Vibrato, ịma jijiji |

VIBRATO, ịma jijiji (Vabrato Italian, Latin vibratio - ịma jijiji).

1) nnabata nke arụmọrụ na eriri. ngwá ọrụ (na olu); otu ịma jijiji nke mkpịsị aka aka ekpe na eriri nke ejiri ya pịa ya, na-eme ka oge. mgbanwe n'ime obere oke nke pitch, olu na timbre nke ụda. V. na-enye ụda agba pụrụ iche, ụda olu ụtọ, na-abawanye nkwupụta ha, yana dynamism, karịsịa n'ọnọdụ dị elu. ogige. Ụdị nke V. na ụzọ eji eme ihe na-ekpebi onye ọ bụla. ụdị nkọwa na nka. agwa onye na-eme ihe. Ọnụọgụ nkịtị nke ịma jijiji nke V. bụ ihe ruru. 6 kwa nkeji. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ịma jijiji, a na-anụ ụda ma ọ bụ ịma jijiji nke ụda, na-emepụta ihe mgbochi. echiche. Okwu ahụ bụ "V" pụtara na narị afọ nke 19, ma ndị lutenists na ndị na-egwu gambo ji usoro a malite na narị afọ nke 16 na 17. Na methodical Akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke oge ahụ na-enye nkọwa nke ụzọ abụọ nke igwu egwu V.: na otu mkpịsị aka (dị ka ọ na-arụ n'oge a) na abụọ, mgbe otu na-agbanye eriri ahụ, nke ọzọ na-emetụ ya ngwa ngwa. Aha ochie. ụzọ mbụ - French. verre cassé, bekee. sting (maka lute), fr. langueur, plainte (maka viola da gamba); nke abụọ bụ French. battement, pincé, flat-tement, mgbe e mesịrị - ire ​​ụtọ, itule, ịma jijiji, ịma jijiji serré; English nso ịma jijiji; ital. tremolo, ondeggiamento; Na ya. asụsụ aha niile ụdị V. - Bebung. Ebe ọ bụ na nka solo lute na viola da gamba dara ada. Ejikọrọ ngwa V. site na hl. arr. jiri ngwá egwú nke ezinụlọ violin. Otu n'ime okwu mbụ banyere violin. V. dị na “Universal Harmony” (“Harmonie universele…”, 1636) nke M. Mersenne dere. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ochie nke violin na-egwu egwu na narị afọ nke 18. weere V. naanị dị ka ụdị ọla ma kwuo na usoro a bụ ihe ịchọ mma. J. Tartini na Treatise on Ornamentation (Trattato delle appogiatura, ca. 1723, ed. 1782) na-akpọ V. "tremolo" ma na-ewere ya dị ka ụdị nke a na-akpọ. omume egwuregwu. Eji ya, yana ihe ịchọ mma ndị ọzọ (trill, amara amara, wdg), anabatara n'ọnọdụ "mgbe agụụ chọrọ ya." Dị ka Tartini na L. Mozart si kwuo ("ahụmahụ nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Violin siri ike" - "Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule", 1756), B. ga-ekwe omume na cantilena, na ogologo oge, ụda na-adịgide adịgide, karịsịa na "okwu egwu ikpeazụ". Na mezza voce - nṅomi nke olu mmadụ - V., kama nke ahụ, "e kwesịghị iji ya mee ihe." V. dị iche n'otu n'otu dị nwayọ, n'otu n'otu ngwa ngwa na nke nta nke nta na-eme ngwa ngwa, nke egosipụtara site na ahịrị wavy dị n'elu ndetu:

Na oge nke romanticism, V. site na "ịchọ mma" na-aghọ ụzọ egwu. ikwupụta okwu, na-aghọ otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa nke nkà ime violin. The zuru ebe nile ojiji nke violin, butere site N. Paganini, ndammana sochiri si coloristic nkọwa nke violin site Romantics. Na narị afọ nke 19, na ntọhapụ nke egwu egwu na ogbo nke nnukwu conc. Ụlọ Nzukọ, V. na-etinye aka na omume nke egwuregwu ahụ. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ọbụna L. Spohr na ya "Violin School" ("Violinschule", 1831) na-enye gị ohere ịrụ V. naanị akụkụ. na-ada, to-rye ọ na-eji ahịrị wavy akara. Tinyere ụdị ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, Spohr jikwa nwayọọ nwayọọ V.

A na-ejikọta mgbasawanye ọzọ nke iji V. na arụmọrụ nke E. Isai na, karịsịa, F. Kreisler. Gbalịsie ike maka mmetụta uche. saturation na dynamism nke arụmọrụ, na iji V. dị ka usoro nke usoro "abụ" usoro, Kreisler webatara vibration mgbe ọ na-egwu ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na na detach strok (nke ụlọ akwụkwọ oge gboo machibidoro).

Nke a nyere aka imeri "etude", nkụ nke ụda nke akụkụ ndị dị otú ahụ. Nyocha nke violin V. dec. umu na nka ya. K. Flesh nyere ngwa ngwa n'ọrụ ya "The Art of Playing the Violin" ("Die Kunst des Violinspiels", Bd 1-2, 1923-28).

2) Usoro nke ịrụ ọrụ na clavichord, nke ejiri ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke narị afọ nke 18; “ịchọ mma” nke nkwuwapụta, dị ka V. ma kpọọkwa Bebung.

Site n'enyemaka nke mmegharị oscillatory vetikal nke mkpịsị aka na igodo ewedatara, ekele nke tangent nọgidere na-ejikọta ya na eriri mgbe niile, e mepụtara mmetụta nke mgbanwe ụda na ụda olu. Ọ dị mkpa iji usoro a na ụda na-adịgide adịgide, emetụtara (FE Bach, 1753) na, karịsịa, n'egwuregwu nke mwute, àgwà mwute (DG Türk, 1786). Ihe ndetu kwuru:

3) Ịnabata arụmọrụ na ụfọdụ ngwa ikuku; ntakịrị oghere na mmechi nke valvụ, jikọtara ya na mgbanwe nke ike iku ume, na-emepụta mmetụta nke V. Ọ ghọọla ebe niile n'etiti ndị na-eme jazz.

4) N'ịbụ abụ - ụdị ịma jijiji pụrụ iche nke ụda olu onye na-agụ egwú. Dabere na wok eke. V. na-ada ngbanwe nke ụdọ olu. "Akụkụ" nke na-ebilite n'ihi nke a na-eme ka olu na-akụgharị oge ụfọdụ, "ma jijiji". Ogo nke olu onye na-agụ egwú - timbre ya, ọkụ ọkụ, na nkwupụta ya - ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu na-adabere na ihe onwunwe nke V. Ụdị nke ịbụ abụ V. adịghị agbanwe site n'oge mgbanwe, na naanị n'oge agadi V. mgbe ụfọdụ. na-agafe n'ime ihe a na-akpọ. ịma jijiji (ịma jijiji) nke olu, nke na-eme ka ọ dị njọ. Ịma jijiji pụkwara ịbụ ihe si na wok ọjọọ pụta. ụlọ akwụkwọ.

References: Kazansky VS na Rzhevsky SN, Ọmụmụ nke timbre nke ụda olu na ngwa egwu ehulata, "Journal of Applied Physics", 1928, vol. 5, mbipụta 1; Rabinovich AV, usoro Oscillographic nke nyocha egwu egwu, M., 1932; Struve BA, Vibration dị ka nka na-arụ ọrụ nke ịkpọ ngwá egwu ehulata, L., 1933; Garbuzov HA, Mpaghara mpaghara nke ịnụ ntị, M. - L., 1948; Agarkov OM, Vibrato dị ka ụzọ egwu egwu na-akpọ violin, M., 1956; Pars Yu., Vibrato na nghọta pitch, na: Ngwa nke usoro nyocha nke ụda na nkà mmụta egwu, M., 1964; Mirsenne M., Harmonie universelle…, v. 1-2, P., 1636, facsimile, v. 1-3, P., 1963; Rau F., Das Vibrato auf der Violine…, Lpz., 1922; Seashore, SE, The vibrato, Iowa, 1932 (Mahadum nke Iowa. Studies in the psychology of music, v. 1); ya, Psychology of the vibrato na olu na ngwa, Iowa, 1936 (otu usoro, v. 3).

IM Yampolsky