Henry Purcell (Henry Purcell) |

Henry Purcell

Purcell. Prelude (Andres Segovia)

… Site na ịma mma ya, ịdị adị na-adịte aka dị otú ahụ, e nwere iyi egwu egwu dị ọhụrụ, nke sitere na obi, otu n'ime enyo kachasị dị ọcha nke mkpụrụ obi Bekee. R. Rollan

"British Orpheus" a na-akpọ H. Purcell dịkọrọ ndụ. Aha ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke English omenala guzo n'akụkụ oké aha W. Shakespeare, J. Byron, C. Dickens. Ọrụ Purcell mepụtara na oge mweghachi, na ikuku nke ime mmụọ, mgbe ọdịnala magburu onwe ya nke nkà Renaissance laghachiri na ndụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, oge ezumike nke ụlọ ihe nkiri, nke a kpagburu n'oge Cromwell); Ụdị ndụ egwu nke onye kwuo uche ya bilitere - egwu egwu akwụ ụgwọ, òtù egwu ụwa, òtù egwú ọhụrụ, ụlọ ekpere, wdg. N'ịbụ onye na-etolite n'ala ọgaranya nke omenala Bekee, na-anakọta omenala egwu kachasị mma nke France na Ịtali, nkà Purcell nọgidere ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke ndị obodo ya naanị ya, nke a na-apụghị iru eru.

A mụrụ Purcell n'ime ezinụlọ nke onye egwu ụlọikpe. Ọmụmụ ihe egwu nke onye na-ede egwú n'ọdịnihu malitere na Royal Chapel, ọ mụtara violin, organ na harpsichord, na-abụ abụ na ukwe, were ihe ọmụmụ sitere na P. Humphrey (prev.) na J. Blow; akwụkwọ ntorobịa ya na-apụta mgbe nile na-ebipụta. Site na 1673 ruo na njedebe nke ndụ ya, Purcell nọ na-eje ozi nke ụlọikpe Charles II. Na-arụ ọtụtụ ọrụ (onye na-ede 24 Violins nke King ensemble, nke e mere na ndị egwu egwu ama ama nke Louis XIV, onye na-ahụ maka Westminster Abbey na Royal Chapel, onye na-agba egwú nke eze), Purcell dere ọtụtụ afọ ndị a niile. Ọrụ onye na-ede egwú ka bụ isi ọrụ ya. Ọrụ kachasị ike, mfu dị arọ (ụmụ nwoke 3 nke Purcell nwụrụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata) mebiri ike nke onye na-ede egwú - ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 36.

Ọkà mmụta ihe okike nke Purcell, bụ onye kere ọrụ nke uru nka kachasị elu na ụdị dị iche iche, gosipụtara nke ọma n'ọhịa nke egwu ihe nkiri. Onye na-ede egwú dere egwu maka ihe nkiri 50. Ebe a kacha adọrọ mmasị nke ọrụ ya na-ejikọta ya na omenala nke ụlọ ihe nkiri mba; karịsịa, na ụdị nkpuchi nke bilitere n'ụlọikpe nke Stuarts na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. (masque bụ arụmọrụ ogbo nke ihe nkiri egwuregwu, mkparịta ụka na ọnụọgụ egwu na-agbanwe). Ịkpọtụrụ ụwa nke ihe nkiri, mmekorita ya na ndị na-ede egwuregwu nwere nkà, na-adọrọ mmasị na atụmatụ dị iche iche na ụdị dị iche iche kpaliri echiche onye na-ede egwú, kpaliri ya ịchọkwu ihe ngosi na nkọwa dị iche iche. Ya mere, ejije The Fairy Queen (nkwagharị n'efu nke Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, onye dere ederede, pref. E. Setl) bụ ihe pụrụ iche nke ihe oyiyi egwu ji mara ya. Allegory na extravaganza, fantasy and high lyrics, folk-genre episodes and buffoonery - ihe niile na-egosipụta na ọnụ ọgụgụ egwu nke arụmọrụ anwansi a. Ọ bụrụ na egwu maka The Tempest (a reworking nke Shakespeare's play) na-abịa na kọntaktị na Italian operatic style, mgbe ahụ, egwu maka Eze Arthur na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya ọdịdị nke mba agwa (na J. Dryden si play, na barbaric omenala nke Saxon. dị iche na ndị ama ama na ịdị njọ nke ndị Britain).

Ọrụ ihe nkiri Purcell, dabere na mmepe na ịdị arọ nke ọnụọgụ egwu, na-eji egwu na-abịarute ma ọ bụ opera ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri n'ezie. Naanị opera nke Purcell n'ụzọ zuru oke, ebe edobere ederede niile nke libretto na egwu, bụ Dido na Aeneas (libretto nke N. Tate dabere na Virgil's Aeneid - 1689). The sharply onye agwa nke lyrical oyiyi, uri, na-emebi emebi, ọkaibe psychological na njikọ ala miri emi na English akụkọ ifo, kwa ụbọchị Genres (ebe nnọkọ nke amoosu, ukwe na egwú nke ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri) – a Nchikota kpebiri kpamkpam pụrụ iche anya nke ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. mbụ English mba opera, otu n'ime ndị kasị mma na-agụ egwú ọrụ. Purcell bu n'obi "Dido" ka ọ ghara ịbụ ndị ọkachamara na-agụ egwú, kama site na ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ. Nke a na-akọwa n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ụlọ nkwakọba ihe nke ụlọ ọrụ - obere ụdị, enweghị akụkụ nke virtuoso dị mgbagwoju anya, nke kachasị mma, ụda dị mma. Aria Dido na-anwụ anwụ, ebe ikpeazụ nke opera, njedebe egwu egwu ya, bụ ihe nchọpụta mara mma nke onye dere ya. Nrube isi n'akara aka, ekpere na mkpesa, iru uju nke ụda nkwuputa na egwu nkwupụta a miri emi. R. Rolland dere, sị: “Otú Dido mere ka ọ dị mma na ọnwụ ya pụrụ ime ka ọrụ a ghara ịnwụ anwụ.

Dabere na ọdịnala kasị baa ọgaranya nke mba choral polyphony, e hiwere ọrụ olu Purcell: abụ ndị gụnyere na mkpokọta ebipụtara mgbe e bipụtachara “British Orpheus”, ndị otu ụdị ọdịnala, ukwe (abụ abụ ime mmụọ nke Bekee na akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ, bụ nke kwadebere oratorios nke GF Handel n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. ), ego odes, cantatas, catches (canons nkịtị na English ndụ), wdg N'ịbụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ na 24 Violins nke Eze ensemble, Purcell hapụrụ ọrụ ebube maka eriri (15 fantasies, Violin Sonata, Chaconne na Pavane maka 4). akụkụ, 5 pawan, wdg). N'okpuru mmetụta nke trio sonatas site n'aka ndị na-ede Italy S. Rossi na G. Vitali, e dere 22 trio sonatas maka violin abụọ, bass na harpsichord. Ọrụ clavier Purcell (suites 8, ihe karịrị iberibe 40 dị iche iche, okirikiri abụọ nke ọdịiche, toccata) mepụtara ọdịnala nke ndị na-amaghị nwoke na Bekee (virginel bụ ụdị ụbọ akwara dị iche iche nke Bekee).

Naanị narị afọ abụọ ka Purcell nwụsịrị ka oge ruru maka mweghachi nke ọrụ ya. Purcell Society, nke tọrọ ntọala na 2, setịpụrụ dị ka ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya nyocha siri ike nke ihe nketa onye na-ede egwú na nkwado nke mbipụta nke nchịkọta ọrụ ya zuru oke. Na narị afọ nke XX. Ndị na-egwu egwu Bekee na-achọ ịdọrọ uche ọha na eze na ọrụ nke onye mbụ ọgụgụ isi nke egwu Russia; Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ ịrụ ọrụ, nyocha, na ihe okike nke B. Britten, onye na-ede egwú Bekee pụtara ìhè bụ onye mere ndokwa maka abụ Purcell, mbipụta ọhụrụ nke Dido, onye kere Variations na Fugue na isiokwu nke Purcell - ihe egwu egwu mara mma, a ụdị ndu na-egwu egwu egwu.

I. Okhalova