Albert Roussel |

Albert Roussel

Akụkọ ndụ A. Roussel, bụ́ otu n'ime ndị France a ma ama na-ede egwú nke ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke 25, bụ ihe ọhụrụ. O jiri oge ntorobịa ya na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri India na Pacific Ocean, dị ka N. Rimsky-Korsakov, ọ gara mba ndị dị egwu. Onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Roussel echeghịdị banyere egwu dị ka ọrụ. Naanị mgbe ọ dị afọ 1894, o kpebiri itinye onwe ya kpamkpam na egwu. Mgbe oge na-adịghị anya na obi abụọ gasịrị, Roussel rịọrọ maka arụkwaghịm ya wee biri na obere obodo Roubaix. N'ebe a, ọ na-amalite ọmụmụ ihe kwekọrọ na onye nduzi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu mpaghara. Site na Ọktoba 4 Roussel bi na Paris, ebe ọ na-enweta nkuzi ihe mejupụtara site na E. Gigot. Mgbe afọ 1902 gasịrị, ọ banyere na Schola cantorum na klas nke mejupụtara V. d'Andy, ebe ugbua na XNUMX a kpọrọ ya òkù ka ọ bụrụ onye prọfesọ nke counterpoint. N’ebe ahụ ọ kụziri ihe ruo mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ malitere. Ndị na-agụ egwú na-aga klas Roussel bụ ndị mesịrị were ọnọdụ pụtara ìhè na omenala egwu France, E. Satie, E. Varèse, P. Le Flem, A. Roland-Manuel.

Ihe odide mbụ nke Roussel, nke e mere n'okpuru nduzi ya na 1898. ma nweta ihe nrite na asọmpi nke Society of Composers, anwụbeghị. Na 1903, ọrụ symphonic "mbilite n'ọnwụ", nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ L. Tolstoy, mere na egwu egwu nke National Musical Society (A. Corto duziri). Na ọbụna tupu ihe omume a, aha nke Roussel na-aghọ mara na egwú okirikiri ekele maka ụlọ ya na ụda egwú (Trio maka piano, violin na cello, anọ uri maka olu na piano na amaokwu nke A. Renier, "The Hours Pass" maka piano).

Mmasị na East na-eme ka Roussel malite njem dị ukwuu na India, Cambodia na Ceylon ọzọ. Onye na-ede egwú na-enwe mmasị ọzọ ụlọ nsọ ndị dị ebube, na-aga ihe ngosi ihe nkiri onyinyo, na-ege ndị egwu egwuregwu gamelan ntị. Mkpọmkpọ ebe nke obodo India oge ochie bụ Chittor, ebe Padmavati chịrịbu, na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ahụ ya. East, onye nka egwu ya Roussel matara n'oge ntorobịa ya, mere ka asụsụ egwu ya baa ụba nke ukwuu. N'ime ọrụ nke mmalite afọ, onye na-ede egwú na-eji njirimara intonational atụmatụ nke India, Cambodian, Indonesian music. A na-egosipụta ihe oyiyi nke East nke ọma na opera-ballet Padmavati, nke e mere na Grand Opera (1923) ma nwee nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Mgbe e mesịrị, na 30s. Roussel bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ jiri n'ọrụ ya ihe a na-akpọ ụdị exotic - Greek oge ochie, Chinese, India (Sonata maka violin na Piano).

Roussel agbanarịghị mmetụta nke Impressionism. N'ime ballet otu-eme Ememme nke Ududo (1912), o kere akara e depụtara maka ọmarịcha ọmarịcha ihe onyonyo a, ọmarịcha ihe egwu na-emepụta ihe.

Isonye na Agha Ụwa Mbụ bụ oge mgbanwe na ndụ Roussel. N'ịlaghachi n'ihu, onye na-ede egwú na-agbanwe ụdị okike ya. Ọ na-akwado usoro ọhụrụ nke neoclassicism. “Albert Roussel na-ahapụ anyị,” ka onye nkatọ E. Viyermoz, onye na-agbaso echiche, dere, “na-apụ n'ekwughị ihe ọ bụla, n'atụghị egwu, itinye uche ya, na-ejide onwe ya… Ọ ga-apụ, ọ ga-apụ, ọ ga-apụ. Ma olee ebe? Ọpụpụ site na impressionism apụtalarị na Symphony nke Abụọ (1919-22). Na nke atọ (1930) na nke anọ Symphonies (1934-35), onye na-ede egwú na-ekwusi ike na ya na ụzọ ọhụrụ, na-emepụta ọrụ nke ụkpụrụ na-ewuli elu na-abata n'ihu.

Na njedebe nke 20s. Edemede Roussel ghọrọ onye ama ama na mba ofesi. N'afọ 1930, ọ gara USA ma nọ na ngosi nke atọ Symphony nke Boston Symphony Orchestra n'okpuru nduzi nke S. Koussevitzky, onye e dere n'usoro ya.

Roussel nwere ikike dị ukwuu dịka onye nkuzi. N'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú a ma ama nke narị afọ nke 1935: tinyere ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, ndị a bụ B. Martinou, K. Risager, P. Petridis. Site na 1937 ruo na njedebe nke ndụ ya (XNUMX), Roussel bụ onyeisi oche nke Popular Musical Federation of France.

N’ịkọwa echiche ya, onye dere ya kwuru, sị: “Ofufe nke ụkpụrụ ime mmụọ bụ ntọala nke ọha mmadụ ọ bụla na-azọrọ na ha nwere mmepeanya, n’etiti nkà ndị ọzọkwa, egwú bụ okwu kasị emetụ n’ahụ na nke kasị mma nke ụkpụrụ ndị a.”

V. Ilyev

Ngwakọta:

opera – Padmavati (opera-ballet, op. 1918; 1923, Paris), The Birth of the Lyre (lyric, La Naissance de la lyre, 1925, Paris), Testament nke nwanne mama Caroline (Le Testament de la tante Caroline, 1936, Olmouc , na Czech . lang.; 1937, Paris, na French); ballet – Ememme Ududo (Le festin de l'araignee. 1-act pantomime ballet; 1913, Paris), Bacchus na Ariadne (1931, Paris), Aeneas (ya na ukwe; 1935, Brussels); Asụsụ (Evocations, maka ndị soloist, ukwe na ndị egwu egwu, 1922); maka orchestra – 4 symphonies (Forest uri – La Poeme de la foret, programmatic, 1906; 1921, 1930, 1934), symphonic poems: Sunday (mbilite n’ọnwụ, dị ka L. Tolstoy, 1903) na Spring Festival (Wụnye une fete de printemps, 1920). ) , suite F-dur (Suite en Fa, 1926), Petite suite (1929), Flemish Rhapsody (Rapsodie flamande, 1936), symphoniette maka string orchestra. (1934); ihe mejupụtara maka ndị egwu egwu agha; maka ngwa na orchestra -fp. concerto (1927), concertino maka wlc. (1936); ọnụ ụlọ instrumental ensembles - duet maka bassoon nwere bass abụọ (ma ọ bụ ya na vlc., 1925), trio - p. (1902), eriri (1937), maka ọjà, viola na woofer. (1929), eriri. quartet (1932), ntụgharị maka sextet (quintet ime mmụọ na piano, 1906), sonatas maka Skr. na fp. (1908, 1924), iberibe maka piano, organ, harp, guitar, flute na clarinet nwere piano; ndi chozi; egwu; egwu maka ihe ngosi ihe nkiri, gụnyere egwu R. Rolland "July 14" (tinyere A. Honegger na ndị ọzọ, 1936, Paris).

Ọrụ edemede: Ịmara otú e si ahọrọ, (P., 1936); Ntụgharị uche na egwu taa, в кн.: Bernard R., A. Roussel, P., 1948.

References: Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis musiciens, P., 1955 (Nsụgharị Russian – Jourdan-Morhange E., Enyi m bụ onye na-egwu egwu, M., 1966); Schneerson G., Egwu French nke 1964th Century, Moscow, 1970, XNUMX.