Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart |

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

N'ime nkwenye siri ike m, Mozart bụ ebe kachasị elu, nke na-agwụ agwụ, nke ịma mma ruru na mpaghara egwu. P. Tchaikovsky

“Lee omimi! Lee obi ike na lee nkwekọrịta! Otu a ka Pushkin si kwupụta nke ọma ihe bụ isi nke nka mara mma nke Mozart. N'ezie, ndị dị otú ahụ a Nchikota oge gboo zuru okè na nkwuwa okwu nke echiche, ndị dị otú ahụ enweghi ngwụcha nke onye mkpebi dabere n'ụzọ doro anya na kpọmkwem iwu nke mejupụtara, anyị ga-eleghị anya na ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị kere egwú nka. Sunny doro anya na nke a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta, dị mfe na nnukwu mgbagwoju anya, mmadụ na eluigwe na ala, mbara igwe na-egosi ụwa egwu Mozart.

WA Mozart mụrụ n'ezinụlọ Leopold Mozart, onye na-akụ violin na onye na-ede egwú n'obí nke achịbishọp Salzburg. Ọkachamara ọgụgụ isi nyere Mozart aka ide egwu site na afọ anọ, mara ngwa ngwa nka nka nke ịkpọ clavier, violin na organ. Nna ahụ ji nkà lekọta ọmụmụ ihe nwa ya nwoke. N'afọ 1762-71. ọ mere njem nlegharị anya, n'oge nke ọtụtụ ụlọikpe Europe maara nkà nke ụmụ ya (nke okenye, nwanne Wolfgang bụ onye na-egwu egwu clavier, ya onwe ya na-abụ abụ, na-eduzi, na-egwuri egwu dị iche iche virtuoso na improvised), nke n'ebe nile kpatara mmasị. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, Mozart nyere iwu popu nke Golden Spur, nke a họpụtara ịbụ onye otu Philharmonic Academy na Bologna.

Na njem, Wolfgang maara egwu nke mba dị iche iche, na-amụta ụdị àgwà nke oge ahụ. Ya mere, ịmara JK Bach, bụ onye bi na London, na-eme ka ndị mbụ symphonies dị ndụ (1764), na Vienna (1768) ọ na-enweta iwu maka opera na ụdị nke Italian buffa opera ("The Pretend Simple Girl") na German Singspiel (" Bastien na Bastienne "; otu afọ gara aga, opera ụlọ akwụkwọ (Latin comedy) Apollo na Hyacinth e mere na Mahadum Salzburg. Karịsịa na-amị mkpụrụ bụ ọnụnọ ya na Ịtali, ebe Mozart kwalitere na counterpoint (polyphony) na GB Martini. (Bologna), na-etinye na Milan, opera seria "Mithridates, Eze Pontus" (1770), na na 1771 - opera "Lucius Sulla".

Nwa okorobịa ahụ mara mma enweghị mmasị na ndị ahịa karịa nwa ọrụ ebube, L. Mozart enweghịkwa ike ịchọta ya ebe ọ bụla n'ụlọikpe Europe ọ bụla dị n'isi obodo. M ga-alaghachi Salzburg iji rụọ ọrụ nke onye so n'ụlọikpe ahụ. Ọchịchọ ihe okike nke Mozart ugbu a bụ naanị iwu maka ide egwu dị nsọ, yana iberibe ntụrụndụ - iche iche, cassations, serenades (ya bụ, ụlọ ndị nwere akụkụ ịgba egwu maka ngwa egwu dị iche iche nke na-ada ọ bụghị naanị na mgbede ụlọ ikpe, kamakwa n'okporo ụzọ. n'ụlọ ndị obodo Austria). Mozart gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ya na mpaghara a mgbe e mesịrị na Vienna, bụ ebe e kere ọrụ ya kachasị ama nke ụdị a - "Little Night Serenade" (1787), ụdị obere egwu egwu, jupụtara na ọchị na amara. Mozart na-edekwa concertos maka violin na orchestra, clavier na violin sonatas, wdg Otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke egwu nke oge a bụ Symphony na G obere Nke 25, nke gosipụtara nnupụisi "Werther" ọnọdụ àgwà nke oge, nso nso. n'ime mmụọ na mmegharị agụmagụ "Oké ifufe na Mwakpo" .

N'ịdabere na ógbè Salzburg, bụ ebe ebubo mkparị nke achịbishọp kpọchiri ya, Mozart mere mgbalị enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma ibi na Munich, Mannheim, Paris. Njem ndị a na obodo ndị a (1777-79), Otú ọ dị, wetara a otutu nke mmetụta uche (mbụ ịhụnanya - onye na-agụ egwú Aloysia Weber, ọnwụ nne) na nka echiche, gosipụtara, karịsịa, na clavier sonatas (na A obere, na A). isi na ọdịiche na Rondo alla turca), na Symphony Concerto maka violin na viola na orchestra, wdg. Iche opera mmepụta ("The Dream of Scipio" - 1772, "The Shepherd King" - 1775, ma na Salzburg; "Echere echiche." Onye na-elekọta ubi" - 1775, Munich) emejughị ọchịchọ Mozart na ịkpọtụrụ ụlọ opera mgbe niile. Nhazi nke opera seria Idomeneo, Eze nke Krit (Munich, 1781) kpughere ntozu oke nke Mozart dị ka onye na-ese ihe na nwoke, obi ike na nnwere onwe n'ihe gbasara ndụ na okike. N'ịbụ onye na-esi na Munich bịarute Vienna, bụ ebe achịbishọp gara ememe nchichi, Mozart mebiri ya, na-ajụ ịlaghachi na Salzburg.

Mma mbụ Viennese nke Mozart bụ singspiel The Abduction from the Seraglio (1782, Burgtheater), nke sochiri alụmdi na nwunye ya na Constance Weber (nwanne Aloysia nke nta). Otú ọ dị (mgbe e mesịrị, opera iwu anabataghị ọtụtụ mgbe. Onye na-ede uri ikpe L. Da Ponte nyere aka na mmepụta nke operas na ogbo nke Burgtheater, nke e dere na ya libretto: abụọ nke Mozart Central ọrụ - "Alụmdi na Nwunye nke Figaro" ( 1786) na "Don Giovanni" (1788), nakwa opera-buff "Nke ahụ bụ ihe onye ọ bụla na-eme" (1790); na Schönbrunn (ụlọ okpomọkụ nke ụlọ ikpe) otu ihe nkiri na egwu "Onye nduzi nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri" (1786) e mekwara.

N'ime afọ mbụ na Vienna, Mozart na-emekarị, na-emepụta concertos maka clavier na orchestra maka "agụmakwụkwọ" ya (ihe nkiri haziri site na ndenye aha n'etiti ndị na-azụ ahịa nka). Nke pụrụ iche dị mkpa maka onye na-ede egwú na-arụ ọrụ bụ ọmụmụ nke ọrụ nke JS Bach (yana GF Handel, FE Bach), nke eduzi ya nka mmasị ubi nke polyphony, na-enye ọhụrụ omimi na mkpa ya echiche. Nke a pụtara n'ụzọ doro anya na Fantasia na Sonata na C obere (1784-85), na isii eriri quartets raara nye I. Haydn, onye Mozart nwere oké mmadụ na okike enyi. Egwú Mozart dị omimi banyere n'ime ihe nzuzo nke ịdị adị mmadụ, ka ọdịdị nke ọrụ ya dị n'otu n'otu, ka ha na-enwechaghị ihe ịga nke ọma na Vienna (onye na-agụ egwú ụlọ ikpe nke natara na 1787 manyere ya naanị ịmepụta egwu maka masquerades).

Achọpụtara ọtụtụ nghọta site na onye na-ede egwú na Prague, bụ ebe na 1787 Alụmdi na Nwunye nke Figaro malitere, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya, ihe ngosi nke Don Giovanni dere maka obodo a mere (na 1791 Mozart wepụtara opera ọzọ na Prague - Ebere Taịtọs), nke kwuputara n'ụzọ doro anya ọrụ nke isiokwu dị egwu na ọrụ Mozart. The Prague Symphony in D major (1787) na ikpeazụ atọ symphonies (No. 39 na E-flat major, Nke 40 na G obere, Nke 41 na C isi - Jupiter; okpomọkụ 1788) akara otu nkwuwa okwu na ọhụrụ, nke nyere ihe na-enweghị atụ na-egbuke egbuke na zuru ezu foto nke echiche na mmetụta nke oge ha ma meghere ụzọ maka egwu egwu nke narị afọ XIX. N'ime egwu egwu atọ nke 1788, naanị Symphony na G obere ka emere otu ugboro na Vienna. Ihe okike ikpeazụ na-adịghị anwụ anwụ nke amamihe Mozart bụ opera The Magic Flute - ukwe maka ìhè na ihe kpatara ya (1791, Ụlọ ihe nkiri dị na mpaghara Viennese) - na nnukwu iru uju nke Requiem, nke onye na-ede egwú agwụbeghị.

Ọnwụ mberede nke Mozart, onye ahụike ya nwere ike imebi site na ogologo oge nke ike okike na ọnọdụ siri ike nke afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, ọnọdụ dị omimi nke usoro nke Requiem (dị ka ọ tụgharịrị, iwu na-amaghị aha bụ nke a. ụfọdụ Count F. Walzag-Stuppach, onye bu n'obi ịfefe ya dị ka ihe mejupụtara ya), ili ozu n'ili nkịtị - ihe a niile mere ka mgbasa nke akụkọ ifo banyere nsị nke Mozart (lee, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọdachi Pushkin "Mozart na Salieri”), nke na-enwetaghị nkwenye ọ bụla. Maka ọtụtụ ọgbọ ndị sochirinụ, ọrụ Mozart aghọwo ihe ngosi nke egwu n'ozuzu ya, ikike ya ịmegharị akụkụ nile nke ịdị adị mmadụ, na-egosi ha n'ụzọ mara mma na nke zuru oke, jupụtara, Otú ọ dị, na ọdịiche dị n'ime ime na esemokwu. Ụwa nka nke egwu Mozart yiri ka ọ bụ ụdị agwa dị iche iche, agwa mmadụ nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ. Ọ gosipụtara otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke oge ahụ, bụ nke mechiri na mgbanwe mgbanwe French nke 1789, ụkpụrụ na-enye ndụ (ihe oyiyi nke Figaro, Don Juan, egwu egwu "Jupiter", wdg). Nkwenye nke àgwà mmadụ, ọrụ nke mmụọ na-ejikọta ya na mkpughe nke ụwa mmetụta uche kasị baa ọgaranya - ụdị dị iche iche nke ndò dị n'ime ya na nkọwa ya na-eme ka Mozart bụrụ onye na-ebu ụzọ nke nkà ịhụnanya.

Omume zuru oke nke egwu Mozart, nke na-anabata ụdị niile nke oge ahụ (ma e wezụga ndị a kpọtụrụ aha - ballet "Trinkets" - 1778, Paris; egwu maka ihe nkiri, egwu egwu, egwu, gụnyere "Violet" na ọdụ JW Goethe. , masses , motets, cantatas na ndị ọzọ choral ọrụ, ụlọ ensembles nke dị iche iche mejupụtara, concertos maka ifufe ngwá na ihe egwú, Concerto maka ọjà na ụbọ akwara na ihe egwú, wdg) na nke nyere ha oge gboo samples, bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi na nnukwu ibu. Ọrụ a rụrụ na ya mmekọrịta nke ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụdị, oge na ụdị egwu.

N'ịkọba njirimara njirimara nke ụlọ akwụkwọ oge gboo nke Viennese, Mozart chịkọtara ahụmahụ nke Italian, French, German omenala, ndị mmadụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri ọkachamara, ụdị opera dị iche iche, wdg. Ọrụ ya gosipụtara esemokwu mmekọrịta ọha na eze-psychological nke a mụrụ site na ikuku tupu mgbanwe mgbanwe na France. (libretto " Alụmdi na Nwunye nke Figaro "Edere dị ka egwuregwu ọgbara ọhụrụ nke P. Beaumarchais si dị" Crazy Day, ma ọ bụ Alụmdi na Nwunye nke Figaro "), mmụọ nnupụisi na nke nwere mmetụta nke German ifufe ("Oké ifufe na Onslaught"), mgbagwoju anya na ebighi ebi. nsogbu nke esemokwu n'etiti obi ike nke mmadụ na nkwụghachi omume omume ("Don Juan").

Ọdịdị nke onye ọrụ Mozart bụ nke ọtụtụ ntinye na usoro mmepe nke oge ahụ jikọtara ma nụ ya site n'aka nnukwu onye okike. Ngwa egwu ya na-emetụta opera, njirimara mmepe nke symphonic abanye n'ime opera na uka, egwu egwu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Symphony na G obere - ụdị akụkọ banyere ndụ nke mkpụrụ obi mmadụ) nwere ike inye ya. njirimara nkọwa nke egwu ụlọ, concerto - na mkpa nke symphony, wdg The genre canons nke Italian buffa opera na Alụmdi na Nwunye nke Figaro na-agbanwe agbanwe na-edo onwe ya n'okpuru ihe e kere eke nke a ntochi nke ezi agwa na a doro anya lyrical accent, n'azụ. Aha "jolly drama" enwere ihe ngwọta zuru oke nke onye ọ bụla maka ihe nkiri egwu na Don Giovanni, nke Shakespearean dị iche iche nke ihe ọchị na nke dị egwu.

Otu n'ime ihe atụ kachasị mma nke njikọ nka Mozart bụ Flute Ime Anwansi. N'okpuru mkpuchi nke akụkọ ifo na ihe mgbagwoju anya (ọtụtụ isi mmalite na-eji na libre site E. Schikaneder), echiche utopia nke amamihe, ịdị mma na ikpe ziri ezi zuru ụwa ọnụ, njirimara nke Enlightenment, zoro ezo (mmetụta nke Freemasonry na-emetụtakwa ebe a. - Mozart bụ onye otu "ụmụnna ndị mason nweere onwe ha"). Arias nke "nnụnụ-nnụnụ" nke Papageno n'ime mmụọ nke egwu ndị mmadụ na-atụgharị na egwu egwu siri ike na akụkụ nke Zorastro maara ihe, egwu sitere n'obi nke aria nke ndị hụrụ Tamino na Pamina - ya na coloratura nke Queen of the Night. fọrọ nke nta parodying na virtuoso na-abụ abụ na Italian opera, Nchikota arias na ensembles na colloquial dialogues (na omenala nke singspiel) na-anọchi a site mmepe na ogologo finals. A na-ejikọta ihe ndị a niile na ụda "anwansi" nke Mozart orchestra n'ihe gbasara nkà nke ngwá ọrụ (na solo flute na mgbịrịgba). Ikike nke egwu Mozart mere ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo nka maka Pushkin na Glinka, Chopin na Tchaikovsky, Bizet na Stravinsky, Prokofiev na Shostakovich.

E. Tsareva

Onye nkuzi mbụ ya na onye ndụmọdụ ya bụ nna ya, Leopold Mozart, onye enyemaka Kapellmeister n'ụlọ ikpe nke Achịbishọp Salzburg. N'afọ 1762, nna ya webatara Wolfgang, onye ka na-eto eto, na nwanne ya nwanyị Nannerl n'ụlọikpe nke Munich na Vienna: ụmụaka na-egwu bọtịnụ, violin na abụ, na Wolfgang na-emeziwanye. Na 1763, ogologo njem ha mere na ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ Germany, Belgium, Holland, ndịda France, Switzerland, ruo England; ugboro abụọ ha nọ na Paris. Na London, e nwere onye maara Abel, JK Bach, yana ndị na-agụ egwú Tenducci na Manzuoli. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Mozart dere operas The Imaginary Shepherdess na Bastien et Bastienne. Na Salzburg, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eso ya. Na 1769, 1771 na 1772 ọ gara Italy, ebe ọ nwetara amara, mebere operas ya ma tinye aka na agụmakwụkwọ usoro. Na 1777, na ụlọ ọrụ nne ya, ọ gara Munich, Mannheim (ebe ọ hụrụ onye na-agụ egwú Aloisia Weber n'anya) na Paris (ebe nne ya nwụrụ). O biri na Vienna na 1782 lụrụ Constance Weber, nwanne Aloysia. N'otu afọ ahụ, opera ya The Abduction si Seraglio na-echere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọ na-emepụta ọrụ nke dị iche iche Genres, na-egosi ịtụnanya versatility, na-aghọ a ụlọikpe dere (na-enweghị kpọmkwem ọrụ) na-atụ anya na-enweta post nke abụọ Kapellmeister nke Royal Chapel mgbe Gluck nwụsịrị (nke mbụ bụ Salieri). N'agbanyeghị na a ma ama, karịsịa dị ka onye na-ede egwú opera, olileanya Mozart emezughị, gụnyere n'ihi ịgba asịrị banyere àgwà ya. Hapụ Requiem emechabeghị. Nkwanye nkwanye ùgwù maka mgbakọ na omenala ndị aristocratic, ma okpukpe ma nke ụwa, jikọtara na Mozart na mmetụta nke ibu ọrụ na ime mmụọ nke mere ka ụfọdụ na-ewere ya dị ka onye na-ebu ụzọ mara ihe nke Romanticism, ebe ndị ọzọ ọ na-anọgide na-enweghị njedebe na-enweghị atụ nke a nụchara anụcha na nke nwere ọgụgụ isi. afọ, nkwanye ùgwù metụtara iwu na canons. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ọ bụ kpọmkwem site na nkukota mgbe nile nke egwu egwu na omume dị iche iche nke oge ahụ ka a mụrụ mma nke egwu Mozart a dị ọcha, dị nro, nke na-adịghị emebi emebi, bụ nke n'ụzọ dị omimi na-enwe ahụ ọkụ, aghụghọ, na-ama jijiji na nke ahụ. a na-akpọ "ndị mmụọ ọjọọ". N'ihi nkwekọ nke àgwà ndị a, onye nwe Austrian - ezigbo ọrụ ebube nke egwu - meriri ihe isi ike niile nke mejupụtara na ihe ọmụma nke okwu ahụ, nke A. Einstein na-akpọ "somnambulistic" n'ụzọ ziri ezi, na-emepụta ọtụtụ ọrụ na-agbapụta. site n'okpuru mkpịsị akwụkwọ ya ma n'okpuru nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị ahịa na yana n'ihi mkpali dị n'ime ozugbo. O mere na ọsọ na obi iru ala nke nwoke nke oge a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọgidere na-abụ nwa ebighị ebi, ọbịa na ihe ọ bụla omenala phenomena na-adịghị metụtara music, kpamkpam tụgharịa gaa n'èzí ụwa na n'otu oge ahụ ike nke ịtụnanya nghọta n'ime. omimi nke akparamaagwa na echiche.

Onye na-enweghị atụ connoisseur nke mkpụrụ obi mmadụ, karịsịa nwanyị (onye nyere ya amara na duality na nha nhata), nghọta ịkwa emo omume, nrọ nke ezigbo ụwa, na-adị mfe na-akpụ akpụ site n'obi iru uju na kasị ọṅụ, a pious ọbụ abụ nke agụụ mmekọahụ. na sacraments - ma ndị ikpeazụ a bụ ndị Katọlik ma ọ bụ Masonic - Mozart ka na-adọrọ mmasị dị ka mmadụ, na-anọgide na-abụ isi nke egwu n'echiche nke oge a. Dị ka onye na-egwu egwu, ọ chịkọtara ihe niile ọ rụzuru n'oge gara aga, na-eme ka ụdị egwu niile zuo oke ma karịa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị niile bu ya ụzọ na nchikota zuru oke nke mgbago ugwu na Latin. Iji mee ka ihe nketa egwu Mozart dịkwuo mma, ọ dị mkpa ibipụta na 1862 katalọgụ dị oke egwu, emezigharịrị ma mezie ya, nke bu aha onye nchịkọta ya L. von Köchel.

Dị otú ahụ na-arụpụta ihe na-emepụta ihe - ọ bụghị otú ahụ obere, Otú ọ dị, na European music - bụghị nanị n'ihi nke ebumnobi ikike (a na-ekwu na o dere music na otu mfe na mfe dị ka akwụkwọ ozi): n'ime obere oge ekenye ya site akara aka na akara site na mgbe ụfọdụ enweghị nkọwa qualitative mmali, e mepụtara ya site na nkwurịta okwu na ndị nkụzi dị iche iche, nke mere ka o kwe omume imeri oge nsogbu na guzobe mastery. N'ime ndị na-egwu egwú bụ ndị nwere mmetụta kpọmkwem n'ahụ ya, onye kwesịrị ịkpọ aha (na mgbakwunye na nna ya, ndị Ịtali bu ụzọ na ndị dịkọrọ ndụ, yana D. von Dittersdorf na JA Hasse) I. Schobert, KF Abel (na Paris na London), ma ụmụ Bach, Philipp Emanuel na karịsịa Johann Christian, onye bụ ihe atụ nke nchikota nke "gallant" na "mụtara" ụdị na nnukwu ngwá ọrụ, nakwa dị ka arias na opera usoro, KV Gluck - na usoro nke ihe nkiri. , N'agbanyeghị na ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama na ntọala okike, Michael Haydn, onye ọkpụkpọ counterpoint magburu onwe ya, nwanne nke Josef ukwu, onye, ​​​​n'aka nke ya, gosipụtara Mozart ka ọ ga-esi nweta nkwupụta nkwenye, ịdị mfe, ịdị mfe na mgbanwe nke mkparịta ụka, na-ahapụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya. usoro. Njem ya na Paris na London, na Mannheim (ebe ọ na-ege ntị na egwu egwu ama ama nke Stamitz na-eduzi, nke mbụ na nke kachasị elu na Europe) bụ isi. Ka anyị rụtụ aka na gburugburu ebe obibi Baron von Swieten na Vienna, ebe Mozart gụrụ akwụkwọ ma nwee ekele maka egwu Bach na Handel; N'ikpeazụ, anyị mara njem gaa Italy, ebe o zutere ama na-agụ egwú na egwú (Sammartini, Piccini, Manfredini) na ebe Bologna o were udomo oro na nlezianya counterpoint si Padre Martini (na-ekwu eziokwu, ọ bụghị nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma).

N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, Mozart nwetara ngwakọta nke opera buffa na ihe nkiri na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya, na-enweta nsonaazụ egwu dị oke mkpa. Ọ bụ ezie na omume nke operas ya na-adabere na mmetụta ndị a họọrọ nke ọma, ndị na-egwu egwú, dị ka lymph, na-abanye n'ime cell ọ bụla nke àgwà àgwà, na-abanye n'ime obere oghere dị n'ime okwu ahụ, dị ka mmanya na-esi ísì ụtọ, na-ekpo ọkụ, dị ka egwu. na agwa agaghị enwe mmụọ zuru oke. jide ọrụ ahụ. Egwu nke ngwakọta a na-adịghị ahụkebe na-agba ọsọ n'ụgbọ mmiri zuru oke, ma ọ bụ na-akpụ solos a ma ama, ma ọ bụ na-eyi uwe dị iche iche na-akpachapụ anya nke ensemble. N'okpuru nguzozi na-adọrọ adọrọ mgbe niile na n'okpuru mkpuchi satirical na-egbuke egbuke, mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ agụụ mgbe nile maka nsụhọ mmadụ, nke na-ezobe site na egwuregwu na-enyere aka ịmụta ihe mgbu ma gwọọ ya. Ọ ga-ekwe omume na ụzọ okike ya na-egbuke egbuke kwụsịrị na Requiem, nke, n'agbanyeghị na agwụbeghị ya na ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka ọ dị mfe iji kpochapụ ịgụ ihe, ọ bụ ezie na nwa akwụkwọ na-adịghị mma dechara, ka na-ama jijiji ma na-akwa ákwá? Ọnwụ dị ka ọrụ na ịmụmụ ọnụ ọchị nke ndụ na-egosi anyị na Lacrimosa na-asụ ude, dị ka ozi nke chi na-eto eto ewepụrụ n'aka anyị n'oge na-adịghị anya.

G. Marchesi (nke E. Greceanii sụgharịrị)

• Ndepụta nke ihe mejupụtara Mozart →