Boris Asafyev |

Boris Asafiev

Ndị mmadụ Artist nke USSR (1946). Ọka mmụta (1943). Na 1908 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University, na 1910 - St. Petersburg Conservatory, klas nke mejupụtara AK Lyadov. Nkwurịta okwu na VV Stasov, AM Gorky, IE Repin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Glazunov, FI Chaliapin nwere mmetụta bara uru na nhazi nke echiche ụwa ya. Ebe ọ bụ na 1910 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye so na Mariinsky Theatre, nke bụ mmalite nke mmekọrịta chiri anya ya na ihe nkiri egwú Russia. Na 1910-11 Asafiev dere mbụ ballets - "Onyinye nke Fairy" na "White Lily". Ọ pụtara mgbe ụfọdụ na mbipụta. Site na 1914, a na-ebipụta ya mgbe niile na magazin "Music".

Ihe omume Sayensị-akwụkwọ akụkọ na egwu-ọha Asafiev nwetara ohere pụrụ iche mgbe Great October Socialist Revolution gasịrị. O jikọrọ aka na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ (Life of Art, Vechernyaya Krasnaya Gazeta, wdg), na-aza ajụjụ dị iche iche sitere na muses. ndụ, na-ekere òkè n'ọrụ muses. t-olulu, egwu egwu na mkpochapụ omenala. Ụlọ ọrụ dị na Petrograd. Ebe ọ bụ na 1919 Asafiev e jikọtara ya na Bolshoi Drama. t-rum, dere egwu maka ọtụtụ ihe omume ya. Na 1919-30 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Institute of History of Art (ebe ọ bụ na 1920 ọ bụ onye isi nke udi nke music akụkọ ihe mere eme). Ebe ọ bụ na 1925 Prọfesọ Leningrad. ụlọ nchekwa. 1920s - otu n'ime oge sayensị kacha amị mkpụrụ. Ọrụ Asafiev. N'oge a, e kere ọtụtụ. ya kacha mkpa. na-arụ ọrụ - "Symphonic Etudes", "Leta na Russian Opera na Ballet", "Russian Music site na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19", "Ụdị egwu dị ka usoro" (akụkụ 1), cycles nke monographs na nyocha ọmụmụ, raara nye. ọrụ nke MI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, PI Tchaikovsky, AK Glazunov, Ọ BỤRỤ na Stravinsky na ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. akụkọ dị oke egwu gbasara oge a. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ Soviet na ndị mba ọzọ, na okwu nke aesthetics, egwu. agụmakwụkwọ na nghọta. N'ime afọ 30. Asafiev nyere Ch. egwu anya. creativity, karịsịa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ọhịa ballet. Na 1941-43, na nnọchibidoro Leningrad, Asafiev dere ọtụtụ okirikiri ọrụ - "Echiche na Echiche" (bipụtara na akụkụ). N'afọ 1943, Asafiev kwagara Moscow ma buru isi ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na Moscow. Conservatory, durukwa ngalaba egwu na Institute of the History of Art na USSR Academy of Sciences. Na 1948, na First All-Union Congress of Composers, a họpụtara ya tupu. CK USSR. Stalin Prizes na 1943 maka ọtụtụ afọ nke rụzuru pụtara ìhè na ngalaba nka na 1948 maka akwụkwọ Glinka.

Asafiev nyere onyinye pụtara ìhè n'ọtụtụ alaka nke tiori na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu. Na nnukwu egwu. na nka izugbe. mmụta, ihe ọmụma miri emi nke humanities, ọ na-atụle mgbe niile muses. phenomena na a sara mbara ọha mmadụ na omenala ndabere, na njikọ ha na mmekọrịta na akụkụ nile nke ndụ ime mmụọ. Asafiev na-egbuke egbuke nkà na-ede akwụkwọ nyeere ya aka imeghachi echiche nke muses. prod. n'ụdị ndụ na ihe atụ; N'ime ọrụ Asafiev, a na-ejikọtakarị ihe nyocha ahụ na nleba anya dị ndụ nke onye memoirist. Otu n'ime isi. mmasị Asafiev sayensị bụ Russian. music kpochapụwo, na-enyocha na-ruyu Asafiev kpughere ya pụta ụwa mba, humanism, eziokwu, elu ụkpụrụ omume pathos. Na ọrụ ndị a raara nye egwu na egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ihe nketa, Asafiev mere ọ bụghị naanị dị ka onye nchọpụta, kamakwa dị ka onye mgbasa ozi. Njirimara n'echiche a bụ aha nke otu n'ime ọrụ Asafiev - "Site n'oge gara aga ruo n'ọdịnihu." Asafiev kwuru okwu nke ọma na ịgbachitere ihe ọhụrụ na imepụta ihe na egwu. ndu. Na tupu mgbanwe afọ, Asafiev bụ (yana VG Karatygin na N. Ya. Myaskovsky) otu n'ime ndị mbụ nkatọ na-agbasa echiche nke ọrụ SS na-eto eto Prokofiev. N'ime afọ 20. Asafiev tinyere ọtụtụ akụkọ maka ọrụ A. Berg, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck na ndị ọzọ. ndị na-ede egwú si mba ọzọ. N'ime Akwụkwọ nke Stravinsky, a na-ekpughere ụfọdụ njiri mara nke ọma. usoro e ji mara egwu nke mmalite narị afọ nke 20. N'ime akụkọ Asafiev bụ " Nsogbu nke imepụta ihe onwe onye " na "Ndị na-ede egwú, ngwa ngwa!" (1924) e nwere oku maka ndị na-egwu egwu jikọọ na ndụ, ịbịakwute onye na-ege ntị. Mn. Asafiev ṅa ntị na okwu nke egwu egwu. ndu, nar. okike. Ka ihe atụ kacha mma nke ikwiikwii. ndị nkatọ egwu nwere akụkọ ya na N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich, AI Khachaturian, V. Ya. Shebalin.

Nkà ihe ọmụma na aesthetic. na theoretical Asafiev si echiche emeela ihe ịrịba ama. evolushọn. N'oge mmalite nke ọrụ ya, e ji ezigbo echiche mara ya. usoro. Ịgbalị maka nghọta siri ike nke egwu, imeri nkwenkwe ụgha. nkuzi egwu . ụdị, ọ na mbụ dabere na nkà ihe ọmụma nke A. Bergson, agbaziri, akpan akpan, ya echiche nke "ndụ mkpali". Na nguzobe nke musical-theoretical. Echiche Asafiev nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ike. Ozizi E. Kurt. Ọmụmụ nke ọrụ nke oge ochie nke Marxism-Leninism (site na ọkara nke abụọ nke 2s) kwadoro Asafiev na ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya. ọnọdụ. Nsonaazụ nke nyocha Asafiev nke usoro iwu bụ imepụta tiori of intonation, nke ya n'onwe ya weere dị ka nkwupụta nke na-enyere aka ịchọta “isi ihe na-egosi n'ezie ihe ziri ezi nke nkà egwu dị ka ezigbo ngosipụta nke eziokwu.” N'ịkọwa egwu dị ka "nkà nke inned pụtara", Asafiev lere innation anya dị ka ihe bụ isi. ụdị "ngosipụta echiche" na egwu. Echiche nke symphonism dị ka usoro nka, nke Asafiev gosipụtara, nwetara ihe dị mkpa usoro ihe ọmụmụ. generalizations na egwu dabere na ike. nghọta nke eziokwu na mmepe ya, esemokwu na mgba nke ụkpụrụ na-emegiderịta onwe ya. Asafiev bụ onye nọchiri na onye nọchiri anya ndị nnọchi anya ndị Russia kacha mara amara. echiche oge gboo banyere egwu - VF Odoevsky, AN Serov, VV Stasov. N'otu oge ahụ, ọrụ ya na-egosi ọkwa ọhụrụ na mmepe nke muses. sayensị. A. - onye nchoputa nke ikwiikwii. egwu egwu. A na-emepụta echiche ya nke ọma na ọrụ ndị Soviet, yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. ndị ọkà mmụta egwu si mba ọzọ.

Ọrụ edemede Asafiev gụnyere 28 ballet, operas 11, symphonies 4, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke romances na ngwa ụlọ. mmepụta, egwu ruo ọtụtụ ihe ngosi dị egwu. Ọ dechara ma rụọ ọrụ opera Khovanshchina site n'aka MP Mussorgsky dị ka ihe odide nke onye edemede si kwuo, ma mee mbipụta ọhụrụ. Serov opera "Enemy Force"

Asafiev nyere onyinye bara uru maka mmepe ballet. Site n'ọrụ ya, ọ gbasaa omenala. okirikiri oyiyi nke ụdị a. O dere ballets dabere na nkata AS Pushkin - Isi iyi nke Bakhchisarai (1934, Leningrad Opera na Ballet Theater), Onye mkpọrọ nke Caucasus (1938, Leningrad, Maly Opera Theatre), Nwanyị Na-eto Eto-Peasant Woman (1946, Big Theater). tr.), wdg; NV Gogol - Abali Tupu ekeresimesi (1938, Leningrad Opera na Ballet Theatre); M. Yu. Lermontov - "Ashik-Kerib" (1940, Leningrad. Obere Opera House); M. Gorky - "Radda na Loiko" (1938, Moscow, Central Park nke omenala na ntụrụndụ); O. Balzac - "Echere efu" (1935, Leningrad Opera na Ballet Theatre); Dante - "Francesca da Rimini" (1947, Moscow Musical Tr aha ya bụ KS Stanislavsky na VI Nemirovich-Danchenko). Na ọrụ ballet Asafiev gosipụtara na dike nke Agha Obodo - "Ụbọchị Partisan" (1937, Leningrad Opera na Ballet Theatre) gosipụtara ma tọhapụ ya. ọgụ nke ndị mmadụ megide fasizim - "Militsa" (1947, ibid.). N'ọtụtụ ballet, Asafiev chọrọ ịmegharị "ikuku ikuku" nke oge ahụ. Na ballet The Flames of Paris (1932, ibid.), Asafiev ji abụ olu ụtọ sitere n'oge French Revolution na-arụ ọrụ site n'aka ndị na-ede egwú nke oge ahụ ma "na-arụ ọrụ a ọ bụghị nanị dị ka onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-ede egwú, kamakwa dị ka onye na-agụ egwú. , ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na theorist, na dị ka onye edemede, na-enweghị atụpụrụ ụzọ nke oge a akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ akụkọ. Asafiev jiri usoro yiri ya mee ihe mgbe ọ na-eke opera The Treasurer dabere na nkata M. Yu. Lermontov (1937, Leningrad Pakhomov Sailors Club) na ndị ọzọ. na repertoire nke Soviet muses. t-ogwu

Ngwakọta: Ee e na-arụ ọrụ, vols. IV, M., 1952-1957 (na vol. V nyere nkọwa nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na notography); Fav. akụkọ gbasara nkuzi egwu na mmụta, M.-L., 1965; Edemede dị egwu na nyocha, M.-L., 1967; Oresteia. Egwu. trilogy S. NA. Taneeva, M., 1916; Mkparịta ụka S. NA. Taneeva, M., 1916; Ntuziaka egwu, vol. I. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke egwu egwu na teknụzụ kachasị mkpa. aha, P., 1919; Oge gara aga nke Russian Music. Akụrụngwa na nyocha, vol. 1. AP NA. Tchaikovsky, P., 1920 (ed.); uri Russian na egwu Rọshịa, P., 1921; Chaikovsky. Ahụmahụ njirimara, P., 1921; Scriabin. Ahụmahụ njirimara, P., 1921; Dante na egwu, na: Dante Alighieri. 1321-1921, P., 1921; Ọmụmụ Symphonic, P., 1922, 1970; P. NA. Chaikovsky. Ndụ na ọrụ ya, P., 1922; Akwụkwọ ozi na Russian Opera na Ballet, Petrograd kwa izu. steeti acad. ihe nkiri”, 1922, Mba 3-7, 9, 10, 12, 13; Chopin. Ahụmahụ njirimara, M., 1923; Mussorgsky. Ahụmahụ njirimara, M., 1923; Overture "Ruslan na Lyudmila" nke Glinka, "Egwu Egwu", Sat. 2, P., 1923; Ozizi nke usoro egwu-akụkọ ihe mere eme, dị ka ihe ndabere nke ihe ọmụma akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu, na Sat: Ọrụ na ụzọ nke ịmụ nkà, P., 1924; Glazunov. Ahụmahụ njirimara, L., 1924; Myaskovsky dị ka onye na-agụ egwú, Music Modern, M., 1924, Mba 3; Chaikovsky. Ihe ncheta na akwụkwọ ozi, P., 1924 (ed.); Ọkà mmụta egwu Rọshịa nke oge a na ọrụ ya mere eme, De Musisa, vol. 1, L., 1925; Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy, Ihe Egwu Egwu, Nke 3, L., 1926; Ajụjụ nke egwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Satọde akụkọ ed. NA. Glebova, L., 1926; Symphonism dị ka nsogbu nke nkà mmụta egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, n'akwụkwọ: P. Becker, Symphony si Beethoven ruo Mahler, trans. ed. NA. Glebova, L., 1926; Egwu French na ndị nnọchi anya ya nke oge a, na mkpokọta: "Isii" (Milo. Onegger. Arik. Poulen. Durey. Taifer), L., 1926; Kshenec na Berg dị ka ndị na-agụ opera, “Egwu Oge A”, 1926, Mba. 17-18; A. Casella, L., 1927; SITE. Prokofiev, L., 1927; Na ọrụ ozugbo nke sociology nke egwu, n'akwụkwọ: Moser G. I., Egwu nke obodo ochie, trans. na German, n'okpuru iwu. NA. Glebova, L., 1927; Egwu egwu egwu Russia maka afọ 10, "Egwu na Mgbanwe", 1927, Mba 11; Egwu ezinụlọ mgbe Ọktoba gachara, na Sat: Egwu ọhụrụ, mba. 1 (V), L., 1927; Na ọmụmụ nke Russian music nke XVIII narị afọ. na opera abụọ nke Bortnyansky, na mkpokọta: Egwu na ndụ egwu nke ochie Russia, L., 1927; Memo banyere Kozlovsky, ibid.; Na mweghachi nke "Boris Godunov" nke Mussorgsky, L., 1928; Akwụkwọ gbasara Stravinsky, L., 1929; MA. G. Rubinstein na ọrụ egwu ya na nyocha nke ndị ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, M., 1929; Russian romance. Ahụmahụ nke nyocha innation. Satọde akụkọ ed. B. AT. Asafiev, M.-L., 1930; Okwu mmalite nke ọmụmụ nke Mussorgsky's Dramaturgy, na: Mussorgsky, akụkụ XNUMX. 1. "Boris Godunov". Akụkọ na ihe, M., 1930; Ụdị egwu dịka usoro, M., 1930, L., 1963; TO. Nef. Western Europe akụkọ ihe mere eme. egwu, trans nke edegharịrị na agbakwunyere. ya na franc. B. AT. Asafiev, L., 1930; M., 1938; Egwu Russia site na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19, M.-L., 1930, 1968; Echiche egwu na ịma mma nke Mussorgsky, na: M. AP Mussorgsky. Ruo afọ 50 nke ọnwụ ya. 1881-1931, Moscow, 1932. Na ọrụ Shostakovich na opera ya "Lady Macbeth", na mkpokọta: "Lady Macbeth nke Mtsensk District", L., 1934; Ụzọ m, “SM”, 1934, Mba 8; Na ebe nchekwa P. NA. Tchaikovsky, M.-L., 1940; Site n'oge gara aga ruo n'ọdịnihu, usoro isiokwu, na nchịkọta: "SM", Mba 1, M., 1943; Eugene Onegin. Ihe nkiri egwu egwu P. NA. Tchaikovsky. Ahụmahụ nke nyocha innation nke ụdị na egwu. dramaturgy, M.-L., 1944; N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, M.-L., 1944; Symphony nke asatọ D. Shostakovich, na sb.: Moscow Philharmonic, Moscow, 1945; Onye edemede 1st pol. Narị afọ nke XNUMX, mba. 1, M., 1945 (n'usoro "Russian oge gboo music"); SITE. AT. Rachmaninov, M., 1945; Ụdị egwu dị ka usoro, akwụkwọ. 2nd, Intonation, M., 1947, L., 1963 (tinyere akụkụ nke mbụ); Glinka, M., 1; Enchantress. Opera P. NA. Tchaikovsky, M., 1947; Ụzọ nke mmepe nke egwu Soviet, na: Essays na Soviet egwú creativity, M.-L., 1947; Opera, ibid.; Symphony, ibid.; Grieg, M., 1948; Site na mkparịta ụka mụ na Glazunov, Akwụkwọ Yearbook of the Institute of Art History, Moscow, 1948; Asịrị nke Glinka, na mkpokọta: M.

References: Lunacharsky A., Otu n'ime mgbanwe na akụkọ ihe mere eme nka, "Bulletin of the Communist Academy", 1926, akwụkwọ. XV; Bogdanov-Berezovsky V., BV Asafiev. Leningrad, 1937; Zhitomirsky D., Igor Glebov dị ka onye mgbasa ozi, "SM", 1940, Mba 12; Shostakovich D., Boris Asafiev, "Akwụkwọ na Art", 1943, September 18; Ossovsky A., BV Asafiev, "Egwu Soviet", Sat. 4, M., 1945; Khubov G., Onye na-egwu egwu, onye na-eche echiche, onye mgbasa ozi, ibid .; Bernandt G., Na ebe nchekwa nke Asafiev, "SM", 1949, Mba 2; Livanova T., BV Asafiev na Russian Glinkiana, na nchịkọta: MI Glinka, M.-L., 1950; Na ebe nchekwa nke BV Asafiev, Sat. akụkọ, M., 1951; Mazel L., Na egwu egwu-echiche nke Asafiev, "SM", 1957, Mba 3; Kornienko V., Nhazi na evolushọn nke aesthetic echiche nke BV Asafiev, "Scientific-usoro. Ihe ndetu nke Novosibirsk Conservatory, 1958; Orlova E., BV Asafiev. Ụzọ nke onye nyocha na onye mgbasa ozi, L., 1964; Iranek A., Ụfọdụ isi nsogbu nke Marxist musicology n'ìhè nke Asafiev's theory of intonation, na Sat: Intonation and musical image, M., 1965; Fydorov V., VV Asafev et la musicologie russe avant et apris 1917, na: Bericht über den siebenten Internationalen musikwissenschaftlichen Kongress Keln 1958, Kassel, 1959; Jiranek Y., Peispevek k teorii a praxi intonaeni analyzy, Praha, 1965.

Yu.V. Keldysh