eke frets |

Okwu na-egosi otu nzọụkwụ asaa na-akpachapụ anya diatonic. ụdịdị (lee Diatonic) megidere ụdịdị, gụnyere mgbanwe nke isi. nzọụkwụ, chromatisms, mgbanwe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, obere anụ ahụ na-emegide nkwekọ). N'okpuru N.l. na-apụtakarị frets kwekọrọ na Nar. Europe na n'èzí Europe. music, frets n'etiti narị afọ. monody, Russian ndị ọzọ. ịbụ abụ nzuzo, frets diatonic na Western Europe. na egwu Russian nke oge ọhụrụ (narị afọ 7-17) na n'oge a. egwu. Ndị a bụ ụdịdị (zuru ezu na ezughi oke) nke Aeolian (obere okike), Ionian (isi eke), Dorian, Mixolydian, Phrygian, Lydian, diatonic variables (na ichekwa ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ozuzu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na abụ “The nwa na-eje ije n'akụkụ ọhịa" site na nchịkọta N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov), yana Lokrian dị obere; na N.l. gụnyere anhemitone pentatonic nke ụdị niile. Atụmatụ izugbe N.l. (dị ka IV Sposobin si kwuo):

N.l. nwere agba dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Dorian - nke nwere obere agba na-enwu enwu, Lydian - nwere njirimara emelitere isi igodo, wdg na egwu nke narị afọ 19-20. ndị na-ede egwú (E. Grieg, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Ọ BỤRỤ na Stravinsky, B. Bartok, C. Debussy, na ndị ọzọ) na-ejikarị N.l. na coloristic audio ebumnuche. Yabụ, otu n'ime ikpe nke iji N.l. dị ka a pụrụ iche express. pụtara - na opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia" site Rimsky-Korsakov: juxtaposition nke N. l. na egwu chromatic juputara na mgbanwe na-egosi ọdịiche nke doro anya, dị mfe, nke okike. okwu nke Fevronia na nke na-edoghị anya, gbagọrọ agbagọ, nkebi ahịrịokwu Grishka Kuterma na-adịghị agwụ agwụ.

Na Rimsky-Korsakov. "Akụkọ nke obodo a na-adịghị ahụ anya nke Kitezh na Maiden Fevronia", Act IV.

Otú ọ dị, echiche nke N.l. n'aka. tụọ ọnọdụ. Okwu a bu “eke” (n’echiche izugbe – “eke”, “kwekọrọ na okike”) ebe a pụtara “nyere site n’okike” (cf. “ọnụọgụ okike”, “mpi okike”), emezigharịghị, ọ bụghị arụ (cf. mmegide: "eke" na "artificial" flageolets). Na N.l. diatonicism bụ eke, nke a ghọtara dị ka ụkpụrụ ntọala modal. N'ihi ya, ọdịiche dị na Europe. obere n'etiti “eke”, ọnụ ọgụgụ isi, nke akara igodo normative gosipụtara, yana semitone mmalite “artificial”, nke ejiri ya mee ihe n'usoro, mana ha nhaghị n'ikike na ụda N.l. Ma ọdịiche dị otú ahụ dị irè naanị maka Europe. omenala egwu; Oriental frets na-ebuwanye ibu nke abụọ bụ n'ezie dị ka "eke," ya bụ, eke, dị ka ụdịdị egwu egwu n'ozuzu ya (na ụdịdị ndị mmadụ, ihe niile bụ ihe okike, ihe niile bụ ntọala, na-enweghị akwa na ya). (Lee egwu India.) Site n'echiche a, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịghara ịkọwa N.l., dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnọdụ kwa ụbọchị (GAHcdefgab-c1-d1), nke ụda na-eme ka octave belata (Hb) bụ ihe okike (lee, dịka ọmụmaatụ, solo nke atọ nke onye odeakwụkwọ site na 3nd act of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Night Before Christmas), yana "gbasa chromatism" (okwu AD Kastalsky) na Russian. nar. egwu. N'ihi ya, ohere nke nghọta na nke oge a. 2-nzọụkwụ usoro dị ka eke, ie adịghị metụtara mgbanwe nke ụda nke 12-nzọụkwụ usoro. B. Bartok dere, sị: “Ọmụmụ egwu ndị obodo… dugara m… n'efu ka mwepu nke ọ bụla n'otu n'otu ụda sistemụ ụda iri na abụọ nke chromatic anyị. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ihe na-ezighị ezi ịkpọ usoro a 7-step diatonic, n'ihi na nke a ga-emegide ihe okwu ahụ bụ "diatonic" pụtara.

References: Catuar GL, Usoro nkwekọrịta nke nkwekọrịta, akụkụ 1-2, M., 1924-25; Bartok B. Akụkọ gbasara onwe ya. "Egwu nke Oge A", Nke 7, 1925; Gadzhibekov U., Ihe ndị bụ isi nke egwu ndị Azerbaijan, Baku, 1945, 1957; Kushnarev XS Ajụjụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na tiori nke Armenian monodic music, L., 1958; Belyaev VM, edemede na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu nke ndị USSR, vol. 1-2, M., 1962-63; Verkov VO, Harmony, akụkụ 1-3, M., 1962-1966, 1970; Sposobin IV, Nkuzi gbasara usoro nkwekọ, M., 1969; Tyulin Yu. N., Ụdị okike na mgbanwe, M., 1971; Yusfin AG, Ụfọdụ ajụjụ gbasara ịmụ ụdị egwu dị ụtọ, na mkpokọta: Nsogbu nke ọnọdụ, M., 1972.

Yu. N. Kholopov