Mbelata |

lat. mbelata; Mbelata German, Verkleinerung; French na Bekee. mbelata; ital. diminuzione

1) Otu dị ka mbelata.

2) Usoro maka ịgbanwe ụda olu, isiokwu, ebumnobi, rhythmic. eserese ma ọ bụ eserese, yana nkwụsịtụ site na iji ụda (nkwụsịtụ) nke obere oge egwuri egwu. Chọpụta U. kpọmkwem, na-enweghị mgbanwe na-emepụtagharị osn. Rhythm na nha kwesịrị ekwesị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmeghe sitere na opera "Ruslan na Lyudmila" nke Glinka, nọmba 28), na-ezighị ezi, na-emepụtaghachi isi. rhythm (isiokwu) nwere rhythmic dị iche iche. ma ọ bụ abụ olu ụtọ. mgbanwe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, aria nke Swan-Bird, No. 11 si na nke abụọ omume nke Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan, nọmba 2), na rhythmic, ma ọ bụ na-abụghị thematic, na krom melodic. A na-echekwa eserese ahụ ma mkpokọta (mmalite nke mmeghe nke opera Sadko site na Rimsky-Korsakov), ma ọ bụ echekwaghị ma ọlị (usoro nke akụkụ akụkụ na U. na mmepe nke 117st ije nke Shostakovich's 1th symphony).

J. Dunstable. Cantus firmus sitere na motet Christe sanctorum decus (ahapụrụ olu ndị agbadoro agbagharị agbagharị).

J. Spataro. Motet.

Mwepụta nke U. (na mmụba) dị ka ngosipụta egwu egwu na nhazi nke teknụzụ pụtara laa azụ n'oge ejiri akara ngosi nke nwoke ma jikọta ya na mmepe nke polyphonic. polyphony. X. Riemann na-egosi na ndị mbụ U. ji motet I. de Muris na tenor. Isorhythmic motet - isi. U.'s akporo na narị afọ nke 14: ugboro ugboro, yiri ostinato, na-eduzi rhythmic. ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ihe ndabere nke egwu. ụdị, na U. bụ n'ezie a muse. usoro nhazi ya mgbe niile (n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ akọwapụtara site na isi arr. ederede). Na motets nke G. de Machaux (Amaro valde, Speravi, Fiat voluntas tua, Ad te suspiramus) rhythmic. A na-emegharị ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na U. oge ọ bụla na-eji egwu ọhụrụ. njuputa; na motets isorhythmic J. Dunstable rhythmic. A na-emegharị ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ (ugboro abụọ, ugboro atọ) na abụ ọhụrụ, mgbe ahụ, a na-emepụtaghachi ihe niile na nchekwa nke abụ. na-eru na otu na ọkara, wee 3-fold U. (lee kọlụm 720). A na-ahụ ụdị ihe a n'ụfọdụ ndị Netherlands. contrapuntalists nke narị afọ nke 15, ebe a na-eme cantus firmus na akụkụ ndị na-esote na U., na abụ abụ a na-ewere maka cantus firmus na njedebe nke ọrụ ahụ. na-ada ụda n'ụdị nke ọ dị na ndụ kwa ụbọchị (lee ihe atụ na Art. Polyphony, ogidi 354-55). Nna-ukwu nke ụdị siri ike jiri usoro W. na nke a na-akpọ. Canons nke mmadụ (nha nhata), ebe olu ndị yiri ya na ụkpụrụ nwere dị iche. oke oge (lee ihe atụ na Art. Canon, kọlụm 692). N'adịghị ka mmụba, U. adịghị etinye aka na mwepu nke polyphonic izugbe. ụda olu ahụ nke ejiri ya mee ihe. Otú ọ dị, U. na-ewepụ olu ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ụda nke ogologo oge kpaliri ya; ya mere, na igwe mmadụ na motets nke narị afọ nke 15-16. ọ bụrụla omenala iso mpụta nke cantus firmus na olu isi (tenor) na nṅomi na olu ndị ọzọ dabere na U. nke otu cantus firmus (lee kọlụm 721).

A na-echekwa usoro nke imegide onye ndu na olu ndị na-ekpo ọkụ karị na-emegide ya ma ọ bụrụhaala na ụdị dị na cantus firmus dị. Nkà a ruru izu okè kachasị elu na egwu JS Bach; hụ, ọmụmaatụ, ya org. nhazi nke chorale "Aus tiefer Not", BWV 686, ebe nkebi ahịrịokwu ọ bụla nke chorale na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ 5 ya. ngosipụta na U., nke mere na a na-emepụta ihe niile na strophic. fugue (olu 6, mkpughe 5; lee ihe atụ na Art. Fugue). Na Ach Gott und Herr, BWV 693, olu niile na-eṅomi bụ okpukpu abụọ na quadruple W. chorale, ntụgharị dum ederede bụ isiokwu:

JS Bach. Nhazi akụkụ akụkụ Choral "Ach Gott und Herr".

Reachercar con. narị afọ nke 16-17 na nso ya tiento, fantasy - mpaghara ebe U. (dị ka a na-achị, na mgbakwunye na mmụba na ntụgharị nke isiokwu) achọtawo ngwa ngwa. W. nyere aka na mmepe nke mmetụta nke instr dị ọcha. mgbanwe nke ụdị na, etinyere na isiokwu ndị dị n'otu n'otu (n'ụzọ dị iche na thematism nke ụdị siri ike), tụgharịrị bụrụ usoro na-egosipụta echiche kachasị mkpa nke ebumnobi mmepe maka egwu nke oge ndị sochirinụ.

Ee. P. Sweelinck. "Chromatic Fantasy" (nke sitere na ngalaba ikpeazụ; isiokwu dị na mbelata okpukpu abụọ na anọ).

Nkọwapụta nkọwapụta nke U. dị ka usoro bụ na, na mgbakwunye na isorhythmic. motet na ụfọdụ op. Narị afọ 20 ọ dịghị ụdị ndị ọzọ ebe ọ ga-abụ ihe ndabere nke mejupụtara. Canon na U. dị ka onye nweere onwe ya. igwu egwu (AK Lyadov, "Canons", Mba 22), zara U. na fugue ("The Art of the Fugue" nke Bach, Contrapunctus VI; hụkwa nchikota dị iche iche na U. na fugue ikpeazụ site na pianoforte quartet, op 20 Taneyev, karịsịa ọnụọgụgụ 170, 172, 184) bụ ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe. U. na-ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ eji na fugue strettas: ọmụmaatụ, na jikoro 26, 28, 30 nke E-dur fugue si 2nd olu nke Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier; na nha 117 nke fugue Fis-dur op. 87 Mba 13 Shostakovich; na mmanya 70 site na njedebe nke concerto maka 2 fp. Stravinsky (nṅomi na-ezighị ezi na mgbanwe nke ụda olu); n'ihe ruru 63 site na ọnọdụ nke mbụ nke omume nke atọ nke opera "Wozzeck" nke Berg (lee ihe atụ na akụkọ Strett). W., usoro nke bụ polyphonic na okike, na-achọta ngwa dị iche iche na-abụghị polyphonic. egwu nke narị afọ nke 1 na nke 3. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, U. bụ otu n'ime ụzọ isi kpalie nhazi na isiokwu, dịka ọmụmaatụ:

SI Taneev. Isiokwu sitere na ngagharị nke atọ nke egwu egwu c-moll.

(Leekwa ogwe mmanya ise izizi nke ikpeazụ nke Beethoven's sonata No. 23 na piano; Okwu mmeghe nke orchestra na Ruslan's aria, No. 8 sitere na Glinka nke Ruslan na Ludmila; Mba. 10, b-moll sitere na Prokofiev's Fleeting, wdg). Ịkpọ ụda olu egwu juru ebe niile. akwa site n'enyemaka nke U. mgbe a na-enye isiokwu ahụ (ụkwe bụ "Achụsasịrị, kpochapuru" n'ebe dị nso na Kromy si na opera Mussorgsky Boris Godunov; ụdị usoro a bụ N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov - 1st omume nke opera The Legend of the Invisible City Kitezh", nọmba 5 na 34, na S. V. Rachmaninov - akụkụ 1 nke uri "Mgbịrịgba", nọmba 12, mgbanwe X na "Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini"), n'oge ntinye ya (obere canon si Berg's violin concerto, mmanya 54; dị ka otu n'ime ihe ngosi nke ihe ngosi nke Paganini). neoclassical nghazi nke ụdị - U. na akụkụ nke anọ nke violin sonata nke K. Karaev, mmanya 13), na njedebe. ma kwubie. ihe owuwu (koodu sitere na mmeghe nke opera Ruslan na Lyudmila nke Glinka; akụkụ nke abụọ nke Rachmaninov's The Bells, nha abụọ ruru ọnụọgụ 2; 52th nke Taneyev's 4th quartet, nọmba 6 na n'ihu; njedebe nke ballet "The Firebird" Stravinsky ). U. dị ka ụzọ isi ngbanwe isiokwu a na-eji na ọdịiche (2nd, 3rd ọdịiche dị na Arietta si Beethoven's 32nd piano sonata; piano etude "Mazeppa" nke Liszt), na mgbanwe ihe owuwu (basso ostinato mgbe ịkwaga na coda nke symphony's finale c- moll Taneyev, nọmba 101), n'ụdị mgbanwe dị iche iche nke opera leitmotifs (ịrụ ọrụ nke égbè eluigwe leitmotif n'ime isiokwu ndị na-esote lyrical na mmalite nke mbụ nke Wagner's opera Valkyrie; na-ekewapụta ihe atụ nke nnụnụ na ihe dị iche iche nke Snow). isiokwu nke mmiri na "Snow Maiden" site Rimsky-Korsakov; a grotesque distortion nke Countess si leitmotif na 1nd idaha nke opera "The Queen nke spades", nọmba 2 na gafere), na ihe atụ mgbanwe nwetara na U.' nsonye nwere ike ịbụ kadinal (ntinye tenor na Tuba mirum si Mozart's Requiem, nha 62; leitmotif na coda nke ikpeazụ nke Rachmaninoff's 18rd symphony, 3th size after number 5; middle movement, number 110, f rom Taneyev's scherzo symphony na c-moll). U. bụ ụzọ dị mkpa nke mmepe na ngalaba na-emepe emepe nke ụdị na mmepe sonata nke narị afọ nke 19 na 20. U. na mmepe nke overture na Wagner's Nuremberg Mastersingers (bar 122; fugato triple, mmanya 138) bụ ịkwa emo na-atọ ụtọ nke mmụta enweghị isi (agbanyeghị, nchikota isiokwu na U. na Ogwe 158, 166 bụ ihe nnọchianya nke ikike, nka). Na mmepe nke akụkụ 1st nke 2 fp. Ihe nkiri Rachmaninov U. A na-eji isiokwu nke isi oriri mee ihe dị ka ngwá ọrụ na-eme mgbanwe (nọmba 9). Na mmepụta D. D. Shostakovich U. A na-eji ya dị ka ngwa nkwuwa okwu dị nkọ (nṅomi na isiokwu nke akụkụ akụkụ na 1st nke 5th symphony, nọmba 22 na 24; n'otu ebe na njedebe, nọmba 32; Ostinato Canon na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na ụda nke leitmotif na 2-th akụkụ nke 8th quartet, nọmba 23; akụkụ 1st nke 8th symphony bụ ezighi ezi U.

Ọ BỤRỤ na Stravinsky. “Ihe nnọchianya nke Abụ Ọma”, mmegharị nke mbụ (mmalite nkwụghachi azụ).

U. nwere nkwuputa bara ụba. ma gosi. ohere. "nnukwu ụda" sitere na Mussorgsky's "Boris Godunov" (mgbanwe nke nkwekọ site na ịkụ aka, ọkara otu ihe, nkeji iri na ise) bụ ihe pụrụ iche pụrụ iche. Ihe onyonyo nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-ahụ anya (Sigmund's Notung, gbajiri n'ike megide ube Wotan) pụtara na ọnọdụ nke ise site na omume nke abụọ nke Wagner's Valkyrie. Ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke polyphony ụda na-ahụ anya bụ fugato nke na-egosi oke ọhịa dị n'ime obodo nke atọ nke Rimsky-Korsakov "The Snow Maiden" (ụdị dị iche iche nke isiokwu anọ, nọmba 5). A na-eji usoro yiri nke ahụ mee ihe na onye nzuzu Grishka Kuterma na 2nd scene nke 3rd omume. "Akụkọ nke obodo a na-adịghị ahụ anya nke Kitezh" (mmegharị na ụzọ asatọ, atọ, iri na isii, nọmba 253). N'ime koodu akara, uri Rachmaninoff "Isle of the Dead" jikọtara ụdị ise nke Dies irae (ogwe 2 mgbe ọnụọgụgụ 3 gasịrị).

Na egwu nke narị afọ nke 20 echiche nke W. na-abanyekarị n'echiche nke ọganihu na-ebelata; Nke a na-emetụta n'ụzọ bụ isi na rhythmic. isiokwu nzukọ. Enwere ike ịgbatị ụkpụrụ nke U. ma ọ bụ aga n'ihu na ụfọdụ ọrụ serial na nhazi nke ngwaahịa dum. ma ọ bụ pụtara. akụkụ ya (1st nke 6 iberibe maka ụbọ akwara na eriri, quartet op. 16 nke Ledenev). Nchikota ejirila ogologo oge nke isiokwu na asụsụ ya na ọrụ nke narị afọ nke 20. a na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ usoro nke ijikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị yiri ya, mgbe nkwekọ mejupụtara ụda nke otu ụda olu ụtọ-rhythmic n'oge dị iche iche. ntụgharị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, "Petrushka" nke Stravinsky, nọmba 3).

A na-eji usoro a eme ihe na eletoric akụkụ, ebe ndị na-eme ihe na-emeziwanye ụda ndị e nyere, nke ọ bụla n'otu ntabi anya (ụfọdụ ọrụ V. Lutoslavsky). O. Messiaen mụrụ ụdị nke U. wee mụbaa (lee akwụkwọ ya "The Technique of My Musical Language"; lee ihe atụ na Art. Increase).

References: hụ na Art. Mmụba.

VP Frayonov