nke kwere ka pianist na-egosi apụ were were ya mkpịsị aka, Thunderous tremolos, bravura octaves, wdg E nwere ọbụna a pụrụ iche ụdị muses. akwụkwọ - ejije nke a salon-virtuoso agwa, nke nwere obere uru na nka. nkwanye ùgwù, ezubere naanị iji gosipụta usoro egwu egwu nke onye na-eme ihe na-edepụta iberibe ndị a (“Agha Oké Osimiri”, “Agha Jemappe”, “Mbibi nke Moscow” nke Steibelt dere, “The Crazy” Kalkbrenner, “The Lion Awakening” nke An. Kontsky, "Butterflies" na nsụgharị nke Rosenthal na wdg).

Mmetụta na-emebi emebi nke omume ọma na-akpa na-amasị ọha mmadụ kpalitere eke. iwe na mkpesa dị nkọ sitere n'aka ndị na-egwu egwu dị egwu (ETA Hoffmann, R. Schumann, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, VF Odoevsky, AN Serov), mere ka e nwee àgwà na-enweghị atụ maka ịdị mma dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ: ha ji okwu V. n'ike. atụmatụ, na-akọwa ya dị ka ịkatọ. N'ihe gbasara ndị na-ese ihe, ha na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ "V" eme ihe. naanị na njikọ na epithet "ezi".

Ihe atụ kpochapụwo nke ezi omume ọma - egwuregwu nke N. Paganini, F. Liszt (n'oge ntozu); Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe ngosi nke oge sochirinụ kwesịkwara ịnakwere dị ka ezi V..

References: Hoffmann ETA, Trios abụọ maka pianoforte, violin na cello op. 70, nke L. van Beethoven dere. Nyochaa, «Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung», 1812/1813, то же, в кн.: Е.Т.A. Ihe odide egwu Hoffmann, Tl 3, Regensburg, 1921; Wagner R., Virtuoso na Onye nka, Edemede anakọtara, Vol. 7, Lpz., 1914, p. 63-76; Weissmann A., The Virtuoso, В., 1918; Вlaukopf К., nnukwu virtuosos, W., 1954,2 1957; Pincherle M., Le monde des virtuoses, P., 1961.

GM Kogan