Otar Vasilyevich Taktakishvili |

Otar Taktakishvili

Ike nke ugwu, mmegharị ngwa ngwa nke osimiri, ifuru nke ọdịdị mara mma nke Georgia na amamihe ochie nke ndị bi na narị afọ - ihe a nile ji ịhụnanya tinye n'ọrụ ya site n'aka onye na-ede egwú Georgian bụ O. Taktakishvili. Dabere n'ọdịnala nke egwu egwu egwu Georgian na Russia (karịsịa, na ọrụ nke onye nchoputa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ mba nke onye na-ede egwú Z. Paliashvili), Taktakishvili kere ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị etinyere na ego ọla edo nke omenala mba Soviet.

Taktakishvili tolitere na ezinụlọ egwu. A gụrụ akwụkwọ na Tbilisi Conservatory na klas nke Prọfesọ S. Barkhudaryan. Ọ bụ n'ime afọ ndị nchekwa na nkà nke onye na-eto eto na-eto eto malitere ngwa ngwa, onye aha ya bụ onye a ma ama na Georgia. Onye na-eto eto na-ede egwú dere abụ, bụ nke a ghọtara dị ka nke kacha mma na asọmpi Republic ma kwadoro dị ka National Anthem nke Georgian SSR. Mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ (1947-50), akwụsịghị njikọ ya na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa. Kemgbe 1952, Taktakishvili na-akụzi polyphony na ngwá ọrụ n'ebe ahụ, na 1962-65. - ọ bụ rector, na ebe ọ bụ na 1966 - prọfesọ na klas nke mejupụtara.

Ọrụ ndị e mepụtara n'ime afọ nke ọmụmụ na ruo etiti 50s gosipụtara njiri mara mma nke onye odee akwụkwọ na-amịpụta nke ọdịnala ịhụnanya oge gboo. 2 symphonies, the First Piano Concerto, the symphonic poem "Mtsyri" - ndị a bụ ọrụ nke ihe oyiyi na ụfọdụ ụzọ okwu e ji mara nke egwu nke romantics na kwekọrọ na ihunanya afọ nke onye edemede ha na-egosipụta ruo n'ókè kasị ukwuu. .

Ebe ọ bụ na etiti 50s. Taktakishvili na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ọhịa nke egwu ụda olu ụlọ. Usoro ụda olu nke afọ ndị ahụ ghọrọ ụlọ nyocha ihe okike nke onye na-egwu egwu: n'ime ha ọ na-achọ ụda olu ya, ụdị nke ya, nke ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke opera na oratorio ya. Ọtụtụ ihunanya n'amaokwu nke ndị na-ede uri Georgian V. Pshavela, I. Abashidze, S. Chikovani, G. Tabidze bụ ndị Taktakishvili mechara tinye n'ọrụ olu na egwu egwu.

opera "Mindiya" (1960), nke e dere dabere na uri V. Pshavela, ghọrọ ihe dị ịrịba ama na ụzọ okike nke onye dere ya. Kemgbe ahụ, na ọrụ Taktakishvili, a na-eme atụmatụ ntụgharị na ụdị isi - operas na oratorios, na n'ọhịa nke egwu egwu - na egwu egwu. Ọ bụ n'ụdị ndị a ka egosipụtara ihe kacha sie ike na nke izizi nke nkà ihe okike nke onye dere ya. Opera "Mindiya", nke dabeere na akụkọ banyere nwa okorobịa Mindni, nke nwere ikike ịghọta olu nke okike, gosipụtara n'ụzọ zuru ezu àgwà niile nke Taktakishvili onye na-ede egwuregwu: ikike ịmepụta ihe nkiri egwu egwu, na-egosi mmepe nke uche ha. , ma wuo ihe nkiri dị mgbagwoju anya. Emere "Mindiya" nke ọma n'ọtụtụ ụlọ opera na mba anyị na mba ọzọ.

2 operas na-esote nke Taktakishvili - triptych "Ndụ atọ" (1967), nke e kere na ndabere nke ọrụ M. Javakhishvili na G. Tabidze, na "The Abduction of the Moon" (1976) dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ K. Gamsakhurdia - kọọ banyere ndụ ndị Georgian n'oge tupu mgbanwe mgbanwe na n'oge mbụ mgbanwe mgbanwe. N'ime afọ 70. E mekwara opera egwu egwu 2, na-ekpughe akụkụ ọhụrụ nke talent Taktakishvili - egwu egwu na ọchị dị mma. Ndị a bụ "Enyi nwoke ahụ" gbadoro ụkwụ na obere akụkọ nke M. Javakhishvili na "Eccentrics" ("Ịhụnanya Mbụ") dabere na akụkọ R. Gabriadze.

Ọdịdị ala nna na nka ndị mmadụ, onyonyo akụkọ ihe mere eme na akwụkwọ akụkọ Georgian bụ isiokwu nke nnukwu olu na egwu egwu Taktakishvili - oratorios na cantatas. Oratorios abụọ kacha mma nke Taktakishvili, "Iso nzọụkwụ Rustaveli" na "Nikoloz Baratashvili", nwere ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ onwe ha. N'ime ha, onye na-ede egwú na-atụgharị uche n'ọnọdụ nke ndị na-ede uri, ọrụ ha. N'ime obi oratorio Na nzọ ụkwụ nke "Rustaveli" (1963) bụ okirikiri uri nke I. Abashidze. Ndepụta okwu nke ọrụ ahụ bụ "Solemn Chants" na-akọwa isi ụdị ihe oyiyi egwu egwu - nke a na-abụ abụ, otuto onye na-ede uri Georgia na akụkọ banyere ọdachi ya. The oratorio Nikoloz Baratashvili (1970), nke raara nye onye na-ede uri ihunanya Georgian nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, gụnyere ebumnobi nke ndakpọ olileanya, monologues na-akpali akpali, na ọsọ ọsọ nnwere onwe. Ọdịnala akụkọ ifo bụ nke ọhụrụ na nke na-egbukepụ egbukepụ na Taktakishvili's vocal-symphonic triptych - "Egwu Gurian", "Egwu Mingrelian", "abụ abụ ụwa nke Georgia". N'ime ihe ndị a, a na-eji usoro egwu egwu ochie nke Georgia mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, onye na-ede egwú dere oratorio "Site na ubre nke Tsereteli", usoro egwu egwu "Kartala tunes".

Taktakishvili dere ọtụtụ egwu egwu. Ọ bụ onye dere ihe egwu anọ maka piano, abụọ maka violin, otu maka cello. Egwu Chamber (Quartet, Piano Quintet, Piano Trio), na egwu maka sinima na ihe nkiri (Oedipus Rex na S. Rustaveli Theatre na Tbilisi, Antigone na I. Franko Theatre na Kyiv, "Akụkọ Winter" na Moscow Art Theater) .

Taktakishvili na-emekarị dị ka onye na-eduzi ọrụ nke ya (ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ngosi ya bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ), dị ka onye edemede nke na-emetụ aka na nsogbu siri ike nke ihe okike nke onye na-ede egwú, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ na nkà ọkachamara, na agụmakwụkwọ egwú. Ogologo ọrụ dị ka Minister nke Culture nke Georgian SSR, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Union of Composers nke USSR na Georgia, nnọchiteanya na ndị juri nke niile-Union na mba asọmpi - ndị a niile bụ akụkụ nke ọrụ ọha na eze nke onye na-ede egwú Otar. Taktakishvili, nke ọ raara nye ndị mmadụ, na-ekwenye na "ọ dịghị ọrụ dị ùgwù maka onye na-ese ihe karịa ibi ndụ na ịmepụta maka ndị mmadụ, n'aha ndị mmadụ.

V. Cenova