Alexander Vasilyevich Mosolov |

Alexander Mosolov

Ihe mgbagwoju anya na nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ akara aka nke A. Mosolov dị ka onye na-ede egwú, onye na-ese ihe na-egbuke egbuke na nke mbụ, bụ onye mmasị na-arịwanye elu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Mgbanwe nke stylistic kachasị dị egwu mere na ọrụ ya, nke gosipụtara metamorphoses nke mere na ọkwa dị iche iche na mmepe nke egwu Soviet. N'otu afọ ahụ dị ka narị afọ gara aga, o ji nkwuwa okwu batara n'ime nka na 20s. na organically dabara n'ime "okwu" nke oge, na ya niile mkpali na ike na-agwụ ike, embodying ya nnupụisi mmụọ, imeghe na ọhụrụ ọnọdụ. Maka Mosolov afọ 20. ghọrọ ụdị oge nke "oké ifufe na nrụgide". N'oge a, akọwaworị ọnọdụ ya na ndụ nke ọma.

Ọdịmma nke Mosolov, onye na 1903 si na ndị mụrụ ya kwaga Kyiv gaa Moscow, nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe omume mgbanwe. N'iji obi ụtọ na-anabata mmeri nke Great October Revolution, na 1918 o wepụtara onwe ya n'ihu; na 1920 - debilized n'ihi shei ujo. Na naanị, na ihe niile, na 1921, mgbe banyere Moscow Conservatory, Mosolov malitere ide music. Ya na R. Glier mụrụ ihe mejupụtara, nkwekọ na counterpoint, wee gafere na klas nke N. Myaskovsky, bụ onye ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 1925. N'otu oge ahụ, ya na G. Prokofiev mụrụ piano, ma mesịa mụọ K. Igumnov. Nnukwu ihe okike nke Mosolov dị ịtụnanya: n'etiti 20s. ọ na-aghọ onye edemede nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ịrịba ama nke a na-emepụta ụdị ya. N. Myaskovsky dere na Mosolov n'August 10, 1927, sị: "Ị bụ onye na-enweghị atụ, ọ na-esi n'ime gị arịgoro, dị ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ cornucopia." ị na-ede ihe ntakịrị. Nke a, enyi m, bụ "Universal" "(Universal Edition mbipụta na Vienna. - NA)," na ọ ga-eti mkpu site na nke a nke ukwuu "! Site na 10 ruo 5, Mosolov kere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 1924 opuses, gụnyere piano sonatas, ụda olu ụlọ na miniatures, ihe egwu egwu, ụlọ opera "Hero", egwu egwu piano, egwu maka ballet "Steel" (nke sitere na ihe ngosi egwu a ma ama. pụtara "Factory").

N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, o dere operetta "Baptizim nke Russia, Symphony Anti-Religious" maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ, ukwe na ndị egwú, wdg.

N'ime afọ 20-30. mmasị na ọrụ Mosolov na mba anyị na ná mba ọzọ na-ejikọta ya na "Factory" (1926-28), bụ nke mmewere nke ụda-depictive polyostinato na-eme ka mmetụta nke nnukwu usoro na-arụ ọrụ. Ọrụ a nyere aka n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị ọgbọ ya ghọtara Mosolov karịsịa dị ka onye nnọchianya nke mmepụta egwu egwu jikọtara ya na àgwà àgwà na mmepe nke ihe nkiri Soviet na ihe nkiri egwu (cheta ọrụ nduzi nke Vs. "Metallurgical Plant" site na opera. "Ice na ígwè" nke V. Deshevov - 1925). Otú ọ dị, Mosolov n'oge a na-achọ ma na-enweta ndị ọzọ n'ígwé nke oge a music style. N'afọ 1930, o dere usoro ụda olu abụọ na-enweghị atụ, nke na-adịghị mma nwere akụkụ nke mkpasu iwe: "Ihe nkiri ụmụaka atọ" na " mgbasa ozi akwụkwọ akụkọ anọ" ("sitere na Izvestia nke Kọmitii Executive Central Russia niile"). Edemede abụọ ahụ kpatara mmeghachi omume mkpọtụ na nkọwa doro anya. Gịnị mere Artоyat nanị akwụkwọ akụkọ na-edepụta onwe ha, dị ka ihe atụ: “M na-aga n'onwe m igbu òké, òké. Enwere nyocha. 25 afọ nke omume. " Ọ dị mfe iche n'echiche ọnọdụ ndị na-ege ntị zụlitere na mmụọ nke ọdịnala nke egwu ụlọ! N'ịbụ ndị kwekọrọ n'asụsụ egwú ọgbara ọhụrụ na dissonance ya mesiri ike, chromatic wanderings, okirikiri ahụ na-enwekwa ọganihu doro anya na ụdị ụda olu nke M. Mussorgsky, ruo kpọmkwem ihe atụ n'etiti "Ihe ngosi ụmụaka atọ" na "Ụmụaka"; "Mgbasa ozi akwụkwọ akụkọ" na "Seminarian, Rayk". Ọrụ ọzọ dị mkpa nke 20s. - Nke mbụ piano concerto (1926-27), nke akara mmalite nke ọhụrụ, mgbochi ihunanya echiche nke a genre na Soviet music.

Site na mmalite nke 30s. Oge nke "oké ifufe na mwakpo" na ọrụ Mosolov kwụsịrị: onye na-ede egwú na-agbaji na mberede na ụdị ochie ochie wee malite "ịkpọgharị" maka nke ọhụrụ, na-emegide nke mbụ. Mgbanwe nke ụdị onye na-egwu egwu dị oke egwu nke na, na-atụnyere ọrụ ya e dere tupu na mgbe mmalite 30s, ọ na-esiri ike ikwenye na ha niile bụ otu onye na-ede egwú. Stylistic modulation site n'ime ime; nke malitere na 30s, kpebisiri ike na ọrụ Mosolov na-esote. Gịnị kpatara mgbanwe okike a dị nkọ? A na-arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ site na nkatọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi sitere na RAPM, onye ọrụ ya bụ nke a na-eji eme ihe na-adịghị mma maka ihe ngosi nka (na 1925 Mosolov ghọrọ onye òtù ASM zuru oke). E nwekwara ebumnobi ihe mere evolushọn ngwa ngwa nke onye dere asụsụ: ọ kwekọrọ na Soviet nkà nke 30s. gravitation kwupụta idoanya na mfe.

N'afọ 1928-37. Mosolov na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-enyocha akụkọ akụkọ Central Asia, na-amụ ya n'oge njem ya, yana na-ezo aka na nchịkọta a ma ama nke V. Uspensky na V. Belyaev "Turkmen Music" (1928). O dere 3 iberibe maka piano "Turkmen Nights" (1928), Iberibe Abụọ na Uzbek Gburugburu (1929), nke stylistically ka na-ezo aka na gara aga, oge nnupụisi, na-achịkọta ya. Na na nke abụọ Concerto maka Piano na Orchestra (1932) na ka ndị ọzọ na Atọ Abụ maka Voice na Orchestra (30s), a ọhụrụ style na-ama nke ọma. N'ime afọ 20 ka e gosipụtara naanị ahụmahụ na ọrụ Mosolov nke ịmepụta nnukwu opera na isiokwu obodo na nke ọha - "Dam" (1929-30), - nke ọ raara nye onye nkụzi ya N. Myaskovsky. The libertto nke Y. Zadykhin dabeere na consonant ibé na oge nke ntụgharị nke 20-30s: ọ na-ekwu banyere owuwu nke a dam maka hydroelectric ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na otu n'ime ime obodo nta nke mba. Isiokwu nke opera dị nso na onye odee nke Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Asụsụ orchestral nke Plotina na-ekpughe nso nso a na ụdị nke ọrụ Symphonic Mosolov nke 20s. A na-ejikọta ụzọ okwu mbụ nke nkọcha grotesque ebe a na mbọ iji mepụta onyonyo dị mma na egwu na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke isiokwu ọha. Otú ọ dị, ọdịdị ya na-enwekarị nsogbu site na ụfọdụ schematism nke nkata nkata na ndị dike, n'ihi na ọdịdị nke Mosolov enwebeghị ahụmahụ zuru ezu, ebe ọ bụ na ọdịdị nke àgwà ọjọọ nke ụwa ochie ọ nwere ahụmahụ dị otú ahụ.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, e chekwara ntakịrị ihe ọmụma banyere ọrụ okike Mosolov mgbe e kere Dam. Na njedebe nke 1937, a kpagburu ya: a mara ya ikpe maka afọ 8 n'ogige ọrụ mmanye, ma na August 25, 1938 a tọhapụrụ ya. Na oge site na 1939 ruo na njedebe nke 40s. enwere nhazi ikpeazụ nke ụdị okike ọhụrụ nke onye dere ya. N'ime uri pụrụ iche nke Concerto for harp and orchestra (1939), a na-anọchi anya asụsụ akụkọ ifo site n'ihe ọmụmụ nke onye mbụ dere, nke a na-eji dị mfe nke asụsụ harmonic, melodicism. Na mmalite 40s. A na-eduzi mmasị okike Mosolov n'ọtụtụ ọwa, otu n'ime ha bụ opera. Ọ na-ede operas "Signal" (libre nke O. Litovsky) na "Masquerade" (mgbe M. Lermontov gasịrị). Emechara akara nke Signal ahụ n'October 14, 1941. Ya mere, opera ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na ụdị a (ma eleghị anya nke mbụ) nzaghachi na ihe omume nke Agha Patriotic Ukwu ahụ. Akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke ọrụ okike Mosolov nke afọ ndị a - egwu egwu egwu na ụlọ - jikọtara ya na isiokwu nke ịhụ mba n'anya. The isi genre nke choral music nke agha afọ - song - na-anọchi anya a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dere, n'etiti nke atọ ukwe so pianoforte na amaokwu nke Argo (A. Goldenberg), e dere na mmụọ nke uka dike songs, bụ. karịsịa na-akpali: "A song banyere Alexander Nevsky, a song banyere Kutuzov" na " Song banyere Suvorov. Ọrụ na-eduga na nhazi ụda olu nke ụlọ nke mmalite 40s. gwuo egwu ụdị egwu bọọlụ na abụ; a dị iche iche sphere bụ lyrical romance na, karịsịa, romance-elegy ("Three elegies on poems by Denis Davydov" - 1944, "Five poems by A. Blok" - 1946).

N'ime afọ ndị a, Mosolov ọzọ, mgbe ogologo ezumike gachara, tụgharịrị na ụdị egwu egwu. Symphony na E Major (1944) bụ akara mmalite nke nnukwu ihe nkiri egwu egwu 6, nke emepụtara n'ime oge karịrị afọ 20. Na ụdị a, onye na-ede egwú na-aga n'ihu n'ahịrị nke epic symphonism, nke o mepụtara na Russian, na mgbe ahụ na egwu Soviet nke 30s. Ụdị ụdị a, yana njikọ chiri anya na-enweghị atụ - njikọ dị n'etiti egwu egwu egwu, na-enye ikike ịkpọ egwu egwu 6 ahụ ihe ngosi n'ụzọ ọ bụla n'ụzọ ihe atụ.

Na 1949 Mosolov na-ekere òkè na njem akụkọ ifo na Krasnodar Territory, nke akara mmalite nke ọhụrụ, "folklore ife" na ọrụ ya. Suites maka otu egwu egwu nke Russian folk ngwá (Kubanskaya, wdg) pụtara. Onye na-ede egwú na-amụ akụkọ ifo nke Stavropol. N'ime afọ 60. Mosolov malitere ide maka ndị ukwe ukwe (gụnyere Northern Russia folk ukwe, edu nke onye na-agụ egwú nwunye, ndị mmadụ Artist nke USSR Y. Meshko). Ọ mara ngwa ngwa n'ụdị abụ ugwu, na-eme ndokwa. Ogologo ọrụ nke onye na-ede egwú na ndị na-agụ egwú nyere aka na-ede akwụkwọ "Folk Oratorio about GI Kotovsky" (Art. E. Bagritsky) maka ndị na-agụ egwú, ndị na-agụ egwú, ndị na-agụ egwú na ndị egwú (1969-70). N'ime ọrụ ikpeazụ a, Mosolov tụgharịrị gaa na ihe omume nke agha obodo na Ukraine (nke o so na ya), na-enye oratorio na ncheta nke ọchịagha ya. N'ime afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Mosolov mere sketị maka abụọ mejupụtara - nke atọ Piano Concerto (1971) na nke isii (n'ezie nke asatọ) Symphony. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ kpara echiche nke opera Gịnị Ka A Ga-eme? (dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ nke otu aha ahụ sitere na N. Chernyshevsky), nke a na-agaghị emeli ka ọ bụrụ eziokwu.

"Obi dị m ụtọ na ugbu a ọha mmadụ nwere mmasị na ihe nketa okike nke Mosolov, na a na-ebipụta ihe ncheta banyere ya. … echere m na ọ bụrụ na ihe a niile mere n'oge ndụ nke AV Mosolov, mgbe ahụ, ma eleghị anya, ndị na-atụgharị uche na ya dere ga-adị ogologo ndụ ya, ọ ga-anọkwa n'etiti anyị ruo ogologo oge, "dị ịrịba cellist A. Stogorsky dere banyere ya. onye na-ede egwú , onye Mosolov raara onwe ya nye "Elegiac Poem" maka cello and orchestra (1960).

N. Aleksenko