Benjamin Briten |

Benjamin Britten

Ọrụ nke B. Britten gosipụtara mmaliteghachi nke opera na England, ntinye ọhụrụ (mgbe narị afọ atọ nke ịgbachi nkịtị gasịrị) ntinye egwu Bekee na ọkwa ụwa. Dabere n'ọdịnala mba yana nwekwaa ụzọ dị iche iche nke oge a na-egosipụta, Britten kere ọtụtụ ọrụ n'ụdị niile.

Britten malitere ide ihe mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 12, o dere "Symphony dị mfe" maka egwu egwu egwu (mbipụta nke abụọ - 2). Na 1934, Britten banyere Royal College of Music (Conservatory), ebe ndị isi ya bụ J. Ireland (ihe mejupụtara) na A. Benjamin (piano). N'afọ 1929, e mere Sinfonietta onye na-ede egwú dị afọ iri na itoolu, bụ nke dọtara mmasị ndị mmadụ. Ọ na-esote ọtụtụ ọrụ ụlọ nke gụnyere na mmemme nke ememme egwu mba ụwa ma tọọ ntọala maka aha Europe nke onye edemede ha. Ihe odide mbụ ndị a nke Britten bụ ụda ụlọ, ihe doro anya na nkenke nke ụdị, bụ nke mere ka onye na-ede egwú Bekee bịaruo nso ndị nnọchiteanya nke ntụziaka neoclassical (I. Stravinsky, P. Hindemith). N'ime afọ 1933. Britten na-ede ọtụtụ egwu maka ihe nkiri na sinima. Tinyere nke a, a na-akwụ ụgwọ nlebara anya pụrụ iche na ụdị ụda olu nke ụlọ, ebe ụdị nke operas n'ọdịnihu na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eto. Isiokwu, agba, na nhọrọ nke ederede dị iche iche: Nna nna anyị bụ ndị dinta (30) bụ satire na-akwa ndị ama ama; okirikiri "Ìhè" n'amaokwu nke A. Rimbaud (1936) na "Seven Sonnets nke Michelangelo" (1939). Britten na-amụ egwu ndị mmadụ, na-ahazi egwu Bekee, Scottish, French.

Na 1939, na mmalite nke agha, Britten hapụrụ United States, bụ ebe ọ banyere gburugburu nke na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta ihe nwere ọgụgụ isi. Dị ka nzaghachi nye ihe omume dị egwu nke mere na mpaghara Europe, cantata Ballad of Heroes (1939) bilitere, raara nye ndị na-alụ ọgụ megide fasizim na Spain. N'ikpeazụ 30s - mmalite 40s. Egwu ihe eji eme ihe na-emeri n'ọrụ Britten: n'oge a, a na-emepụta piano na violin concertos, Symphony Requiem, "Canadian Carnival" for orchestra, "Scottish Ballad" maka pianos abụọ na ndị egwú, 2 quartets, wdg. Dị ka I. Stravinsky, Britten na-eji ihe nketa nke oge gara aga eme ihe n'efu: nke a bụ otú suites si na egwu G. Rossini ("Musical Evenings" na "Musical Mornings") na-ebili.

Na 1942, onye na-ede egwú laghachiri n'ala nna ya wee biri n'obodo Aldborough nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke England. Mgbe ọ ka nọ na America, ọ natara iwu maka opera Peter Grimes, nke ọ dechara na 1945. Nhazi nke opera mbụ nke Briten dị ezigbo mkpa: ọ bụ akara mmalite nke ụlọ ihe nkiri egwu nke mba, bụ nke na-emepụtabeghị ihe nkiri oge ochie kemgbe ahụ. oge nke Purcell. Akụkọ dị egwu nke onye ọkụ azụ Peter Grimes, nke akara aka (atụmatụ nke J. Crabbe) na-achụ, kpaliri onye na-ede egwú ịmepụta ihe nkiri egwu nke nwere ụda ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke na-egosipụta nke ọma. Omenala dịgasị iche iche nke Britten na-esote na-eme ka egwu opera ya dị iche iche ma nwee ikike n'usoro nke ụdị. Ịmepụta ihe oyiyi nke owu ọmụma na-enweghị olileanya, obi nkoropụ, onye na-ede egwú na-adabere n'ụdị G. Mahler, A. Berg, D. Shostakovich. Ọkachamara dị iche iche dị egwu, iwebata ihe nkiri dị egwu na-eme ka mmadụ cheta G. Verdi. The nụchara anụcha pictorialism, colorfulness nke ìgwè egwú na seascapes na-alaghachi na impressionism nke C. Debussy. Otú ọ dị, ihe a nile jikọtara ya site na ntinye akwụkwọ edemede mbụ, echiche nke agba nke British Islands.

Peter Grimes sochiri ya na operas chamber: The Desecration of Lucretia (1946), satire Albert Herring (1947) na nkata H. Maupassant. Opera na-aga n'ihu na-adọta Britten na njedebe nke ụbọchị ya. N'ime afọ 50-60. Billy Budd (1951), Gloriana (1953), The Turn of the Screw (1954), Noa's Ark (1958), A Midsummer Night's Dream (1960, dabere na ihe ọchị site W. Shakespeare), ụlọ opera pụtara The Carlew River (1964). 1968), opera The Prodigal Son (1970), nke a raara nye Shostakovich, na Ọnwụ na Venice (XNUMX, mgbe T. Mann gasịrị).

A maara Britten n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka onye na-agụ egwu na-amụ ihe. Dị ka S. Prokofiev na K. Orff, ọ na-emepụta ọtụtụ egwu maka ụmụaka na ndị ntorobịa. N'egwu egwu ya Let's Make an Opera (1948), ndị na-ege ntị na-etinye aka na usoro mmemme. "Ọdịiche dị iche iche na Fugue na isiokwu nke Purcell" ka edere dị ka "nduzi maka ndị na-eto eto na-eto eto", na-ewebata ndị na-ege ntị na timbre nke ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche. Maka ọrụ Purcell, yana egwu Bekee oge ochie n'ozuzu, Britten tụgharịrị ugboro ugboro. O deziri opera ya “Dido na Aeneas” na ọrụ ndị ọzọ, yana ụdị ọhụụ nke “The Beggar's Opera” nke J. Gay na J. Pepusch dere.

Otu n'ime isi isiokwu nke ọrụ Britten - mkpesa megide ime ihe ike, agha, nkwuputa nke uru nke ụwa mmadụ na-esighị ike na nke na-enweghị nchebe - natara okwu ya kachasị elu na "Agha Requiem" (1961), ebe, yana ederede ọdịnala. ndị ọrụ Katọlik, W. Auden bụ abụ mgbochi agha ka e ji mee ihe.

Na mgbakwunye na ịde ede, Britten rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye pianist na onye nduzi, na-eme njem na mba dị iche iche. Ọ gara na USSR ugboro ugboro (1963, 1964, 1971). Ihe si na otu n'ime njem ya na Rọshịa pụta bụ usoro egwu egwu na okwu nke A. Pushkin (1965) na nke atọ Cello Suite (1971), nke na-eji abụ abụ ndị Russia. Site na mweghachi nke opera Bekee, Britten ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị nrụpụta kacha ọhụrụ nke ụdị na narị afọ nke XNUMX. “Nrọ m masịrị m bụ imepụta ụdị opera nke ga-adakọ na ihe nkiri Chekhov… A na m ewere opera chamber ka ọ na-agbanwe maka ikwupụta mmetụta dị n'ime. Ọ na-enye ohere ilekwasị anya na akparamaagwa mmadụ. Ma nke a bụ kpọmkwem ihe ghọrọ isiokwu bụ́ isi nke nkà ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ọgbara ọhụrụ.”

K. Zenkin