Kurt Weill |

Kurt nke ọma

Amụrụ na March 2, 1900 na Dessau (Germany). Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Berlin Higher School of Music na Humperdinck, na 1921-1924. bụ nwa akwụkwọ Ferruccio Busoni. Weill dere ihe odide mbụ ya n'ụdị neoclassical. Ndị a bụ iberibe ndị egwu egwu (“Kvodlibet”, ihe egwu maka violin na ngwa ikuku). Mmalite nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na ndị na-ede egwuregwu German "aka ekpe" (H. Kaiser, B. Brecht) bụ ihe siri ike maka Weill: ọ ghọrọ onye na-ede ihe nkiri nanị. N'afọ 1926, opera Weill dabere na egwuregwu G. Kaiser bụ "Onye Protagonist" na Dresden. N'afọ 1927, n'ememme egwu ụlọ ọhụrụ na Baden-Baden, ihe ngosi na-akpali akpali nke ihe osise egwu "Mahogany" na ederede Brecht mere n'afọ sochirinụ, n'afọ na-esote, opera otu ihe nkiri "The Tsar na-ese foto" (H. Kaiser). ) e mere na Leipzig ma n'otu oge ahụ gbagburu Europe niile ama ama "Threepenny Opera" na Berlin ihe nkiri "Na Schifbauerdam", nke e mere n'oge na-adịghị anya ("Threepenny Film"). Tupu ọ pụọ n'ike ya na Germany na 1933, Weill jisiri ike dee ma mee ihe nkiri operas The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (ụdị ihe osise agbatịkwuru), The Guarantee (ederede Caspar Neuer) na Silver Lake (H. Kaiser). ).

Na Paris, Weill dere ballet maka ụlọ ọrụ George Balanchine nke nwere ịbụ abụ nke “Mmehie asaa ahụ na-egbu egbu” dịka edemede Brecht siri dị. Site na 1935, Weill bi na USA wee rụọ ọrụ maka ụlọ ihe nkiri Broadway na New York na ụdị egwu America a hụrụ n'anya. Ọnọdụ ndị ahụ gbanwere mere ka Weill jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka ụda olu ike nke ọrụ ya dị nro. Iberibe ya bịara pụta ìhè n'ihe gbasara ihe ịchọ mma nke mpụta, mana ọ dịchaghị mkpa na ọdịnaya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na ụlọ ihe nkiri New York, n'akụkụ egwuregwu ọhụrụ Weill, e mere Threepenny Opera ọtụtụ narị ugboro na ihe ịga nke ọma.

Otu n'ime ihe nkiri America kachasị ewu ewu site na Weill bụ "A Street Incident" - "opera ndị mmadụ" dabere na egwuregwu nke E. Rice sitere na ndụ ndị ogbenye na New York; The Threepenny Opera, nke mere ụlọ ihe nkiri egwu German nke 20s nke tribune nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nwetara njikọ nke ihe egwu "okporo ámá" nke plebeian na ụzọ nkà na ụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke nkà egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ. E gosipụtara egwuregwu a n'ụdị "opera arịrịọ", ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ochie nke bekee nke otu opera baroque. Weill jiri "opera arịrịọ" maka ebumnuche parodic stylization (na egwu nke parody a, ọ bụghị ọtụtụ Handel ka "na-ata ahụhụ" dị ka platitudes, "ebe a na-ahụkarị" nke opera ịhụnanya nke narị afọ nke XNUMX). Egwu dị ebe a dị ka ntinye nọmba - zongs, nke nwere ịdị mfe, mgbasa ozi na ike nke pop hits. Dị ka Brecht si kwuo, onye mmetụta ya na Weill na afọ ndị ahụ na-ekewaghị ekewa, iji mepụta ihe nkiri egwu ọhụrụ, nke oge a, onye na-ede egwú ga-ahapụrịrị ajọ mbunobi nke ụlọ opera. Brecht ji nlezianya kwadoro egwu pop "ọkụ"; na mgbakwunye, o bu n'obi dozie esemokwu ochie dị n'etiti okwu na egwu na opera, n'ikpeazụ kewapụ ha na ibe ha. Ọ nweghị site na mmepe nke echiche egwu na-agbanwe agbanwe na egwu Weill-Brecht. Ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ na nkenke. Ọdịdị nke ihe niile na-enye ohere maka itinye ngwá ọrụ na nọmba olu, ballet, ihe nkiri egwu.

Nbili na ọdịda nke Obodo Mahagonny, n'adịghị ka Threepenny Opera, dị ka ezigbo opera. N'ebe a, egwu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa karịa.