Ụda akụkụ |
Agbakwunyere ndetu French, nem. Zusatzton, Zusatzton
Ụda ụda nke na-abụghị nke (agbakwunyere na) ntọala nhazi ya. Na nkọwa ọzọ, P.t. bụ “ụda na-abụghị ụdọ (ya bụ, anaghị etinye ya n'ụdị tertian nke ụdọ), nke na-enweta ihe kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ n'ime nkwenye dị ka ihe mejupụtara ya” (Yu. N. Tyulin); Enwere ike ijikọta nkọwa abụọ ahụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, P.t. A na-ekwu maka ụda olu na-adịghị etinye n'ime nhazi tertian nke ụdọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nke isii na D7). A na-eme ihe dị iche n'etiti ihe nnochi anya (ewere kama ọ bụ chordal jikọtara ya) na ịbanye (ewere ya na ya).
F. Chopin. Mazurka op. 17 nke 4.
PI Tchaikovsky. 6th Symphony, ije IV.
P.t. ga-ekwe omume n'ihe metụtara ọ bụghị naanị na kọlụm nke atọ, kamakwa maka ụdọ nke usoro dị iche, yana polychords:
Mgbakwunye nke ụda P. (karịsịa abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ P. ụda) na-edugakarị na mgbanwe nke ụda n'ime polychord. P.t. mepụta ihe dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ nke akụkụ atọ na nhazi nke ụdọ: 1) isi. ụda ("mgbọrọgwụ" nke ụdọ), 2) ụda ndị ọzọ nke isi. ihe owuwu (ya na isi ụda "isi" nke ụdọ) na 3) ụda nke abụọ (n'ihe metụtara P. t., "isi" na-arụ ọrụ yiri "isi ụda" nke usoro dị elu). Ya mere, enwere ike ichekwa mmekọrịta arụ ọrụ kachasị mfe ọbụlagodi na ejiri ụda dissonant polyphonic:
SS Prokofiev. "Romeo na Juliet" (iberibe 10 maka fp. op. 75, Mba 5, "Masks").
Dị ka a onu nke harmonic echiche P. t. nwere njikọ chiri anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke dissonance. Edobere nke asaa na eriri (D7) dị ka ụdị ụda na-agafe agafe "frozen". Kinetics nke dissonance chord bụ ihe ncheta nke mmalite ya, nke ọdịdị "akụkụ-akụkụ" ya. Crystallized na narị afọ 17-18. tertsovye chords (ma consonant na dissonant) ka edobere, agbanyeghị, dị ka consonances normative. N'ihi ya, P.t. ekwesịghị iche na ụdị egwu dị ka V7 ma ọ bụ II6 / 5, kama na consonances dị mgbagwoju anya (gụnyere consonances, ụda nke nwere ike ịhazi na ụzọ atọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, "tonic na nke isii"). P.t. metụtara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na acciaccatura, usoro ime ihe nke narị afọ nke 17 na nke 18. (ya na D. Scarlatti, L. Couperin, JS Bach). P.t. nwetara ụfọdụ nkesa na nkwekọ nke narị afọ nke 19. (mmetụta nke tonic na nke isii na isiokwu nke abụọ nke ikpeazụ nke Beethoven's 27th sonata maka piano, "Chopin's" na-achị na nke isii, wdg). P.t. ghọrọ ngwá ọrụ normative na nkwekọ nke narị afọ nke 20. Aghọtara na mbụ dị ka “ihe ndetu ọzọ” (VG Karatygin), ntụgharị dị ka ụda na-abụghị ụda “rapaara” n'ụda, P.t. udi, hà nhata n'ụdị nke ụda olu na ndị na-abụghị ụda.
Dị ka a theoretical echiche nke P. t. laghachi n'echiche nke u1bu1bthe "agbakwunyere nke isii" (isi isii ajoutée) nke JP Rameau (na nsochi f2 a2 c1 d1 - c2 g2 c1 e1 isi ụda nke 1st chord bụ f, ọ bụghị d, nke bụ. a PT, dissonance agbakwunyere na triad f2 a4 cXNUMX). X. Riemann tụlere P.t. (Zusdtze) otu n'ime ụzọ XNUMX nke ịmepụta ụda na-adịghị mma (tinyere ụda ndị na-abụghị ụda na ụda dị arọ na nke dị mfe, yana mgbanwe). O. Messiaen nyere P.t. ụdị mgbagwoju anya. GL Catuar na-akọwapụta okwu ahụ “P. t." ụda na-abụghị ụda, ma na-atụle kpọmkwem "nchikota harmonic nke kpụrụ n'akụkụ ụda". Yu. N. Tyulin na-enye P.t. nkọwa yiri nke ahụ, na-ekewa ha ka ọ bụrụ nnọchi ma gbanye mgbọrọgwụ.
References: Karatygin VG, onye egwu egwu. (Na mmepụta nke Debussy's Peléas et Melisande), Okwu, 1915, Mba 290; Catuar GL, Usoro nkwekọrịta nke nkwekọrịta, akụkụ 2, M., 1925; Tyulin Yu. N., Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke nkwekọrịta, akụkụ 2, M., 1959; nke ya, Nkwekọrịta ọgbara ọhụrụ na mmalite akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, na nchịkọta: Ajụjụ nke Music Contemporary, L., 1963, otu ahụ, na nchịkọta: Theoretical Problems of Music of the 1th Century, vol. 1967, M., 2; Rashinyan ZR, Textbook of harmony, book. 1966, Er., 1 (na Armenian); Kiseleva E., ỤWA nke abụọ na nkwekọrịta Prokofiev, na: Nsogbu usoro egwu egwu nke narị afọ 1967, vol. 4, M., 1973; Rivano NG, Onye na-agụ n'usoro, akụkụ 8, M., 18, ch. asatọ; Gulyanitskaya NS, Nsogbu nke ụdọ na nkwekọ nke oge a: banyere ụfọdụ Anglo-American echiche, na: Ajụjụ nke Musicology, Proceedings of State. Egwu na Pedagogical Institute. Gnesins, mba. 1976, Moscow, 1887; Riemann H., Handbuch der Harmonielehre, Lpz., 1929, 20; Carner M., Ọmụmụ nke nkwekọrịta narị afọ nke 1942, L., (1944); Messiaen O., Teknique de mon langage egwu. P., (1951); Oge R., Omume Harmonic, NY, (1961); Rerschetti V., nkwekọ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ NY, (1966); Ulehla L., Nkwekọrịta nke oge a. Romanticism site na ahịrị iri na abụọ, NY-L., (XNUMX).
Yu. H. Kholopov
