George Gershwin |

George Gershwin

Gịnị ka egwu ya na-ekwu? Banyere ndị nkịtị, gbasara ọṅụ na iru uju ha, gbasara ịhụnanya ha, gbasara ndụ ha. Ya mere egwu ya ji bụrụ mba n'ezie… D. Shostakovich

Otu n'ime isiakwụkwọ na-adọrọ mmasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu jikọtara aha onye edemede America na onye pianist J. Gershwin. Nhazi na ọganihu nke ọrụ ya dabara na "Jazz Age" - dịka ọ kpọrọ oge nke 20-30s. Narị afọ nke XNUMX na USA, onye edemede America kachasị ukwuu S. Fitzgerald. Nkà a nwere mmetụta dị mkpa na onye na-ede egwú, bụ onye chọrọ ikwupụta na egwu egwu mmụọ nke oge ya, njirimara njirimara nke ndụ ndị America. Gershwin weere jazz ka egwu ndị mmadụ. "Ana m anụ n'ime ya kalịidoscope egwu America - nnukwu nnukwu ite anyị na-agbapụta,… ndụ ndụ anyị, egwu anyị…" onye dere ya dere.

Nwa nwoke nke si Russia, Gershwin, mụrụ na New York. Oge nwata ya nọ n'otu n'ime mpaghara obodo - East Side, ebe nna ya bụ onye nwe obere ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. N'ịbụ onye na-eme ihe ọjọọ na nke na-eme mkpọtụ, na-achọsi ike na-egwu egwu n'etiti ndị ọgbọ ya, George enyeghị ndị mụrụ ya ihe mere ha ga-eji were onwe ya dị ka nwatakịrị nwere nkà n'ịgụ egwu. Ihe niile gbanwere mgbe m zụtara nwanne m nwoke nke tọrọ m piano. Ihe nkuzi egwu na-adịghị ahụkebe sitere n'aka ndị nkuzi dị iche iche na, nke kachasị mkpa, nnwere onwe ọtụtụ awa nke nkwalite kpebiri nhọrọ ikpeazụ nke Gershwin. Ọrụ ya malitere na ụlọ ahịa egwu nke ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta egwu Remmik na Company. N'ebe a, megidere ọchịchọ nke nne na nna ya, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere ahịa egwu-onye mgbasa ozi. "Kwa ụbọchị n'elekere itoolu, m na-anọdụ ala na piano n'ụlọ ahịa ahụ, na-akpọ egwu ndị a ma ama maka onye ọ bụla bịara..." Gershwin chetara. N'ịbụ ndị na-eme egwu egwu E. Berlin, J. Kern na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ, Gershwin n'onwe ya nwere mmasị n'ịrụ ọrụ okike. Mpụta mbụ nke abụ nke onye egwu dị afọ iri na asatọ na ogbo Broadway bụ akara mmalite nke mmeri nke onye dere ya. N'ime afọ 8 sochirinụ naanị, o kere egwu maka ihe karịrị ihe ngosi 40, nke 16 n'ime ha bụ ezigbo egwu egwu. Ugbua na mmalite 20s. Gershwin bụ otu n'ime ndị na-agụ egwú kachasị ewu ewu na America na Europe. Agbanyeghị, mmụọ okike ya tụgharịrị bụrụ nke siri ike naanị n'ime usoro egwu pop na operetta. Gershwin rọrọ nrọ ịghọ, n'okwu nke aka ya, "ezigbo onye na-ede egwú" bụ onye maara ụdị niile, njupụta nke usoro maka ịmepụta nnukwu ọrụ.

Gershwin anabataghị usoro egwu egwu, na o ji ụgwọ ihe niile ọ rụzuru n'ihe gbasara imepụta onwe ya na nkuzi onwe ya na ịma onwe ya, yana mmasị na-enweghị atụ na egwu egwu kachasị ukwuu n'oge ya. N'ịbụ onye a ma ama n'ụwa na-ede egwú, ọ laghị azụ ịjụ M. Ravel, I. Stravinsky, A. Schoenberg ka ọ mụọ ihe mejupụtara na ngwá ọrụ. Onye pianist virtuoso nke mbụ, Gershwin gara n'ihu na-enweta nkuzi piano site n'aka onye nkuzi America ama ama E. Hutcheson ruo ogologo oge.

N'afọ 1924, otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị mma nke onye na-ede egwú, Rhapsody in the Blues Style, bụ nke e mere maka piano na egwu egwu egwu. Ọ bụ onye edemede ji egwu akụkụ piano. Ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ kpalitere mmasị dị ukwuu na mpaghara egwu America. Ihe ngosi nke "Rhapsody", nke bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma, bịara S. Rachmaninov, F. Kreisler, J. Heifetz, L. Stokowski na ndị ọzọ.

Na-eso "Rhapsody" pụtara: Piano Concerto (1925), orchestral mmemme na-arụ ọrụ "An American in Paris" (1928), nke abụọ Rhapsody maka piano na egwú (1931), "Cuban Overture" (1932). Na ndị a mejupụtara, Nchikota nke omenala Negro jazz, African-American folklore, Broadway pop music na ụdị na genres nke European musical oge ochie hụrụ a zuru ọbara na organic embodiment, na-akọwa isi stylistic atụmatụ nke Gershwin egwu.

Otu n'ime ihe omume dị ịrịba ama maka onye na-ede egwú bụ nleta Europe (1928) na nzukọ ya na M. Ravel, D. Milhaud, J. Auric, F. Poulenc, S. Prokofiev na France, E. Kshenec, A. Berg, F. Lehar, na Kalman na Vienna.

Tinyere egwu symphonic, Gershwin na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na sinima. N'ime afọ 30. ọ na-ebi ogologo oge na California, ebe ọ na-ede egwu maka ọtụtụ fim. N'otu oge ahụ, onye na-ede egwú na-atụgharị ọzọ na ụdị ihe nkiri. Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị e mepụtara n'oge a bụ egwu maka egwu satirical I Sing About You (1931) na Gershwin's Swan Song - opera Porgy na Bess (1935). Egwú nke opera na-ejupụta na nkwupụta, ịma mma nke intonations nke Negro songs, nkọ ọchị, na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna grotesque, na juputara na mbụ mmewere nke jazz.

Ndị nkatọ egwu nke oge a nwere ekele dị ukwuu maka ọrụ Gershwin. Otu n'ime ndị nnọchiteanya ya kasị ukwuu, V. Damrosh, dere, sị: "Ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú na-ejegharị na jazz dị ka nwamba gburugburu nnukwu efere ofe na-ekpo ọkụ, na-eche ka ọ dajụọ ntakịrị ... George Gershwin ... nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ebube. Ọ bụ onye isi nke, na-ewere Cinderella n'aka, kwusara ya n'ihu ọha na ụwa dum dị ka eze nwanyị, na-ewe iwe nke ụmụnne ya nwanyị nwere anyaụfụ.

I. Vetlitsyna