Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel |

Nadezhda Zabela-Vrubel

Nadezhda Ivanovna Zabela-Vrubel mụrụ na April 1, 1868 na ezinụlọ nke ochie Ukraine ezinụlọ. Nna ya, Ivan Petrovich, onye ọrụ obodo, nwere mmasị na eserese, egwu ma nyere aka na agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche nke ụmụ ya nwanyị - Catherine na Nadezhda. Site na afọ iri, Nadezhda gụrụ akwụkwọ na Kiev Institute for Noble Maidens, nke ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1883 na nnukwu ọlaọcha nrite.

Site na 1885 ruo 1891, Nadezhda gụrụ akwụkwọ na St. Petersburg Conservatory, na klas nke Prọfesọ NA Iretskaya. "Art chọrọ isi," Natalia Alexandrovna kwuru. Iji dozie okwu nke nnabata, ọ na-ege ndị na-aga ime n'ụlọ ntị mgbe niile, mara ha nke ọma.

Nke a bụ ihe LG na-ede. Barsova: “Ewubere palette niile nke agba na ụda olu na-enweghị atụ: ụda dị ọcha, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, na-aga n'ihu ma na-aga n'ihu. Nhazi nke ụda ahụ egbochighị nkwupụta nke ọnụ: "Consonants na-abụ abụ, ha adịghị akpọchi, ha na-abụ abụ!" Iretskaya kpaliri. O weere ikwu okwu ụgha dị ka ihe kacha njọ, a na-ewerekwa ịbụ abụ mmanye dị ka nnukwu ọdachi - ihe si na iku ume na-adịghị mma. Ihe ndị a chọrọ nke Iretskaya bụ ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ: "Ị ga-enwe ike ijide ume ka ị na-abụ abụ - na-eku ume ngwa ngwa, jide diaphragm gị mgbe ị na-abụ abụ, nwee mmetụta nke ịbụ abụ." Zabela mụtara nkuzi nke Iretskaya nke ọma…”

Na-ekere òkè na arụmọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ "Fidelio" site na Beethoven na February 9, 1891 dọọrọ mmasị ndị ọkachamara na-eto eto na-agụ egwú bụ onye rụrụ akụkụ nke Leonora. Ndị nyocha ahụ kwuru "ezigbo ụlọ akwụkwọ na nghọta egwu", "olu siri ike na nke a zụrụ nke ọma", na-akọwapụta enweghị "ikike ịnọ na ogbo".

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Conservatory, Nadezhda, na òkù nke AG Rubinstein na-eme njem nleta egwu na Germany. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-aga Paris - iji meziwanye M. Marchesi.

Ọrụ ogbo Zabela malitere na 1893 na Kyiv, na I.Ya. Setov. Na Kyiv, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke Nedda (Leoncavallo's Pagliacci), Elizabeth (Wagner's Tannhäuser), Mikaela (Bizet's Carmen), Mignon (Thomas' Mignon), Tatiana (Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin), Gorislava (Ruslan na Lyudmila), Gilinka" Ọgba aghara ("Nero" nke Rubinstein dere).

Ihe mara mma bụ ọrụ Marguerite (Gounod's Faust), otu n'ime ihe mgbagwoju anya na nke na-ekpughe na opera oge ochie. Na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile na ihe oyiyi Margarita, Zabela na-akọwa ya nke ọma na nke ọma. Nke a bụ otu n'ime nyocha Kyiv: “Ms. Zabela, onye anyị zutere na nke mbụ na nke a arụmọrụ, kere dị otú ahụ a uri ogbo image, ọ bụ nnọọ impeccably mma na olu okwu, na site na mbụ ya pụta na ogbo na nke abụọ omume na site na mbụ ma ndetu nke mmeghe ya. recitative, bụrụ abụ impeccably, ruo na ikpeazụ ọnọdụ n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ nke ikpeazụ omume, ọ kpamkpam weghaara anya na ọnọdụ nke ọha na eze.

Mgbe Kyiv gasịrị, Zabela rụrụ na Tiflis, ebe akwụkwọ akụkọ ya gụnyere ọrụ Gilda (Verdi's Rigoletto), Violetta (Verdi's La Traviata), Juliet (Gounod's Romeo na Juliet), Inea (Meyerbeer's Africa), Tamara (The Demon's Rubinstein). , Maria ("Mazepa" nke Tchaikovsky), Lisa ("Queen of Spades" nke Tchaikovsky).

Na 1896, Zabela rụrụ na St. Petersburg, na Panaevsky Theatre. N'otu n'ime mmegharị nke Humperdinck's Hansel na Gretel, Nadezhda Ivanovna zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu. Nke a bụ otú ya n’onwe ya si kwuo banyere ya: “O juru m anya na ọbụna akpata oyi n’ahụ́ na otu nwa amadị gbakwuru m, na-esusu aka m ọnụ, tie mkpu, sị: “Olu mara mma!” TS Lyubatovich mere ngwa ngwa iwebata m: "Onye na-ese ihe anyị bụ Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel" - wee sị m n'akụkụ: "Onye na-agbasawanye ihe, ma mara mma."

Mgbe mmalite nke Hansel na Gretel gasịrị, Zabela kpọbatara Vrubel n'ụlọ Ge, ebe o biri. Nwanne ya nwanyị "chọpụtara na Nadia bụ onye ntorobịa na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa, wee chọpụta na nke a bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ ịhụnanya nke Vrubel a gbara ya gburugburu." Vrubel mechara kwuo na "ọ bụrụ na ọ jụrụ ya, ọ gaara egbu onwe ya."

Na July 28, 1896, agbamakwụkwọ nke Zabela na Vrubel mere na Switzerland. Nwoke ahụ lụrụ ọhụrụ nwere obi ụtọ degaara nwanne ya nwanyị, sị: “Na Mikh[ail Alexandrovich], ana m ahụ àgwà ọma ọhụrụ kwa ụbọchị; Nke mbụ, ọ na-adị nwayọọ ma dị obiọma, na-emetụ ya n'ahụ, e wezụga nke ahụ, m na-enwe ntụrụndụ mgbe niile ma dị mfe na ya. Ekwenyere m n'ezie na ikike ya banyere ịbụ abụ, ọ ga-abara m uru nke ukwuu, ọ dịkwa m ka m ga-enwe ike imetụta ya.

Dị ka onye kacha hụ n'anya, Zabela wepụtara ọrụ Tatyana na Eugene Onegin. Ọ bụrụ abụ na nke mbụ na Kyiv, na Tiflis, ọ họọrọ akụkụ a maka ọrụ uru ya, na Kharkov maka mpụta mbụ ya. M. Dulova, bụ onye na-eto eto n'oge ahụ, kwuru banyere ọdịdị mbụ ya na ogbo nke Kharkov Opera Theatre na September 18, 1896 na ncheta ya: "Nadezhda Ivanovna nwere mmetụta dị mma n'ahụ onye ọ bụla: na ọdịdị ya, ejiji, àgwà ya ... ibu ibu. Tatyana - Zabela. Nadezhda Ivanovna mara mma nke ukwuu na nkecha. Ejije "Onegin" mara mma. Talent ya toro na Mamontov Theatre, ebe ọ kpọrọ Savva Ivanovich n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1897 na di ya. N'oge na-adịghị, e nwere nzukọ ya na music nke Rimsky-Korsakov.

Maka oge mbụ Rimsky-Korsakov nụrụ onye ọbụ abụ na December 30, 1897 na akụkụ nke Volkhova na Sadko. "Ị nwere ike iche n'echiche otú m nwere nchegbu, na-ekwu okwu n'ihu onye edemede na egwuregwu siri ike," Zabela kwuru. Otú ọ dị, egwu tụgharịrị bụrụ ikwubiga okwu ókè. Mgbe foto nke abụọ gasịrị, ezutere m Nikolai Andreevich ma nweta nkwenye zuru oke n'aka ya.

Ihe oyiyi nke Volkhov kwekọrọ na àgwà nke onye na-ese ihe. Ossovsky dere, sị: "Mgbe ọ na-abụ abụ, ọ dị ka ọhụụ na-enweghị isi na-atụgharị ma na-ekpochapụ n'ihu gị, dị nwayọọ na ... ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere ... Mgbe ha ga-enweta iru újú, ọ bụghị iru újú, kama ọsụ ude miri emi, na-enweghị ntamu na olileanya."

Rimsky-Korsakov n'onwe ya, mgbe Sadko gasịrị, na-edegara onye na-ese ihe akwụkwọ, sị: "N'ezie, ị si otú ahụ mee nnukwu osimiri Princess, na ị kere ihe oyiyi ya na-abụ abụ na na ogbo, nke ga-anọgide na-anọnyere gị ruo mgbe ebighị ebi n'echiche m ..."

N'oge na-adịghị Zabela-Vrubel malitere na-akpọ "Korsakov agụ egwú". Ọ ghọrọ onye protagonist na mmepụta nke masterpieces nke Rimsky-Korsakov dị ka nwanyị Pskovite, May Night, Snow Maiden, Mozart na Salieri, The Tsar's Bride, Vera Sheloga, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, "Koschei the Deathless".

Rimsky-Korsakov ezoghị mmekọrịta ya na onye na-agụ egwú. Banyere The Maid of Pskov, o kwuru, sị: “N’ozuzu, ana m ewere Olga dị ka ọrụ kasị mma ị na-arụ, ọ bụrụgodị na Chaliapin n’onwe ya nọ n’ọgbọ egwuregwu enwetaghị m ihe iri ngo.” N'akụkụ nke Snow Maiden, Zabela-Vrubel nwetakwara otuto kachasị elu nke onye edemede ahụ: "Ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe m nụrụ ụdị abụ Snow Maiden dị ka Nadezhda Ivanovna mbụ."

Rimsky-Korsakov dere ozugbo ụfọdụ n'ime ya romances na operatic ọrụ dabeere na nkà ohere Zabela-Vrubel. Ebe a ọ dị mkpa ịkpọ Vera ("Boyarina Vera Sheloga"), na Swan Princess ("Akụkọ nke Tsar Saltan") na Princess hụrụ n'anya Mma ("Koschei anwụ anwụ"), na, n'ezie, Marfa, na. "Nwunye nke Tsar".

Na October 22, 1899, The Tsar's Bride malitere. N'egwuregwu a, njirimara kachasị mma nke talent Zabela-Vrubel pụtara. Ka a sịkwa ihe mere ndị dịkọrọ ndụ na-akpọ ya onye ọbụ abụ nke mkpụrụ obi nwanyị, nrọ nwanyị dị jụụ, ịhụnanya na mwute. Na n'otu oge ahụ, ịdị ọcha kristal nke injinia ụda, nghọta kristal nke timbre, ịdị nro pụrụ iche nke cantilena.

Onye nkatọ I. Lipaev dere, sị: “Ms. Zabela wee bụrụ Marfa mara mma, juputara na mmegharị dị nwayọọ, ịdị umeala n'obi dị ka nduru, na n'olu ya, na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ekwupụta, ọ bụghị ihere site n'ịdị elu nke nnọkọ ahụ, ihe niile na-adọrọ mmasị na egwu na ịma mma ... Zabela enweghị atụ na ihe nkiri. Dunyasha, ya na Lykov, ebe ihe niile o nwere bụ ịhụnanya na olileanya maka ọdịnihu rosy, na ọbụna ihe dị mma na omume ikpeazụ, mgbe potion emeworị ihe ọjọọ na-egbu egbu na akụkọ banyere ogbugbu nke Lykov na-eme ka ọ dị njọ. Na n'ozuzu, Marfa chọtara onye na-ese ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe na onye Zabela.

Nzaghachi sitere n'aka onye nkatọ ọzọ, Kashkin: “Zabela na-abụ abụ aria [Martha] nke ọma n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya. Ọnụọgụ a chọrọ ụzọ ụda olu pụrụ iche, ọ naghịkwa esiri ọtụtụ ndị na-abụ abụ nwere ọmarịcha mezza voche na ndekọ kachasị elu dị ka Zabela flaunts. O siri ike iche n'echiche aria bụrụ abụ nke ọma. Zabela mere ihe nkiri ahụ na aria nke Martha ara ahụ n'ụzọ na-emetụ n'ahụ na uri na-enweghị atụ, na-enwe oke oke. Engel tokwara egwu na egwu Zabela: “Marfa [Zabela] mara mma nke ukwuu, lee ka mmetụta ịhụnanya na mmetụ ahụ si dị n'olu ya na n'ihe ngosi egwuregwu ya! N'ozuzu, ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ịga nke ọma maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri; ọ na-etinye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ ahụ dum n'ụdị mezza voche, ọbụna na ndetu dị elu, nke na-enye Marfa na halo nke ịdị nwayọọ, ịdị umeala n'obi na arụkwaghịm na akara aka, nke, m na-eche, a dọọrọ na onye na-ede uri echiche.

Zabela-Vrubel n'ọrụ nke Martha nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ahụ OL Knipper, bụ́ onye degaara Chekhov akwụkwọ, sị: “Ụnyaahụ m nọ na opera, egere m Nwunye Tsar ntị nke ugboro abụọ. Lee egwu magburu onwe ya, nke dị aghụghọ na nke mara mma! Na ka Marfa Zabela si na-abụ abụ ma na-egwuri egwu. M bere ákwá nke ọma na ikpeazụ omume - o metụrụ m. Ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na ọ na-eduga naanị ebe a na-agba ara, olu ya doro anya, dị elu, dị nro, ọ bụghị otu ụda olu, na cradles. Oyiyi dum nke Martha juputara na ịdị nro, lyricism, ịdị ọcha - ọ naghị apụ n'isi m. ”

N'ezie, ọ bụghị nanị n'egwú nke onye edemede nke Tsar's Bride na-agụ egwú Zabela. Ọ bụ ezigbo Antonida na Ivan Susanin, ọ na-abụ abụ Iolanta nke ukwuu na opera Tchaikovsky nke otu aha ahụ, ọ gara nke ọma n'onyinyo Mimi na Puccini's La Boheme. Ma, ndị inyom Russia nke Rimsky-Korsakov kpalitere nzaghachi kasịnụ na mkpụrụ obi ya. Ọ bụ ihe e ji mara na ịhụnanya ịhụnanya ya mekwara ka ndabere nke Zabela-Vrubel's chamber repertoire.

N'ọnọdụ kachasị mwute nke onye na-agụ egwú, e nwere ihe sitere na heroines Rimsky-Korsakov. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1901, Nadezhda Ivanovna mụrụ nwa nwoke, Savva. Ma afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọ dara ọrịa wee nwụọ. Ihe gbakwunyere na nke a bụ ọrịa uche nke di ya. Vrubel nwụrụ n'April 1910. Na ọrụ okike ya n'onwe ya, ma ọ dịkarịa ala ihe nkiri, dị mkpụmkpụ na-ezighi ezi. Mgbe afọ ise nke amamiihe ngosi na ogbo nke Moscow Private Opera, site na 1904 ruo 1911 Zabela-Vrubel jere ozi na Mariinsky Ụlọ ihe nkiri.

Ụlọ ihe nkiri Mariinsky nwere ọkwa ọkachamara dị elu, ma ọ nweghị ikuku nke ememe na ịhụnanya nke chịrị na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Mamontov. MF Gnesin dere n'iwe n'obi, sị: “Mgbe m gara n'ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri dị na Sadko na nsonye ya, ọ bụghị na o were m iwe n'ihi na ọ naghị ahụ ya anya n'ihe nkiri ahụ. Ọdịdị ya na egwu ya ka na-ama m mma, ma, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ, ọ bụ, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, agba mmiri dị nro na nke na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-echetara naanị foto e ji agba mmanụ mee. Na mgbakwunye, gburugburu ogbo ya enweghị uri. A na-ahụ nkụ nke dị na mmepụta na ụlọ ihe nkiri steeti n'ihe niile.

Na ogbo nke eze ukwu, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ nwere ohere ime akụkụ nke Fevronia na Rimsky-Korsakov opera The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh. Ndị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ na-ekwu na n'egwuregwu egwu, akụkụ a dara ya mma.

Ma mgbede ụlọ nke Zabela-Vrubel gara n'ihu na-adọta uche nke ezigbo ndị ọkachamara. Egwu ikpeazụ ya mere na June 1913, na July 4, 1913, Nadezhda Ivanovna nwụrụ.