Grzegorz Fitelberg |
Grzegorz Fitelberg
Onye na-ese ihe a bụ otu n'ime ebe ndị a ma ama na omenala egwu Polish nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. Egwu Polish ji Grzegorz Fitelberg ụgwọ dị ukwuu maka nnabata ya, ntinye ya na ọkwa egwu nke ụwa niile.
Nna nke onye na-ese ihe n'ọdịnihu - Grzegorz Fitelberg Sr. - bụ onye nduzi agha na, ebe ọ chọtara talent pụrụ iche n'ime nwa ya nwoke, o zigara ya na Warsaw Music Institute mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ. Fitelberg gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1896 na klas violin nke S. Bartsevich na na klas nke mejupụtara 3. Noskovsky, mgbe ọ natara I. Paderevsky Prize maka violin sonata. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ concertmaster nke Warsaw Opera House Orchestra, na mgbe e mesịrị nke Philharmonic. Na nke ikpeazụ ya, o mere mpụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nduzi na 1904, afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị malite ọrụ onye nduzi oge nile.
N'oge a, Fitelberg enweelarị ama ama dị ka onye na-ede egwú na-adọrọ mmasị, onye edemede nke abụọ symphonies, symphonic poems (gụnyere egwu banyere Falcon nke M. Gorky), ụlọ na ụda olu. Ya na ndị na-agụ egwú Polish na-aga n'ihu - M. Karlovich, K. Shimanovsky, L. Ruzhitsky, A. Sheluta - ọ bụ onye nhazi nke ọha Poland na-eto eto, bụ nke chọrọ ịkwalite egwu mba ọhụrụ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Fitelberg mechara hapụ ihe mejupụtara ya iji rụọ ọrụ a na nka nka.
Ka ọ na-erule afọ iri nke abụọ nke narị afọ anyị, onye nduzi Fitelberg na-enweta nkwanye ùgwù. Ọ na-eme njem mbụ ya na Warsaw Philharmonic, na-eduzi na Vienna Court Opera na na concerts nke Society of Friends of Music, na-enye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke concerts na mbụ ememme Polish music na Krakow. Onye na-ese ihe na-etinye oge dị ogologo na Russia - site na 1914 ruo 1921. Ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Pavlovsky, na-eduzi Orchestra Symphony State, na-eduzi ihe nkiri na Mariinsky na Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri.
Fitelberg ejirila oke ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na ike rụọ ọrụ kemgbe ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya. Na 1925-1934, ọ na-eduzi Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra, na mgbe ahụ haziri ya otu - Polish Radio Orchestra, nke ugbua na 1927 e nyere a gold nrite na World ngosi na Paris. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, onye na-ese ihe na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile na Warsaw Opera, na-eme njem ogologo oge na Europe, North na South America, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-enye egwu, kamakwa na-eduzi opera na ballet. Ya mere, na 1924, o guzoro na podium nke S. Diaghilev's Russian Ballet, na na 1922 o mere ihe ngosi nke Stravinsky's Mavra na Grand Opera na Paris. Fitelberg gara leta USSR ugboro ugboro, ebe nkà ya nwere ịhụnanya dị ukwuu maka ndị na-ege ntị. “Nzukọ ọhụrụ ọ bụla anyị na ya na-enwe na-amasị ya n'ụzọ ọhụrụ. Nke a bụ nna ukwu nke nnukwu, n'agbanyeghị oke iwe, onye nhazi ihe egwu nke egwu egwu, nwere ike idobe ya n'atụmatụ ọrụ ya nke nwere echiche na nke miri emi, "A. Goldenweiser dere banyere ya.
Onye mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri nke ọtụtụ ndị enyi ya na obodo Poland na-eto eto, o nyekwara ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na mba ọzọ, bụ nke Szymanowski, Karlovich, Ruzhitsky, na ndị na-eto eto dere mmemme nke Szymanowski. Palester, Perkovsky, Kondratsky na ndị ọzọ. Szymanowski a ma ama n'ụwa niile bụ n'ihi na Fitelberg si n'ike mmụọ nsọ na arụrụ ọrụ egwu ya enweghị atụ. N'otu oge ahụ, Fitelberg mere onwe ya onye a ma ama dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu magburu onwe ya nke ọrụ nke ndị na-ede egwú na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX - Ravel, Roussel, Hindemith, Milhaud, Honegger na ndị ọzọ. N'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ, onye nduzi ahụ na-arụkwa egwu egwu Russia mgbe niile, karịsịa Scriabin, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky; n'okpuru nduzi ya, D. Shostakovich's First Symphony bụ nke mbụ mere na Poland.
Ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ ya, Fitelberg tinyere ikike ya niile n'ijere nka nka obodo ya. Naanị n'ime afọ ndị Nazi na-achị, a manyere ya ịhapụ Poland ma nye egwu na Netherlands, England, Portugal, USA, na South America. N'ịlaghachi n'ala nna ya na 1947, onye na-ese ihe duuru Polish Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra na Katowice, kụziri na Warsaw Conservatory, na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu na ndị na-egwu egwú na-amu amu, ma sonye n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ ọha. Enyere Fitelberg onyinye kacha elu na ihe nrite nke Polish People's Republic.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
