Salomea (Solomia) Amvrosievna Kruchelnitskaya (Salomea Kruszelnicka) |

Salomea Kruszelnicka

Ọbụna n'oge ndụ ya, a ghọtara Salomea Kruchelnitskaya dị ka onye na-agụ egwú pụtara ìhè n'ụwa. O nwere olu pụtara ìhè n'ihe gbasara ike na ịma mma nke nwere oke dị iche iche (ihe dị ka octave atọ nwere ndekọ etiti n'efu), ebe nchekwa egwu (ọ nwere ike ịmụta akụkụ opera n'ime ụbọchị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ), na nkà dị egwu na-egbuke egbuke. Ihe nkiri onye ọbụ abụ gụnyere ihe karịrị akụkụ iri isii dị iche iche. N'ime ọtụtụ onyinye na ihe dị iche iche ya, karịsịa, aha "Wagnerian prima donna nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ." Onye na-ede egwú Ịtali bụ Giacomo Puccini nyere onye na-agụ egwú ihe osise ya na ihe odide "ma mma ma mara mma Butterfly".

Salomeya Kruchelnytska mụrụ na September 23, 1872 na obodo Belyavintsy, ugbu a Buchatsky district nke Ternopil mpaghara, na ezinụlọ nke onye ụkọchukwu.

Na-abịa site na ezigbo ezinụlọ na oge ochie nke Ukraine. Kemgbe 1873, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara ọtụtụ oge, na 1878, ha kwagara n'obodo Belaya dị nso na Ternopil, ebe ha na-ahapụghị. Ọ malitere ịbụ abụ site na nwata. Mgbe Salome bụ nwata, ọ maara ọtụtụ abụ ndị mmadụ, bụ́ ndị ọ mụtara kpọmkwem n'aka ndị nkịtị. Ọ nwetara nkuzi nkuzi egwu na Ternopil gymnasium, ebe ọ na-anwale ule dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mpụga. N'ebe a, ọ bịara nso na egwu egwu nke ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, nke Denis Sichinsky, mgbe e mesịrị, onye na-ede egwú a ma ama, onye mbụ ọkachamara na-agụ egwú na Western Ukraine, bụkwa onye òtù.

Na 1883, na Shevchenko concert na Ternopil, mbụ ọha ọrụ nke Salome mere, ọ bụrụ abụ na ukwe nke Russian mkparịta ụka. Na Ternopil, Salomea Kruchelnytska maara ihe nkiri ahụ maka oge mbụ. N'ebe a, site n'oge ruo n'oge, ihe nkiri Lvov nke ọha mkparịta ụka Russia mere.

Na 1891, Salome banyere Lviv Conservatory. N'ebe nchekwa ahụ, onye nkụzi ya bụ prọfesọ a ma ama na Lviv n'oge ahụ, Valery Vysotsky, bụ onye zụlitere ụyọkọ kpakpando nke ndị ọbụ abụ Ukraine na Polish a ma ama. Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na conservatory, arụmọrụ solo mbụ ya mere na Eprel 13, 1892, onye ọbụ abụ mere akụkụ bụ isi na oratori GF Handel "Mesaịa". Akpa operatic mpụta mbụ nke Salome Kruchelnytska mere na April 15, 1893, ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke Leonora na arụmọrụ nke Italian dere G. Donizetti "The Favorite" na ogbo nke Lviv City Ụlọ ihe nkiri.

Na 1893 Kruchelnytska gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Lvov Conservatory. Na diplọma ngụsị akwụkwọ Salome, e dere, sị: “Ọ bụ Panna Salomea Krushelnitskaya nwetara diplọma a dị ka ihe àmà nke mmụta nkà nwetara site n'ịdị uchu na-akpachapụ anya na ihe ịga nke ọma pụrụ iche, karịsịa na asọmpi ọha na eze na June 24, 1893, bụ́ nke e nyere ya ọlaọcha. medal."

Mgbe ọ ka na-agụ akwụkwọ na conservatory, Salomea Krushelnytska nwetara onyinye site na Lviv Opera House, ma o kpebiri ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya. Onye na-agụ egwú Ịtali a ma ama bụ Gemma Bellinchoni, bụ onye na-eme njem na Lviv n'oge ahụ, metụtara mkpebi ya. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1893, Salome hapụrụ ịga mụọ ihe n'Ịtali, bụ́ ebe Prọfesọ Fausta Crespi ghọrọ onye nkụzi ya. Ka ọ na-amụ ihe, ihe omume n’ebe a na-egwu egwu bụ́ ndị ọ na-abụ opera aria bụ ezigbo ụlọ akwụkwọ maka Salome. N'ọkara nke abụọ nke 1890, ihe ngosi mmeri ya na ọkwa nke ihe nkiri gburugburu ụwa malitere: na Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, Russia, Poland, Austria, Egypt, Argentina, Chile na operas Aida, Il trovatore nke D. Verdi, Faust » Ch. Gounod, The Terrible Yard nke S. Moniuszko, Nwanyị Africa nke D. Meyerbeer, Manon Lescaut na Cio-Cio-San nke G. Puccini, Carmen nke J. Bizet, Elektra nke R. Strauss, "Eugene Onegin" na "The Queen of Spades" nke PI Tchaikovsky na ndị ọzọ.

February 17, 1904 na Milan ihe nkiri "La Scala" Giacomo Puccini wepụtara ya ọhụrụ opera "Madama Butterfly". Ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe onye dere ya ji n'aka na ọ ga-aga nke ọma… mana ndị na-ege ntị tiri mkpu opera n'iwe. The maestro a na-eme ememe nwere nkụda mmụọ. Ndị enyi mere ka Puccini rụgharịa ọrụ ya, na ịkpọ Salome Kruchelnitskaya na akụkụ bụ isi. Na May 29, na ogbo nke Grande Theatre na Brescia, mmalite nke Madama Butterfly emelitere mere, oge a na-enwe mmeri. Ndị na-ege ntị kpọrọ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ede egwú ahụ ugboro asaa. Mgbe arụmọrụ, metụrụ na ekele, Puccini zigara Kruchelnitskaya ihe osise ya na ihe odide ahụ: "N'aka Butterfly kacha mma ma maa mma."

Na 1910, S. Krushelnitskaya lụrụ onye isi obodo nke obodo Viareggio (Italy) na ọkàiwu Cesare Riccioni, bụ onye na-ahụ maka egwu egwu na onye omekome. Ha lụrụ n’otu n’ime ụlọ nsọ nke Buenos Aires. Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị, Cesare na Salome biri na Viareggio, bụ ebe Salome zụtara ụlọ obibi, nke ọ kpọrọ "Salome" ma nọgide na-eme njem.

Na 1920, Krushelnitskaya hapụrụ opera ogbo na zenith nke ama ya, na-eme nke ikpeazụ na Naples Theatre na mmasị operas Lorelei na Lohengrin. O tinyere ndụ ya ọzọ n'ime ihe omume egwu ụlọ, na-eme abụ n'asụsụ 8. Ọ gara Europe na America. Afọ ndị a niile ruo 1923 ọ na-abịa mgbe niile n'ala nna ya na-arụ na Lvov, Ternopil na obodo ndị ọzọ nke Galicia. Ya na ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama na Western Ukraine nwere mmekọrịta siri ike. Egwuregwu ndị a raara nye na ebe nchekwa Taras Shevchenko nwere ebe pụrụ iche na ọrụ okike nke onye ọbụ abụ. Na 1929, ikpeazụ tour concert nke S. Kruchelnitskaya mere na Rome.

Na 1938, di Kruchelnitskaya, Cesare Riccioni, nwụrụ. Na August 1939, onye na-agụ egwú gara Galicia na, n'ihi ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, enweghị ike ịlaghachi Italy. N'oge ndị Germany na-arụ ọrụ na Lviv, S. Krushelnytska dara ogbenye, n'ihi ya, ọ na-enye nkuzi ụda olu na nzuzo.

Na post-agha oge, S. Kruchelnytska malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Lviv State Conservatory aha ya bụ NV Lysenko. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ nkụzi ya ka malitere, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị. N'oge "na-asachapụ ndị ọrụ site n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka mba" a boro ya ebubo na ọ nweghị diploma diploma. Mgbe e mesịrị, a chọtara diplọma ahụ na ego nke ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke obodo.

Ibi ma na-akụzi na Soviet Union, Salomeya Amvrosievna, n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ mkpesa, ruo ogologo oge enweghị ike nweta Soviet nwa amaala, fọdụrụ isiokwu nke Italy. N'ikpeazụ, mgbe e dere nkwupụta banyere ịnyefe ya Italian Villa na ihe onwunwe niile na Soviet steeti, Krushelnitskaya ghọrọ nwa amaala nke USSR. E rere villa ahụ ozugbo, na-akwụ onye nwe ya ụgwọ obere akụkụ nke ọnụ ahịa ya.

Na 1951, Salome Krushelnitskaya e nyere aha nke na-asọpụrụ Art Worker nke Ukraine SSR, na October 1952, otu ọnwa tupu ọnwụ ya, Krushelnitskaya natara aha prọfesọ.

Na November 16, 1952, obi onye na-agụ egwú kwụsịrị ịkụ. E liri ya na Lviv na ili Lychakiv n'akụkụ ili nke enyi ya na onye ndụmọdụ, Ivan Franko.

Na 1993, a na-akpọ otu okporo ámá aha S. Krushelnytska na Lviv, bụ ebe o biri na afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. E meghere ebe ncheta ncheta nke Salomea Kruselnytska n'ụlọ onye ọbụ abụ. Taa, Lviv Opera House, Lviv Musical Secondary School, Ternopil Musical College (ebe a na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Salomeya), ụlọ akwụkwọ 8 dị afọ na obodo Belaya, n'okporo ámá dị na Kyiv, Lvov, Ternopil, Buchach. aha ya bụ S. Kruchelnytska (lee Salomeya Kruchelnytska Street). N'ime ụlọ enyo nke Lviv Opera na Ballet Theatre, e nwere ihe ncheta ọla maka Salome Kruchelnytska.

Ọtụtụ ọrụ nka, egwu na cinematographic raara nye ndụ na ọrụ nke Salomea Kruselnytska. Na 1982, na A. Dovzhenko film studio, director O. Fialko gbara akụkọ ihe mere eme na biographical film "The Return of the Butterfly" (dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke otu aha site V. Vrublevskaya), raara nye ndụ na ọrụ nke ndụ. Salomea Kruchelnitskaya. Foto a dabere na eziokwu nke ndụ onye na-agụ egwú ma wuo ya dị ka ihe ncheta ya. Ọ bụ Gisela Zipola na-eme akụkụ nke Salome. Ọrụ Salome na fim ahụ bụ Elena Safonova. Ke adianade do, e kere akwụkwọ akụkọ, karịsịa, Salome Krushelnitskaya (eduzi I. Mudrak, Lvov, ọtụtụ, 1994) Abụọ Ndụ Salome (eduzi A. Frolov, Kyiv, Kontakt, 1997), okirikiri "Aha" (2004). , akwụkwọ akụkọ "Solo-mea" site na okirikiri "Egwuregwu Fate" (onye nduzi V. Obraz, VIATEL studio, 2008). Machị 18, 2006 na ogbo nke Lviv National Academic Opera na Ballet Theatre aha ya bụ S. Kruchelnitskaya kwadoro mmalite nke ballet Miroslav Skorik "Nlaghachi nke nru ububa", dabere na eziokwu sitere na ndụ Salomea Krushelnitskaya. Ballet na-eji egwu Giacomo Puccini.

Na 1995, mmalite nke play "Salome Krushelnytska" (onye edemede B. Melnichuk, I. Lyakhovsky) mere na Ternopil Regional Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri (ugbu a agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ ihe nkiri). Kemgbe 1987, a na-eme asọmpi Salomea Kruchelnytska na Ternopil. Kwa afọ Lviv na-akwado asọmpi mba ụwa aha ya bụ Kruchelnytska; ememme opera nka aghọwo omenala.