Heterophony

site na Greek eteros - dị iche iche na ponn - ụda

Ụdị polyphony nke na-eme n'oge nkwonkwo (olu, ngwá ọrụ ma ọ bụ ngwakọta) arụmọrụ nke egwu egwu, mgbe ọ dị na otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ. olu na-apụ apụ site na ụda isi.

Okwu a bụ "G" ndị Gris oge ochie jibu ya mee ihe (Plato, Laws, VII, 12), ma ihe e nyere ya n’oge ahụ eguzobebeghị nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, okwu ahụ bụ "G." dara n'ejighị ya ma mee ka ọ dịghachi naanị na 1901. ọkà mmụta sayensị K. Stumpf, bụ onye ji ya mee ihe n'ihe ọ pụtara n'elu.

A na-ekpebi ngbanwe site na abụ abụ bụ isi na G. site na okike. ịrụ iche. ikike mmadụ. olu na ngwa, yana echiche nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Nke a na-emekarị ọtụtụ bunks. mgbọrọgwụ omenala egwu nke polyphony. N'ime egwu ndị mmadụ mepere emepe na instr. omenala dabere na nat. iche, peculiar iche nke ịdị adị nke bunks. mmepụta egwu egwu na njirimara nke ndị na-eme ihe na-emepụta ihe ịchọ mma. ụkpụrụ, ọdịnala mpaghara, ngosipụta dị iche iche nke ụkpụrụ bụ isi bilitere - nchikota nke decomp n'otu oge. variants nke otu ụda. N'ọdịnala ndị dị otú ahụ, a na-ahụ anya ma dị iche. ntụziaka nke mmepe nke heterophonic polyphony. Na ụfọdụ, ịchọ mma predominates, na ndị ọzọ - harmonic, na ndị ọzọ - polyphonic. egwu dị iche iche. Mmepe nke Rus. polyphony-abụ ndị mmadụ, nke mere ka e guzobe ụlọ nkwakọba ihe mbụ - polyphony sub-vocal.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị ihe ncheta ederede a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na-egosi akụkọ ntolite nke G., akara nke mmalite heterophonic nke Nar. polyphony, n'ọkwa dị ukwuu ma ọ bụ nke nta, ka echekwara ebe niile. E gosiputara nke a site na ma ihe atụ nke polyphony oge ochie na bunks ochie. songs nke mba nke West. Europe:

Ihe atụ organum sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Musica enchiriadis" nke ekwuru na Huqbald. ("Nduzi maka egwu").

Egwu egwu nke narị afọ nke 13. Site na nchịkọta XI Moser "Tцnende Altertmer".

Abụ ndị Lithuania "Aust ausrelй, tek saulelй" ("Ututu na-arụsi ọrụ ike, anyanwụ na-awa"). Site n'akwụkwọ J. Čiurlionite "Lithuanian Folk Song Creation". 1966.

N'ọtụtụ nlele, Nar. Polyphony Western-European. mba ebe, n'ozuzu, akara G. tụnyere ndị Slav. na ọwụwa anyanwụ. obere omenala, nchikota nke improvisation na n'ụzọ nke okwu ahọrọ site omume, karịsịa na nke kpebisiri ike site na ngalaba. ndị obodo kwụ ọtọ, nwere ezi omume kwupụta dissonance na nkwenye. N'ihi na ọtụtụ omenala e ji unison (octave) ọgwụgwụ, yiri mmegharị nke olu (atọ, anọ na ise), predominance nke synchronism na pronunciation nke okwu.

egwu ndị Russia "Ivan gbadara". Site na nchịkọta "abụ abụ ndị Russia nke Pomorie". SN Kondratiev gbakọtara. 1966.

A na-ahụkwa ụkpụrụ heterophonic n'ọdịnala egwu ndị mmadụ, ebe ụda abụọ na atọ erutela nnukwu polyphony. N'ime usoro igbu egbu, a na-ahụkarị nkewa nke ndị otu n'otu n'otu, na-emepụta oge na-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke votu.

Mma “agba” osn. abụ ọma na instr. nkwado bụ njirimara G. nke ndị Arab na North. Africa. Devitions si na isi abụ olu (na nchikota na iche iche pulite nke polyphony) na-esite na arụmọrụ nke abụ olu ụtọ pl. Ngwa, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha dịgasị iche iche egwu dị na ya kasị àgwà n'ụzọ nke ịrụ ọrụ na ofu aesthetic ụkpụrụ, na-etolite ndabere nke gamelan music na Indonesia (lee ndetu atụ).

Akụkụ sitere na egwu maka gamelan. Site n'akwụkwọ R. Batka "Geschichte der Musik".

Nchọpụta dị iche. nar. omenala music na nlezianya na-amụ na-emepụta ihe site composers nke samples nke nar. nka, gụnyere ọdịnala nke polyphony, dugara n'ịba ụba nke egwu ha na ụdị mmekọrịta olu heterophonic. A na-ahụ ihe atụ nke polyphony dị otú ahụ na Western Europe. na Russian oge ochie, Soviet oge a na ndị mba ọzọ dere.

References: Melgunov Yu., Russian songs, dere kpọmkwem banyere olu ndị mmadụ, vol. 1-2, M. - St. Petersburg, 1879-85; Skrebkov S., Polyphonic analysis, M., 1940; Tyulin. Yu., Na mmalite na mmepe nke nkwekọrịta na egwu ndị mmadụ, na: Essays on Theoretical Musicology, ed. Yu. Tyulin na A. Butsky. L., 1959; Bershadskaya T., Isi ihe mejupụtara ụkpụrụ nke polyphony nke Russian folk peasant song, L., 1961; Grigoriev S. na Mueller T., Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke polyphony, M., 1961.

TF Müller