Ntụgharị mbugharị |
Ebe a na-ebugharị ebugharị - ụdị mgbagwoju anya mgbagwoju anya, ngwakọta polyphonic nke abụ olu ụtọ (dị iche iche, yana otu, nke yiri ya, nke e debere n'ụdị nṅomi), na-atụ aro ka e guzobe otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ. Ogige ndị na-emepụta ihe n'ihi mgbanwe na nhazi nke mbụ site n'ịhazigharị (ịkwagharị, na-atụgharị) egwu ndị a na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. Dabere na usoro nhazigharị, dịka nkuzi nke SI Taneyev si dị, e nwere ụdị atọ nke P. ka .: na-ebugharị kwụ ọtọ, dabere na mgbanwe na mbụ. oke egwu dị n'ịdị elu, - njikọ mpụta (lee ihe atụ egwu b, c, d, e) na-etolite site na ibufe egwu n'otu oge ma ọ bụ ọzọ elu ma ọ bụ ala (ya bụ na kwụ ọtọ); mbugharị kwụ ọtọ, dabere na mgbanwe n'oge ntinye nke otu abụ olu, olu ikwu na nke ọzọ, - njikọ agbakwunyere (lee ihe atụ f, g) na-etolite site na nchụpụ nke otu egwu. olu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ụfọdụ nke usoro (nkụkọ nke nha) n'aka nri ma ọ bụ aka ekpe (ya bụ, kehoraizin);
SI Taneev. Site n'akwụkwọ "Mobile counterpoint of strict writing".
ugboro abụọ mobile, na-ejikọta ihe onwunwe nke 2 gara aga, - ihe mmepụta ihe (lee ihe atụ h, i, j) ka a na-emepụta n'ihi n'otu oge. mgbanwe na ịdị elu ruru na ruru nke oge ntinye nke melodic. votu (ya bụ vetikal na kehoraizin).
Na aesthetic N'ihe metụtara polyphony, dị ka a gbanwetụrụ mmeputakwa nke Nchikota na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe ihe, dị ka ịdị n'otu nke mmeghari ohuru na ikwughachi, ebe ọhụrụ adịghị eru a larịị nke a dị iche iche àgwà, na ikwugharị na-emejupụta na structural ọhụrụ, ọ na-apụta. ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ngosipụta nke nkọwapụta nke polyphonic. iche echiche (lee Polyphony).
Uru na nkesa kachasị bara uru bụ vetikal-P. ka. Yabụ, ọ bụ teknụzụ. ndabere polygonal. canons nke otu 1st (ma ewezuga ndị ebe ụda na-abanye n'otu oge na n'otu ụzọ ahụ).
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime anọ. fp. Na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke AV Stanchinsky, permutations kwụ ọtọ na-ebilite, nke enwere ike igosipụta usoro ya site na atụmatụ ndị a:
Ebe a Rl n'ihe gbasara R (lee Risposta, Proposta) na R3 n'ihe gbasara R2 banye n'elu octave; R2 na-abanye na ala ise n'ihe metụtara R1; Ngwakọta mbụ nke mbụ b + a1, ihe ndọpụta ya a1 + b2 na b1 + a2, ogige mbụ nke abụọ c + b3, ihe ndọtị ya b2 + c1, ca + b2; Ejiri okpukpu abụọ nke duodecym mee ihe (Iv = -1; lee n'okpuru). Ntugharị na vetikal-P. k. – a onwunwe nke enweghị ngwụcha canons (ma e wezụga canons na m ga-anabata) na canonical. usoro nke 3st udi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na jubilant-na-ada isi abụọ. N'ime akwụkwọ ikike na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke MI Glinka webatara na njedebe dị elu nke coda site na opera Ruslan na Lyudmila, olu ndị a na-eme mgbanwe ndị a:
Ebe a: ogige mbụ b + a1 (ogwe 28-27, 24-23, 20-19 site na njedebe nke overture), ihe mmepụta a + b1 (ogwe 26-25, 22-21); ejiri nkeji octave okpukpu abụọ mee ihe (n'ụzọ ziri ezi, decimal nke ise, Iv = -14). Ọmụmaatụ nke vetikal-P. n'ihi na na canon. usoro: isi abuo. ihe mepụtara a-moll No. 13 Ma. C. Bach, Ogwe 3-4 (na-agbada na sekọnd); egwu kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nke akụkụ nke atọ nke cantata "John nke Damaskọs" nke Taneyev nwere ihe atụ na-adịghị ahụkebe nke usoro n'ime olu anọ: na ọnụ ọgụgụ 3 dabere na ihe nke akụkụ nke na-emepe emepe nke isiokwu ahụ (usoro na-agbada na ụzọ atọ, na eziokwu na iji okpukpu abụọ nke olu), na nọmba 13 dabere na ebumnobi mbụ nke isiokwu ahụ (gbagwojuru anya site na mbugharị kwụ ọtọ). Vetikal-P. n'ihi na - àgwà nke mgbagwoju anya fugues na fugues na-ejigide mmegide. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na fugue okpukpu abụọ sitere na Kyrie na Requiem V. A. Mozart, isiokwu abụọ dị iche iche na-etolite njikọ mbụ na mmanya (abbr. — tt.) 1-4; Ogige ihe ewepụtara nke isiokwu na-eso ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na-enweghị interludes na vols. 5-8 (octave permutation), 8-11, 17-20 (na nke ikpeazụ ikpe permutation na duodecime) na na. Ntụkwasị obi contrapuntal. Usoro (mmegharị kwụ ọtọ nke isiokwu 3) na-akọwa nkwụghachi nke fugue atọ na C sitere na FP. okirikiri “Ludus tonalis” nke Hindemith, ebe njikọ mbụ dị na vols. 35-37 na ihe mpụta na vol. 38-40, 43-45, 46-48. Na Cis-dur fugue si na 1st olu nke Well-Tempered Clavier nke I. C. Isiokwu Bach nke fugue na nkwụghachi azụ echekwabara bụ njikọ mbụ na tt. 5-7, ihe mgbapụta na vol. 10-12, 19-21 na karịa. Isiokwu na mmegide abụọ jigidere na fugue site n'aka D. D. Shostakovich C-dur (Ọ dịghị 1) sitere na piano. okirikiri "24 preludes na fugues" mebere njikọ mbụ na vols. 19-26, sitere na ya na mpịakọta. 40-47, 48-55, 58-65, 66-73. Vetikal-P. n'ihi na ọ bụkwa ụzọ kachasị mkpa nke mmepe na nhazi na fugues nwere polyphonically dịgasị iche iche interludes. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na c-moll fugue si na 1st olu nke Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, nke mbụ interlude (vol. 5-6) - nke mbụ, 4th (tt. 17-18) - ihe nrụpụta (Iv = -11, nwere akụkụ abụọ nke olu ala), gụnyere. 19 sitere na mmalite nke 4th interlude (Iv = -14, na site na 1st interlude Iv = -3); Nkeji 2nd (vols. 9-10) - mmalite, 5th interlude (tt. 22-23) bụ mwepụta nke nwere ntugharị n'ime olu abụọ dị elu. Na homophonic na ngwakọta homophonic-polyphonic. vetikal-P ụdị. n'ihi na enwere ike iji ya n'otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ na ngalaba ha ọ bụla, dịka ọmụmaatụ. mgbe ị na-etolite isiokwu na mmalite nke mmegharị nke mbụ nke egwu egwu Glazunov nke ise (1 vols. ruo nọmba 2 - mmalite, 4 t. ruo na nọmba 2 - mmepụta). Mgbe ị na-egosipụta isiokwu akụkụ na mmegharị nke mbụ nke egwu egwu 1 nke P. NA. Tchaikovsky (nke izizi malitere na vol. 122, mwepụta gụnyere. 128) permutation vetikal bụ ụzọ abụ olu ụtọ. saturation nke lyric. egwu. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji mmegharị kwụ ọtọ na etiti etiti nke ụdị dị mfe (L. Beethoven, fp. sonata op. 2 Mba 2, Largo appassionato: nke mbụ dị n'etiti ụdị akụkụ abụọ, ya bụ. 9, mwepụta – na vol. 10 na 11); na mmepe sonata, nke a bụ otu n'ime ụzọ kachasị mkpa na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka mmepe mkpali (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mmegharị nke mbụ sitere na Es-dur quartet nke V. A. Mozart, K.-V. 428: mbụ – vol. 85-86, ihe mgbapụta – vol. 87-88, 89-90, 91-92). A na-ejikarị polyphonic eme ihe. nhazi nke ihe site n'enyemaka nke ntụgharị kwụ ọtọ na ngalaba reprise, ebe ha na-enye aka na mmeghari nke ụda (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Scriabin's poem op. 32 Mba 1 Fis-dur, ihe nrụpụta gụnyere. 25). Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji permutation kwụ ọtọ na nkwubi okwu. akụkụ nke ụdị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Glinka's Aragonese code: nke mbụ bụ nọmba 24, ihe nrụpụta bụ 25). Vetikal-P. n'ihi na - otu n'ime ụzọ polyphonic a na-ejikarị eme ihe. mgbanwe dị iche iche (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mmegharị nke atọ sitere na Borodin's D-dur quartet: nke mbụ na nkwụghachi azụ bụ nọmba 3, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. 111, mwepu – nọmba 5 ma ọ bụ na. 133; na No.
Oghere nke ebe a na-ebugharị n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ na nke enwere ike ibugharị okpukpu abụọ ka nwere oke. T. n. "Ntụgharị na enweghị nkwụsịtụ" sitere na P. Mulu's mass (nke SI Taneyev kwuru na "Mobile counterpoint" ma mepụtagharị na mbipụta 1 nke MV Ivanov-Boretsky's Musical-Historical Reader, Ọ dịghị 42) na-anọgide naanị n'ụzọ nke ya ihe atụ nke. egwu. mmepụta, kpamkpam dabere na horizontally-P. k.: polyphonic. Enwere ike ịme mpempe ahụ na nsụgharị 2 - na nkwụsịtụ (nke mbụ) na enweghị ha (mwepụta); ụkọ a na-eje ozi dị ka ezigbo ihe atụ nke ụzọ ọrụ nke ndị nna ukwu nke oge nke ụdị ejiji. Ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama na usoro nke kehoraizin na doubly-P. k. n'okpuru ụfọdụ canons nke ụdị nke abụọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-ada ụda dị ka isi nke mmepe site na akụkụ 2st nke 1th symphony nke DD Shostakovich, akwụkwọ mpịakọta abụọ, ebe isi na isiokwu abụọ jikọtara ọnụ, nọmba 5) na canonical . usoro nke ụdị nke abụọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na akụkụ nke abụọ nke Myaskovsky's quartet No. 32, vol. 2 et seq.). Ọtụtụ mgbe ụdị P. ka akọwapụtara. zute na agbatị fugues na ogologo mgbanwe nke mmeghe. Dị ka ihe atụ, na ricercar-dị ka fugue na C-dur si 2st olu nke Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier n'ezie mejupụtara nke nwayọọ nwayọọ ọzọ mgbagwoju strettas; na Credo (Ọ dịghị 3) site na Mass na h-moll nke JS Bach, nke mbụ - vols. 70-1, mpụta – vol. 12-4, 9-17. N'ime fugue si na Ravel's Tomb of Couperin suite, mmegharị dị mgbagwoju anya na strettas na-emepụta ụda dissonant dị nro nke onye na-ede egwú a: tt. 21-34 - nke mbụ (stretta na isiokwu na mmegharị ahụ na ntinye anya nke abụọ asatọ); t. 37-35 – ihe ewepụtara na nkwụghachi n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ; TT. 37-39 – Mwepụta na ezughị oke ngbanwe ntụgharị; t. 41-44 - sitere na nke gara aga nwere nkwụsị kwụ ọtọ (ebe ntinye bụ nke asatọ); t. 46-48 - ihe nrụpụta n'ụdị ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ. na-agbatị n'ime okpukpu abụọ-P. ka.
A na-ahụ mmegharị kwụ ọtọ mgbe ụfọdụ na fugues nwere nkwụghachi azụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na gis-moll fugues sitere na vol. 1, As-dur na H-dur sitere na vol. 2 nke Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier; na fugue ikpeazụ sitere na concerto maka 2 FP Stravinsky).
Wepu. amara na-ekewa mmegharị kwụ ọtọ na egwu WA Mozart, dịka ọmụmaatụ. na sonata D-dur, K.-V. 576, mpịakọta. 28, 63 na 70 (ebe dị anya ntinye bụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ asatọ, isii na asatọ na asatọ na asatọ nwere ntụgharị kwụ ọtọ).
Nnukwu nka. mmegharị kehoraizin dị iche iche-ọchịchịrị dị mkpa, dịka ọmụmaatụ. na nnukwu fugue Es-dur maka akụkụ nke JS Bach, BWV 552, vol. 90 na nkeji; na 2nd mmegharị nke Glazunov's 7th symphony, 4 jikoro ruo nọmba 16. Na ikpeazụ fugue nke eriri quintet G-dur op. 14 Taneyev isiokwu nke fugue okpukpu abụọ na njikọ njikọ a na-eme ya na ntụgharị kwụ ọtọ (site na tọn 2) na ntụgharị kwụ ọtọ:
N'otu aka ahụ na P. to. kwesịrị itinye ụdị mgbakwụnye mgbagwoju anya - counterpoint nke na-enye ohere okpukpu abụọ: a na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe site na iji okpukpu abụọ (lee ihe atụ k, 1) ma ọ bụ ihe niile (lee ihe atụ m) olu ndị nwere nkwenye na-ezughị okè (na egwu nke narị afọ nke 20 - e nwere). ọ bụla ọzọ ugboro abụọ ruo ụyọkọ). Dị ka usoro nke ịmepụta ihe, counterpoint, nke na-enye ohere okpukpu abụọ, dị nnọọ nso na vetikal-P. ka., n'ihi na olu ugboro abụọ bụ n'ezie n'ihi ntụgharị kwụ ọtọ nke etiti oge okpukpu abụọ - nke atọ, nke isii, nkeji iri. Ojiji nke okpukpu abụọ na ogige ndị na-emepụta ihe na-enye mmetụta nke mgbagwoju anya, oke ụda; eg na prelude na fugue maka fp. Glazunov, op. 101 Mba 3 mweghachi nke isiokwu nke fugue abụọ na m. 71 bụ nke mbụ, na m. 93 bụ mwepụta nwere octave vetikal permutation na nke nwere okpukpu abụọ nke olu; na Mgbanwe VI site na mgbanwe dị iche iche na isiokwu nke Paganini maka piano abụọ. Lutoslavsky na nke mbụ, olu elu na-eji tertian okpukpu abụọ na-agagharị, nke dị ala nwere triads isi, na usoro na-adịghị ahụkebe (v. 6) olu elu na-emegharị na obere triads yiri ya, nke dị ala nwere ụzọ atọ.
P. na na counterpoint, nke na-enye ohere ugboro abụọ, nwere ike ijikọta ya na reversible counterpoint (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mmepe nke ikpeazụ nke egwu egwu C-dur "Jupiter" nke WA Mozart dere, nṅomi nke canonical na mmegharị kpọmkwem na ogwe 173-175 bụ. nke mbụ, na Ogwe 187-189 - ihe nrụpụta na ntụgharị na ntụgharị kwụ ọtọ nke ụda olu, na Ogwe 192-194 - ihe nrụpụta nwere permutation kwụ ọtọ na naanị otu olu tụgharịrị), mgbe ụfọdụ na-ejikọta ya na ụdị egwu dị otú ahụ. mgbanwe, dị ka mmụba, ibelata, na-akpụ nnukwu mgbagwoju ewu ewu. Ya mere, mgbanwe nke polyphonic. ngwakọta na pụtara. nha na-ekpebi ọdịdị FP egwu. quintet g-moll (op. 30) Taneyev: lee, dị ka ihe atụ, nọmba 72 (mbụ) na 78 (mwepụta na-abawanye na kehoraizin ije), 100 (mwepụta na okpukpu abụọ P. k.), 220 - na ikpeazụ (n'ikpeazụ). nchikota nke isi okwu na mmụba anọ ya).
Ozizi nke counterpoint na counterpoint, nke na-enye ohere okpukpu abụọ, bụ nke SI Taneev mepụtara nke ọma n'ọrụ ya bụ isi "Mbipụta mkpanaka nke ederede siri ike". Onye nyocha ahụ na-ewepụta akara ngosi na-enye ohere mgbakọ na mwepụ. site n'ịkọwa mmegharị olu nke ọma na ikpebi ọnọdụ maka ide P. ka. Ụfọdụ n'ime aha na echiche ndị a: M - olu elu, II - olu dị ala na abụọ - na etiti n'olu atọ, III - olu dị ala n'olu atọ (a na-echekwa aha ndị a n'ụdị usoro); 0 - prima, 1 - nke abụọ, 2 - atọ, 3 - quart, wdg (ụdị digitization nke etiti oge dị mkpa maka mgbakwunye na mwepu ha); h (obere maka lat. horisontalis) - mmegharị nke ụda olu; Ih (obere maka lat. index horisontalis) - ihe na-egosi mmegharị kwụ ọtọ, kpebisiri ike na okirikiri ma ọ bụ iti (lee ihe atụ f, g, h, i, j); v (obere maka lat. verticalis) - mmegharị olu nke kwụ ọtọ. A na-atụ mmegharị nke olu elu na ala site na etiti oge kwekọrọ na uru dị mma, mmegharị nke olu elu gbadaa wee gbadaa site na etiti oge na akara mwepu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, IIV=2 - mmegharị nke olu elu. elu site na nke atọ, IIV=-7 - mmegharị nke olu ala elu site na octave). Na vetikal-P. j. a permutation, nke elu olu nke mbụ njikọ (usoro nke mbụ na abụọ-olu I + II) na-ejigide ọnọdụ nke elu nke na dravative, a na-akpọ kpọmkwem (lee ihe atụ b, c; ihe atụ nke na-egosi). permutation ozugbo na olu abụọ:
). A permutation, nke elu olu nke mbụ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke nke ala na dravative, a na-akpọ nke ọzọ (lee ihe atụ d, e; foto ya:
).
Polyphonic nwere isi abụọ bụ onyinye nke na-enye ohere ntụgharị kwụ ọtọ (ọ bụghị naanị na-emegide, kamakwa - n'ụzọ dị iche na nkọwa ezighi ezi - na kpọmkwem), a na-akpọ. okpukpu abụọ (German doppelter Kontrapunkt); ọmụmaatụ, n'ime ihe nrụpụta okpukpu abụọ E-dur No 6 JS Bach original – na vols. 1-4, ihe mgbapụta – na mpịakọta. 5-8, IV=-14 + II V=-7
). Isi atọ. njikọ na-enye ohere 6 nchikota nke olu (ihe ọ bụla nke mbụ olu nwere ike ịbụ elu, n'etiti ma ọ bụ ala na dravative njikọ) a na-akpọ triple counterpoint (German dreifacher Kontrapunkt, Tripelkontrapunkt). Ọnụọgụ na-egosi mgbaghara na triphony:
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ e mepụtara f-moll No 9 JS Bach: nke mbụ - na vols. 3-4, ihe mgbapụta – na mpịakọta. 7-8
na No. 19 site na "akwụkwọ ndetu Polyphonic" nke Shchedrin - ihe ewepụtara na v. 9. Otu ụkpụrụ ahụ na-adabere na obere eji eme ihe. counterpoint anọ anọ (German vierfacher Kontrapunkt, Quadrupelkontrapunkt), na-enye ohere ọnọdụ olu 24 (lee, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nọmba 5, 6, 7 na akụkụ 1 nke cantata "John nke Damaskọs"); nọmba 1, 2, 3, 4 na njedebe. na ukwe okpukpu abụọ nke 9 nke cantata "Mgbe Ọgụgụ Abụ Ọma" nke Taneyev, na fugue na e-moll si okirikiri "24 Preludes na Fugues" maka pianoforte Shostakovich - vol. 15-18 na 36 -39). Ihe atụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke counterpoint ise - koodu nke ikpeazụ nke egwu egwu C-dur ("Jupiter") nke WA Mozart dere: nke mbụ na vols. 384-387, ewepụtara na vol. 387-391, 392-395, 396-399, 399-402; usoro mmeghari:
Algebra. Nchikota nke etiti oge mmegharị nke olu abụọ ahụ (n'olu abụọ; na atọ- na polyphony - maka ụda olu ọ bụla) ka a na-akpọ ihe ngosi nke mmegharị kwụ ọtọ ma na-egosi ya Iv (mkpụmkpụ maka Latin index verticalis; lee ihe atụ b , c, d, e). Iv bụ nkọwa kachasị mkpa na nkuzi nke SI Taneev, n'ihi na ọ na-akọwa ụkpụrụ maka ojiji nke etiti oge kpụrụ n'etiti polyphonic olu. anụ ahụ, na njirimara olu na-eduga. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ị na-ede ogige nke mbụ n'akụkụ ihu abụọ nke ọnụọgụgụ (ntụgharị Iv = -9), ọ bụ naanị mmegharị olu na-abụghị nke na-apụtachaghị ìhè ka a na-ewere n'ime usoro ederede siri ike, yana njigide otu quart site n'olu dị elu na ọ nweghị onye site na olu dị ala adịghị anabata ka ịzere ụda n'ime ihe nrụpụta. iwu nke ịke a machibidoro iwu. Enwere ike ịme ihe ọ bụla n'oge ọ bụla na, ya mere, Iv nwere ike inwe uru ọ bụla, Otú ọ dị, na omume, ụdị atọ nke permutations na-emekarị: ọnụọgụ abụọ counterpoint (Iv = -9 ma ọ bụ -16), duodecimes (Iv = -) 11 ma ọ bụ -18) na karịsịa okpukpu abụọ octave counterpoint (Iv = -7 ma ọ bụ -14). A na-akọwa nke a site n'eziokwu na mgbe ị na-atụgharị ọnụ ọgụgụ abụọ nke octave, decima na duodecima, ihe nkwekọ na-agbanwe ntakịrị na usoro. Ihe kacha mkpa nke njikọ mbụ (ntụgharị uche nke mbụ na-adakọkarị n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ n'ime usoro; otu ndabere ahụ dị n'etiti dissonances). Ikike ime permutation kwụ ọtọ na decomp. nkeji oge (ntụgharị jiri ụkpụrụ dị iche iche nke IV) mejupụtara nka nka. a pụtara na-enye ohere onye na-ede egwú iji aghụghọ dị iche iche sonority. Otu n'ime ihe atụ pụtara ìhè bụ g-moll fugue sitere na olu nke abụọ nke Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier: isiokwu na mmegide egbochiri na-etolite njikọ mbụ na ụlọ mmanya. 5-9; ewepụtara na tt. 13-17 (Iv=-14), 28-32 (Iv=-11), 32-36 (Iv=-2) na 36-40 (Iv=-16); na mgbakwunye, na tt. 51-55 na mwepụta isiokwu ji okpukpu abụọ nke isii sitere n'elu (Iv = +5), na tt. 59-63 permutation na Iv=-14 na-eji okpukpu atọ si n'okpuru mee isiokwu ahụ ugboro abụọ, yana mgbakwunye site na nke atọ site n'elu (Iv = -2). Na egwu mgbe Bach gasịrị na ruo narị afọ nke 20. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji permutation octave dị mfe; Otú ọ dị, ndị na-ede egwú, ka harmonica na-eto eto. nnwere onwe na-eji ihe ngosi ejighị obere ihe n'oge gara aga. Karịsịa, a na-ahụ ha na canon. usoro ebe a na-emepụta ihe mmepụta ihe n'etiti risposta na ntinyeghachi nke proposta: dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mmegharị nke abụọ nke Mozart's D-dur quartet, K.-V. 499, mpịakọta. 9-12 (Iv = -13); na 1st mmegharị nke Glazunov Symphony No. 8, nọmba 26, vol. 5-8 (Iv = -15); na opera opera "Meistersingers of Nuremberg", vol. 7 (Iv = -15) na vol. 15 (Iv = -13); na foto nke mbụ nke 1 d. "Akụkọ nke obodo Kitezh a na-adịghị ahụ anya", nọmba 156, vols. 5-8 (Iv=-10); na 1st ije nke Myaskovsky's Quartet No. 12, mpịakọta.
Ha Rimsky-Korsakov. "Akụkọ nke obodo a na-adịghị ahụ anya nke Kitezh na Maiden Fevronia", Act III, 1st scene.
Njikọ nke SI Taneyev guzobere na canon (n'akwụkwọ "The Doctrine of the Canon") mere ka o kwe omume ịhazi nke ọma na nkà mmụta sayensị na-ekpebi ụkpụrụ nke decomp. canon ụdị. Ozizi P. ka. jere ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka n'ihu mmepe nke ozizi Taneyev na ikwiikwii. musicology (SS Bogatyrev, "Double Canon" na "Reversible Counterpoint").
References: Taneev SI, ebe a na-emegharị emegharị nke ederede siri ike, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; nke ya, Ozizi nke Canon, M., 1929; Ivanov-Boretsky MV, onye na-agụ egwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme, vol. 1, M., 1929; Bogatyrev SS, Ugboro abụọ Canon, M.-L., 1947; nke ya, ihe mgbagha, M., 1960; Dmitriev AN, Polyphony dị ka ihe kpatara ịkpụzi, L., 1962; Pustylnik I. Ya., Mkpegharị ihu na-ebugharị na ide ihe n'efu, L., 1967; Jadassohn S., Lehrbuch des einfachen, doppelten, drei- und vierfachen Contrapunkts, Lpz., 1884, id., Na ya Musikalische Kompositionslehre, Tl. 1, Bd 2, Lpz., 1926; Riemann H., Lehrbuch des einfachen, doppelten und imitierenden Kontrapunkts, Lpz., 1888. 1921; Prout, E., Ugboro abụọ counterpoint na canon, L., 1891, 1893.
VP Frayonov
