Reinhold Moritsevich Glière |

Reinhold Gliere

Gliere. Prelude (ndị egwu egwu T. Beecham duziri)

Gliere! Roses asaa nke Peasia m, Odalisques asaa nke ubi m, afa onye nwe Musikia, I ghọrọ abalị abalị asaa. Vyach. Ivanov

Mgbe Great October Socialist Revolution mere, Gliere, onye bụbu onye a ma ama na-ede egwú, onye nkụzi na onye nduzi n'oge ahụ, malitere itinye aka ozugbo n'ọrụ nke iwulite omenala egwú Soviet. Onye nnọchiteanya nke obere nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Russia nke ndị na-ede egwú, nwa akwụkwọ nke S. Taneyev, A. Arensky, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, na ọrụ ya dịgasị iche iche, o mere njikọ dị ndụ n'etiti egwu Soviet na omenala ndị kasị baa ọgaranya na ahụmahụ nkà nke oge gara aga. . Glier dere banyere onwe ya, "Enweghị m n'okirikiri ma ọ bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ bụla," ma ọrụ ya na-echetara aha M. Glinka, A. Borodin, A. Glazunov n'ihi myirịta na echiche nke ụwa, nke na-egosi na-egbuke egbuke na Glier , kwekọrọ, dum. “Ana m ewere ya dị ka mpụ igosipụta mmetụta ọjọọ m n’egwú,” ka onye dere ya kwuru.

Ihe nketa okike nke Gliere buru ibu ma dị iche iche: operas 5, ballet 6, symphonies 3, ihe egwu egwu 4, egwu maka igwe brass, maka otu egwu egwu nke ngwa ọdịnala, mkpokọta ụlọ, mpekere ngwa, piano na ụda olu maka ụmụaka, egwu maka ihe nkiri. na sinima.

Malite na-amụ music megide uche nke nne na nna ya, Reinhold site n'ịrụsi ọrụ ike gosipụtara ikike nke ọkacha mmasị ya art na mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ọmụmụ na Kiev Musical College na 1894 ọ banyere Moscow Conservatory na klas nke violin, na mgbe ahụ mejupụtara. “… Ọ dịghị onye rụtụrụla m ọrụ ike na klas dị ka Gliere,” Taneyev degaara Arensky. Ma ọ bụghị naanị na klas. Gliere mụrụ ọrụ ndị edemede Russia, akwụkwọ gbasara nkà ihe ọmụma, nkà mmụta uche, akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma nwee mmasị na nchọpụta sayensị. N'ịbụ ndị na-adịghị afọ ojuju na N'ezie, ọ na-amụ oge ochie music n'onwe ya, na-aga egwú mgbede, ebe o zutere S. Rachmaninov, A. Goldenweiser na ndị ọzọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Russian music. “A mụrụ m na Kyiv, na Moscow ahụrụ m ìhè ime mmụọ na ìhè nke obi…” Gliere dere banyere oge ndụ ya a.

Ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ a kpagburu onwe ya ahapụghị oge maka ntụrụndụ, Gliere agbasighịkwa mbọ ike maka ha. Ọ dị m ka ọ bụ ụdị cracker… enweghị ike izukọta ebe na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ mmanya, na-eri nri ..." O wutere ya igbufu oge na ụdị egwuregwu ahụ, o kwenyere na mmadụ kwesịrị ịgbalịsi ike maka izu okè, nke a na-enweta site na ya. na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ya mere ị ga-achọ "ga-esi ike ma ghọọ ígwè. Agbanyeghị, Glier abụghị “cracker”. O nwere obi oma, obi uto, nkpuru obi uri.

Gliere gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Conservatoire na 1900 site na nrite ọla edo, ebe ọ bụ n'oge ahụ onye dere ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara ụlọ na Symphony Mbụ. N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ na-ede ọtụtụ ihe na ụdị dị iche iche. Ihe kacha pụta ìhè bụ Symphony nke atọ "Ilya Muromets" (1911), nke L. Stokowski degaara onye edemede banyere ya, sị: "Echere m na ị na-eji egwu egwu a mee ihe ncheta maka omenala Slav - egwu nke na-egosipụta ike nke Russian. ndị mmadụ." Ozugbo Gliere gụsịrị akwụkwọ na conservatory, ọ malitere izi ihe. Ebe ọ bụ na 1900, ọ kụziiri klas nke nkwekọ na akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma (nke ahụ bụ aha nke ogologo N'ezie na analysis nke ụdị, nke gụnyere polyphony na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke music) na music ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Gnessin sisters; n'oge okpomọkụ ọnwa nke 1902 na 1903. kwadebere Seryozha Prokofiev maka mbanye na conservatory, mụọ N. Myaskovsky.

Na 1913, a kpọrọ Gliere dị ka prọfesọ nke mejupụtara na Kyiv Conservatory, na otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị ghọrọ ya director. Ndị na-ede egwú Ukraine a ma ama L. Revutsky, B. Lyatoshinsky gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru nduzi ya. Glner jisiri ike dọta ndị na-egwu egwu dị ka F. Blumenfeld, G. Neuhaus, B. Yavorsky ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa. Na mgbakwunye na ịmụ ihe na ndị na-ede egwú, ọ na-eduzi ìgwè ndị egwú, ndị na-eduzi opera, orchestral, ụlọ klas, na-ekere òkè na egwu nke RMS, na-eme njem nlegharị anya nke ọtụtụ ndị egwú a ma ama na Kyiv - S. Koussevitzky, J. Heifets, S. Rachmaninov, S. Prokofiev, A. Grechaninov. Na 1920 Gliere kwagara Moscow, ebe ruo 1941 ọ kụziiri ihe mejupụtara na Moscow Conservatory. Ọ zụrụ ọtụtụ ndị Soviet composers na musicologists, gụnyere AN Aleksandrov, B. Aleksandrov, A. Davidenko, L. Knipper, A. Khachaturian… n'agbanyeghị ihe ị na-ajụ, ọ tụgharịrị ịbụ nwa akwụkwọ nke Glier - ma kpọmkwem, ma ọ bụ nwa nwa.

na Moscow na 20s. Ihe omume mmụta nwere akụkụ dị iche iche nke Glier malitere. Ọ duru ndị na-ahazi ihe nkiri ọha, na-elekọta ógbè ụmụaka, bụ́ ebe ọ na-akụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ka ha na-abụ abụ n’òtù ukwe, soro ha mee ihe ngosi, ma ọ bụ nanị ịkọ akụkọ ifo, na-eme ka piano dị mma. N'otu oge ahụ, ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Gliere duziri okirikiri ukwe ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Communist nke Ndị Na-arụ Ọrụ nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa, bụ́ nke wetara ya ọtụtụ echiche doro anya dị ka onye na-ede egwú.

Ntụnye Gliere nyere n'ịhazi egwú ndị ọkachamara na mba Soviet—Ukraine, Azerbaijan, na Uzbekistan—dị mkpa karịsịa. Malite n’oge ọ bụ nwata, o gosiri mmasị n’egwú ndị mmadụ nke mba dị iche iche: “Ihe oyiyi ndị a na ụda egwú ndị a bụụrụ m ụzọ nkà kasị mma e si egosipụta echiche na mmetụta m.” Nke mbụ bụ ịmara egwu Ukraine, bụ́ nke ọ gụrụ ọtụtụ afọ. Ihe si na nke a pụta bụ ihe osise symphonic The Cossacks (1921), abụ abụ Zapovit (1941), ballet Taras Bulba (1952).

N'afọ 1923, Gliere natara akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù site n'aka ndị Commissariat of Education nke AzSSR ka ọ bịa Baku wee dee opera na isiokwu mba. Ihe okike sitere na njem a bụ opera "Shahsenem", nke e mere na Azerbaijan Opera na Ballet Theatre na 1927. Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara akụkọ ifo Uzbek n'oge nkwadebe nke afọ iri nke nkà Uzbek na Tashkent dugara n'ichepụta nke overture "Ferghana Holiday. " (1940) na mmekorita ya na T. Sadykov operas "Leyli na Majnun" (1940) na "Gyulsara" (1949). Na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị a, Gliere bịara kwenye na ọ dị mkpa iji chekwaa mmalite nke omenala mba, na-achọ ụzọ isi jikọta ha. Edebere echiche a na "Ezigbo Overture" (1937), nke e wuru na Russian, Ukrainian, Azerbaijani, Uzbek melodies, na overtures "On Slavic Folk Themes" na "Enyi na Ndị Mmadụ" (1941).

Ihe dị mkpa bụ uru nke Gliere na nhazi nke ballet Soviet. Ihe omume pụtara ìhè na nkà Soviet bụ ballet "Red Poppy". ("Uhie Uhie"), e mere na Bolshoi Theatre na 1927. Ọ bụ ballet mbụ Soviet na isiokwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, na-ekwu banyere ọbụbụenyi dị n'etiti ndị Soviet na ndị China. Ọrụ ọzọ dị ịrịba ama na ụdị a bụ ballet "Bronze Horseman" nke dabeere na uri nke A. Pushkin, nke e mere na 1949 na Leningrad. The "Hymn to the Great City", nke mechiri ballet a, ghọrọ ewu ewu ozugbo.

Na nkera nke abụọ nke 30s. Gliere buru ụzọ tụgharịa gaa na ụdị egwu egwu ahụ. Na concertos ya maka ụbọ akwara (1938), maka cello (1946), maka mpi (1951), a na-akọwapụta ohere nke onye soloist n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'otu oge ahụ a na-echekwa ịdị mma na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi dị n'ụdị ahụ. Mana ezigbo nka bụ Concerto maka olu (coloratura soprano) na ndị egwu egwu (1943) - ọrụ kacha nwee obi eziokwu na ịma mma nke onye dere ya. Ihe omume nke arụmọrụ egwu n'ozuzu bụ ihe okike maka Gliere, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ dịka onye nduzi na onye pianist. Arụmọrụ gara n'ihu ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ ya (nke ikpeazụ mere ụbọchị 24 tupu ọnwụ ya), mgbe Glier họọrọ ịga njem na nkuku kacha dịpụrụ adịpụ nke mba ahụ, na-aghọta nke a dị ka ozi mmụta dị mkpa. "... Onye na-ede egwú kwesịrị ịmụ akwụkwọ ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị ya, meziwanye nkà ya, ịzụlite na ime ka echiche ụwa ya dịkwuo mma, na-aga n'ihu na n'ihu." Okwu ndị a Glier dere na njedebe nke ọrụ ya. Ha duziri ndụ ya.

O. Averyanova

Ngwakọta:

opera – opera-oratorio Earth and Sky (mgbe J. Byron, 1900 gasịrị), Shahsenem (1923-25, mebere 1927 na Russian, Baku; mbipụta nke abụọ 2, na Azerbaijani, Azerbaijan Opera Theater na ballet, Baku), Leyli na Majnun (dabere na ya. na uri nke A. Navoi, onye na-ede akwụkwọ T. Sadykov, 1934, Uzbek Opera na Ballet Theatre, Tashkent), Gyulsara (onye na-ede akwụkwọ T. Sadykov, staged 1940, ibid), Rachel (mgbe H. Maupassant gasịrị, nsụgharị ikpeazụ). 1949, ndị na-ese ihe nkiri nke Opera na Dramatic Theatre aha ya bụ K. Stanislavsky, Moscow); ejije egwu - Gulsara (ederede nke K. Yashen na M. Mukhamedov, egwu nke T. Jalilov dere, nke T. Sadykov dere, nke G. nhazi na nhazi nke G., post 1936, Tashkent); ballet – Chrysis (1912, International Theatre, Moscow), Cleopatra (Egypt Nights, mgbe AS Pushkin, 1926, Musical Studio nke Art Ụlọ ihe nkiri, Moscow), Red Poppy (ebe 1957 - Red Flower, post. 1927, Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri , Moscow; 2nd ed., post. 1949, Leningrad Opera na Ballet Theatre), Comedians (Daughter of People, dabere na egwuregwu "Fuente Ovehuna" nke Lope de Vega, 1931, Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri, Moscow; 2nd ed. n'okpuru aha Ada nke Castile, 1955, Stanislavsky na Nemirovich-Danchenko Musical Theatre, Moscow), Bronze Horseman (dabere na uri AS Pushkin, 1949, Leningrad Opera na Ballet Theatre; USSR State Pr., 1950), Taras Bulba (dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. nke NV Gogol, op. 1951-52); cantata Ebube diri ndị agha Soviet (1953); maka orchestra - 3 egwu egwu (1899-1900; 2nd - 1907; 3rd - Ilya Muromets, 1909-11); uri egwu – Sirens (1908; Glinkinskaya pr., 1908), Zapovit (na ebe nchekwa nke TG Shevchenko, 1939-41); overtures - Mkpebi dị egwu (Na ncheta 20th nke Ọktoba, 1937), ezumike Fergana (1940), Overture on Slavic folk themes (1941), Enyi nke ndị mmadụ (1941), Mmeri (1944-45); akara. foto nke Cossacks (1921); concerts na ndị egwú – maka ụbọ akwara (1938), maka olu (1943; Prospect of the USSR, 1946), maka wc. (1947), maka mpi (1951); maka eriri ọla - Na ezumike nke Comintern (Fantasy, 1924), March nke Red Army (1924), 25 afọ nke Red Army (overture, 1943); maka orc. nar. ngwá ọrụ - Fantasy Symphony (1943); ụlọ ngwá ọrụ orc. mmepụta - 3 sextets (1898, 1904, 1905 - Glinkinskaya pr., 1905); 4 quartets (1899, 1905, 1928, 1946 - Mba 4, USSR State Pr., 1948); maka piano - Egwuregwu 150, gụnyere. Egwuregwu ụmụaka 12 nke isi ike ọkara (1907), 24 njirimara ejije maka ntorobịa (akwụkwọ 4, 1908), egwuregwu 8 dị mfe (1909), wdg; maka violin, gụnyere. 12 duets maka 2 skr. (1909); maka cello - ihe karịrị egwuregwu 70, gụnyere. 12 akwụkwọ si na album (1910); romances na egwu - Ọ DỊ MMA. 150; egwu maka ngosi ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri.